Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiovascular disease, occurs when coronary artery blood circularity cannot match with the heart's need. The present work attempted to study the ...effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) low expression in tumor (LET) on the progression of IHD. H9c2 cells were injured by hypoxia to mimic a cell model of IHD. The effects of lncRNA‐LET on hypoxia‐injured H9c2 cells were tested by using cell counting kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. MicroRNA‐138 (miR‐138) expression was tested by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38MAPK (p38–mitogen‐activated protein kinase) proteins was measured by Western blot analysis. We found that hypoxia exposure significantly repressed the viability of H9c2 cells, and induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK was enhanced by hypoxia. The expression of lncRNA‐LET was repressed by hypoxia. Overexpression of lncRNA‐LET attenuated hypoxia‐induced injury in H9c2 cells. Moreover, miR‐138 was a downstream effector of lncRNA‐LET, that miR‐138 was highly expressed in lncRNA‐LET‐overexpressed cell. The cardioprotective effects of lncRNA‐LET were abolished when miR‐138 was silenced. In conclusion, this study revealed the cardioprotective function of lncRNA‐LET. lncRNA‐LET conferred its cardioprotective effects possibly via upregulation of miR‐138 and thus repressing the JNK and p38MAPK pathways.
The principal barrier for the eradication of HIV/AIDS is the virus latency. One of the effective strategies so called “shock and kill” is to use latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to activate the latent ...HIV reservoirs and then combine them with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to eradicate the virus. However, most of the current LRAs are too toxic; therefore, they have not been used clinically. Our preliminary data indicated that polyphenols from grape seeds can activate HIV in latently infected Jurkat T cells. Owing to a lot of food containing polyphenols and based on a reasoning whether all of these kinds of polyphenols contain the latency-reversing function, in this study, we screened 22 fruits/vegetables to see whether polyphenols from these can reactivate latent HIV-1 transcription. We finally proved that the polyphenols from grape seeds, apple, pomegranate, and bilberry can reactivate latent HIV-1 transcription. The activation of which can be detected on the level of protein and mRNA. The activation of which is in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while the activated polyphenol extracts have the effects to stimulate Tat-independent HIV-1 transcription. The mechanism shows that polyphenol extracts from grape seeds and apple can stimulate P-TEFb’s release from 7SK snRNP to induce HIV gene transcription. These results indicate that using a few food of high-content polyphenols as latent activators and combining HARRT may be of great use for the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the future.
As an anti-inflammatory alkaloid, nicotine plays dual roles in treating diseases. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects of nicotine on inflammatory diseases, including ...inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, sepsis, endotoxemia, myocarditis, oral/skin/muscle inflammation,
, mainly concerning the administration methods, different models, therapeutic concentration and duration, and relevant organs and tissues. According to the data analysis from recent studies in the past 20 years, nicotine exerts much more anti-inflammatory effects than pro-inflammatory ones, especially in ulcerative colitis, arthritis, sepsis, and endotoxemia. On the other hand, in oral inflammation, nicotine promotes and aggravates some diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis, especially when there are harmful microorganisms in the oral cavity. We also carefully analyzed the nicotine dosage to determine its safe and effective range. Furthermore, we summarized the molecular mechanism of nicotine in these inflammatory diseases through regulating immune cells, immune factors, and the vagus and acetylcholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. By balancing the "beneficial" and "harmful" effects of nicotine, it is meaningful to explore the effective medical value of nicotine and open up new horizons for remedying acute and chronic inflammation in humans.
The
L. plant, a medicinal resource, holds significant potential for benefiting human health, as evidenced by its use in Native American and ancient Chinese cultures. Modern medical and pharmaceutical ...studies have investigated that the abundant and distinctive function metabolites in tobacco including nicotine, solanesol, cembranoid diterpenes, essential oil, seed oil and other tobacco extracts, avoiding the toxic components of smoke, mainly have the anti-oxidation, anti-lipid production, pro-lipid oxidation, pro-insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and antimicrobial activities. They showed potential pharmaceutical value mainly as supplements or substitutes for treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, inflammatory diseases including colitis, arthritis, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, and metabolic syndrome including Obesity and fatty liver. This review comprehensively presents the research status and the molecular mechanisms of tobacco and its metabolites basing on almost all the English and Chinese literature in recent 20 years in the field of medicine and pharmacology. This review serves as a foundation for future research on the medicinal potential of tobacco plants.
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•To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report about the adsorption kinetics of arsenic on β-MnO2 surface.•Based on the new discovery in the present study, a new oxidation ...mechanism has been suggested.•Two kinds of β-MnO2 with high potential of decrease arsenic are suggested in the present study.
