In this paper, we mainly discuss the cure model with survival data. Different from the usual survival data with right-censoring, we incorporate the features of left-truncation and measurement error ...in covariates. Generally speaking, left-truncation causes a biased sample in survival analysis; measurement error in covariates may incur a tremendous bias if we do not deal with it properly. To deal with these challenges, we propose a flexible way to analyze left-truncated survival data and correct measurement error in covariates. The theoretical results are also established in this paper.
Bereaved ICU family surrogates' psychological distress, e.g., anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is usually examined independently, despite the well-recognized ...comorbidity of these symptoms. Furthermore, the few studies exploring impact of psychological distress on development of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) did not consider the dynamic impact of symptom evolution. We identified surrogates' distinct patterns/states of comorbid psychological distress and their evolution over the first 3 months of bereavement and evaluated their associations with PGD at 6-month postloss.
A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 319 bereaved surrogates. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and PGD were measured by the anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised scale, and the PGD-13, respectively. Distinct psychological-distress states and their evolution were examined by latent transition analysis. Association between psychological-distress states and PGD symptoms was examined by logistic regression.
Three distinct comorbid psychological-distress states (prevalence) were initially identified: no distress (56.3%), severe-depressive/borderline-anxiety distress (30.5%), and severe-anxiety/depressive/PTSD distress (13.3%). Except for those in the stable no-distress state, surrogates tended to regress to states of less psychological distress at the subsequent assessment. The proportion of participants in each psychological-distress state changed to no distress (76.8%), severe-depressive/borderline-anxiety distress (18.6%), and severe-anxiety/depressive/PTSD distress (4.6%) at 3-month postloss. Surrogates in the severe-depressive/borderline-anxiety distress and severe-anxiety/depressive/PTSD-distress state at 3-month postloss were more likely to develop PGD at 6-month postloss (OR 95% = 14.58 1.48, 143.54 and 104.50 10.45, 1044.66, respectively).
A minority of family surrogates of ICU decedents suffered comorbid severe-depressive/borderline-anxiety distress and severe-anxiety/depressive/PTSD symptoms during early bereavement, but they were more likely to progress into PGD at 6-month postloss.
Autopolyploidy is a valuable model for studying whole-genome duplication (WGD) without hybridization, yet little is known about the genomic structural and functional changes that occur in ...autopolyploids after WGD. Cyclocarya paliurus (Juglandaceae) is a natural diploid-autotetraploid species. We generated an allele-aware autotetraploid genome, a chimeric chromosome-level diploid genome, and whole-genome resequencing data for 106 autotetraploid individuals at an average depth of 60 × per individual, along with 12 diploid individuals at an average depth of 90 × per individual.
Autotetraploid C. paliurus had 64 chromosomes clustered into 16 homologous groups, and the majority of homologous chromosomes demonstrated similar chromosome length, gene numbers, and expression. The regions of synteny, structural variation and nonalignment to the diploid genome accounted for 81.3%, 8.8% and 9.9% of the autotetraploid genome, respectively. Our analyses identified 20,626 genes (69.18%) with four alleles and 9191 genes (30.82%) with one, two, or three alleles, suggesting post-polyploid allelic loss. Genes with allelic loss were found to occur more often in proximity to or within structural variations and exhibited a marked overlap with transposable elements. Additionally, such genes showed a reduced tendency to interact with other genes. We also found 102 genes with more than four copies in the autotetraploid genome, and their expression levels were significantly higher than their diploid counterparts. These genes were enriched in enzymes involved in stress response and plant defense, potentially contributing to the evolutionary success of autotetraploids. Our population genomic analyses suggested a single origin of autotetraploids and recent divergence (~ 0.57 Mya) from diploids, with minimal interploidy admixture.
Our results indicate the potential for genomic and functional reorganization, which may contribute to evolutionary success in autotetraploid C. paliurus.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new ultra‐low‐temperature firing microwave dielectric ceramic, Li2WO4 with the phenacite structure, was prepared via solid‐state reaction method. The Li2WO4 ceramic can be well sintered at ...640°–660°C, with a microwave relative permittivity ∼5.5, a Q×f value about 62 000 GHz, and a negative temperature coefficient of −146 ppm/°C at 15.7 GHz. From an X‐ray diffraction analysis, the Li2WO4 ceramic was found to be chemically compatible with both silver and aluminum powders at 640°C. All the results indicate that the Li2WO4 ceramic is a promising candidate for ultra‐low temperature cofired ceramic technology, especially for dielectric substrate application.
Scope
Cardiac fibrosis is a key feature of cardiac remodeling. Recently, a protective role for resveratrol (RES) in pressure‐overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction has been ...demonstrated. However, the effect of RES on cardiac fibrosis and diastolic function in this model remains unclear.
Methods and results
Cardiac remodeling is induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 2–4 weeks. RES is administered at dose of 5 or 50 mg kg–1 d–1 for 2 weeks. It is found that RES administration at 50 mg kg–1 d–1 significantly attenuates TAC‐induced adverse cardiac systolic and diastolic function, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress via inhibiting PTEN degradation and the downstream mediators. However, RES at 5 mg kg–1 d–1 has no significant effects. RES at 50 mg kg–1 d–1 also ameliorates pre‐established adverse cardiac function and remodeling induced by TAC. Treatment with PTEN inhibitor VO‐OHpic (10 mg kg–1 d–1) for 2 weeks abolishes RES‐mediated protective effects. Additionally, the effect of RES (100 µm) on inhibition of Ang II‐induced fibroblast proliferation and activation in vitro is verified.
Conclusions
The findings provide new evidence that RES plays a critical role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, and suggest that RES may be a promising therapeutic agent for cardiac fibrosis.
Cardiac remodeling is induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The results showed that resveratrol administration significantly attenuated TAC‐induced cardiac dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress via inhibiting PTEN degradation and activation of the downstream mediators. Furthermore, a PTEN inhibitor, VO‐OHpic, abolishes resveratrol‐mediated protective effects. These results suggest that resveratrol may be a promising therapeutic agent against cardiac fibrosis.
Herein, the structure and dielectric properties of Sm(Nb1−xVx)O4 (SNV-x) (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.9) ceramics were studied by crystal structure refinement, Raman, transmission electron microscope (TEM), ...far-infrared/THz reflectivity spectroscopy and microwave dielectric tests. Three kinds of ultra-low dielectric loss and temperature-stable Sm(Nb1−xVx)O4 (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) ceramics with permittivities of 18.01–16.89, Q × f values of 97 800–75 200 GHz (@∼8.6 GHz), and TCF of −5.6 (x = 0.2), to +2.3 ppm °C−1 (x = 0.3), then −6.3 (x = 0.4) ppm °C−1 were synthesized in this system. It was found that V5+ substitution can reliably induce the phase transition of monoclinic fergusonite (M-fergusonite, I2/a) to tetragonal zircon phase (T-zircon, I41/amd) (x ≈ 0.3), while effectively reducing the phase transition temperature. TEM shows that there were two different orientation domain structures in the M-fergusonite phase, and the widths of the two domain structures get closer with an increase in B-site substitution. Moreover, the variations in permittivity (ϵr), quality factor (Q × f), and the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (TCF) were strongly related to the crystal distortion and phase transition. Notably, a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) was fabricated with an Sm(Nb0.8V0.2)O4 (SNV-0.2) specimen. The antenna resonated at 27.04 GHz and had a bandwidth of ∼820 MHz (S11 < −10 dB). This system is a good candidate for 5G and future millimeter-wave applications.
Background. Apoptosis is one of the causes of immune depression in sepsis. Pyroptosis also occurs in sepsis. The toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ...have been shown to play important roles in apoptosis and pyroptosis. However, it is still unknown whether TLR4 inhibition decreases apoptosis in sepsis. Methods. Stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were cultured with or without TLR4 inhibition using monoclonal antibodies from 20 patients with sepsis. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities were measured. The expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax) was measured. The cell death of PBMCs was detected using a flow cytofluorimeter. Results. After TLR4 inhibition, Bcl2 to Bax ratio elevated both in LPS and HMGB1-stimulated PBMCs. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 did not change in LPS or HMGB1-stimulated PBMCs. The cell death of LPS and HMGB1-stimulated CD8 lymphocytes and monocytes increased after TLR4 inhibition. The cell death of CD4 lymphocytes was unchanged. Conclusion. The apoptosis did not decrease, while TLR4 was inhibited. After TLR4 inhibition, there was an unknown mechanism to keep cell death in stimulated PBMCs in patients with sepsis.
•Two-dimensional materials with unique properties have been widely explored in the field of microwave absorption.•Microwave absorption performance of two-dimensional composites is much better than ...that of pure two-dimensional materials.•In both military and civilian, two-dimensional microwave absorption composites have important applications.
Two-dimensional materials refer to materials in which electrons can only move freely on the nanometer scale in two dimensions and have more diverse structures and diverse properties than solid-phase materials. In the past decade, two-dimensional materials have attracted considerable attention due to their most excellent physical properties, such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and MXenes. Meanwhile, due to their special structures, excellent electrical conductivity, rich surface and good mechanical strength, two-dimensional materials have unique electromagnetic properties and have potential applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, shielding and radar stealth. In this review, the progress in two-dimensional microwave absorption materials is reviewed objectively, including graphene, MoS2 and MXenes, as well as their composites, focusing on the achievements of the past few years and the current challenges. In addition, the performances of two-dimensional microwave absorption materials in different frequency ranges and the application in electronic communication and radar stealth will also discussed.
Analysis of sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) is an important topic and has attracts our attention in decades. Several methods have been proposed based on simple settings. In applications, ...however, the ultrahigh-dimensional setting with p≫n and covariate measurement error usually appear in the dataset, and it is not trivial to adopt the conventional methods to handle this problem. In this paper, we consider the SDR with both the ultrahigh-dimensional setting and covariate measurement error incorporated simultaneously. The theoretical results of the proposed method are established.
Control charts are important tools to monitor quality of products. One of useful applications is to monitor the proportion of non‐conforming products. However, in practical applications, measurement ...error is ubiquitous and may occur due to false records or misclassification, which makes the observed proportion different from the underlying true proportion. It is also well‐known that ignoring measurement error effects provides biases, and is expected that the resulting control charts may incur wrong detection. In this paper, we study this important problem and propose a valid method to correct for measurement error effects and obtain error‐eliminated control chart for the proportion of non‐conforming products. In addition, unlike traditional approaches, the corrected EWMA p‐control chart provides asymmetric control limits and is flexible to handle the data with small sample size. Numerical results are conducted to justify the validity of the corrected EWMA p‐control chart and verify the necessity of measurement error correction.
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