MnO2 is one of the most widespread and cheapest materials in nature that can both adsorb arsenic and oxidize arsenite As(III) to arsenate As(V). In this study, column β-MnO2 CM with the main facet of {110} and pincer β-MnO2 PM with the facets of {110} and {101} are synthesized and used to remove arsenic in water under different conditions. For the adsorption process, the experimental data are fitted well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model; the Langmuir model is better than the Freundlich model to describe the adsorption equilibrium isotherms. Furthermore, the As(III) oxidation rate can be denoted by the pseudo zero-order kinetic model and is related to the O2 concentration, the pH value, the light source and the initial concentration of As(III). Finally, the oxidation mechanism is investigated, and the oxidant should be related to O2. It is interesting to find that these two kinds of β-MnO2 exhibit different pH effects for both adsorption and oxidation. For As(III), the adsorption and oxidation abilities of CM follow the order pH 9 > pH 7 > pH 4, whereas the adsorption and oxidation orders of PM are pH 4 > pH 7 > pH 9.
Down jacket fabric is greatly important in determining the quality of a down jacket. In order to enrich the research on fabric handle, subjective and objective evaluations were made for down jacket ...fabrics that were less studied. The comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns (CHES-FY) can be used to evaluate the tactile handle of the fabric by accurately and efficiently measuring the basic mechanical properties of the fabric. Therefore, the CHES-FY was used to link the objective evaluation with the subjective handle, so as to effectively estimate the total handle value of the down jacket fabric. Fifty-two kinds of down jacket fabrics were objectively tested through measuring 17 extracted parameters, and principal component analysis was adopted to establish the five main handle characteristics of fullness, softness, stiffness, smoothness, looseness and tightness to characterize basic style of the down jacket fabrics. The results showed that the subjective and objective results were in good agreement. These characteristics can be used as indicators to characterize fabric performance, and the principal component expression to characterize fabric handle can better predict the handle characteristics of down jacket fabrics. This also proves that the CHES-FY can quickly and accurately obtain the fabric handle value, and can also evaluate the fabric quality level.
Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by
(
), is a vascular disease affecting diverse solanaceous crops and causing tremendous damage to crop production. However, our knowledge of the mechanism underlying its ...resistance or susceptibility is very limited. In this study, we characterized the physiological differences and compared the defense-related transcriptomes of two tobacco varieties, 4411-3 (highly resistant, HR) and K326 (moderately resistant, MR), after
infection at 0, 10, and 17 days after inoculation (dpi). A total of 3967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the HR and MR genotypes under mock condition at three time points, including1395 up-regulated genes in the HR genotype and 2640 up-regulated genes in the MR genotype. Also, 6,233 and 21,541 DEGs were induced in the HR and MR genotypes after
infection, respectively. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that DEGs in the HR genotype were related to the cell wall, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, endocytosis, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The defense-related genes generally showed genotype-specific regulation and expression differences after
infection. In addition, genes related to auxin and ABA were dramatically up-regulated in the HR genotype. The contents of auxin and ABA in the MR genotype were significantly higher than those in the HR genotype after
infection, providing insight into the defense mechanisms of tobacco. Altogether, these results clarify the physiological and transcriptional regulation of
resistance infection in tobacco, and improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the plant-pathogen interaction.
Abstract Axillary bud is an important aspect of plant morphology, contributing to the final tobacco yield. However, the mechanisms of axillary bud development in tobacco remain largely unknown. To ...investigate this aspect of tobacco biology, the metabolome and proteome of the axillary buds before and after topping were compared. A total of 569 metabolites were differentially abundant before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. KEGG analyses further revealed that the axillary bud was characterized by a striking enrichment of metabolites involved in flavonoid metabolism, suggesting a strong flavonoid biosynthesis activity in the tobacco axillary bud after topping. Additionally, 9035 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified before and 1, 3, and 5 days after topping. Subsequent GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEPs in the axillary bud were enriched in oxidative stress, hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The integrated proteome and metabolome analysis revealed that the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) alteration in buds control dormancy release and sustained growth of axillary bud by regulating proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Notably, the proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and flavonoid biosynthesis were strongly negatively correlated with IAA content. These findings shed light on a critical role of IAA alteration in regulating axillary bud outgrowth, and implied a potential crosstalk among IAA alteration, ROS homeostasis, and flavonoid biosynthesis in tobacco axillary bud under topping stress, which could improve our understanding of the IAA alteration in axillary bud as an important regulator of axillary bud development.
TiO2 is one of the most cheap materials which can both adsorb arsenic and oxidize arsenite As(III) to arsenate As(V). In this study, anatase TiO2 crystals with different main facets such as {101}, ...{001} and {100} are synthesized and used to investigate arsenic adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process and the pH effects. The adsorption kinetics of arsenic on TiO2 crystals can be described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. For the adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir model is better than the Freundlich model for arsenic on these TiO2 crystals. For the PCO process, the rate of As(III) oxidation can be denoted by the pseudo first-order kinetic model. It should be noted that at neutral condition the adsorption and PCO rates of the three kinds of TiO2 crystals follow the order of {101} > {001} > {100}. The pH effect is above all important for both the arsenic adsorption and its PCO. The highest PCO speed appears at high pH values such as at pH 11 or 12.
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•Three kinds of TiO2 with the main facets of {101}, {001} and {100} are synthesized.•These TiO2 are used to remove arsenic in water solution under different conditions.•The adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and the oxidation kinetics are investigated.•The pH effects are above all important for both adsorption and oxidation.
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