The effect of (i) starter culture (sweet-Mild, Classic, and Acidic), (ii) probiotics (
Bifidobacterium animalis
BB-12 in cow milk and
Lactobacillus acidophilus
LA-5 in goat milk), and (iii) flavor ...additives vanilla baccarat (VAN), lemon (LEM), orange (ORA), and mastic (MAS) essential oil on the properties of cow and goat dessert yogurt was studied. Cow milk proteins were added to all dessert yogurts at 0.5%
w
/
v
for the improvement of the gel network structure. Dessert yogurt samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, fat, total solids, protein, lactose, WHC and syneresis), rheological properties elastic (Gʹ), viscous (Gʺ) and tan δ moduli and sensory attributes (color, odor, texture, taste, and overall score). The results showed that in both cow and goat dessert yogurts, pH, lactose content, and WHC decreased in the following order: Mild > Classic > Acidic, with and without probiotics, while syneresis followed the opposite order. Dessert yoghurts prepared with cow milk exhibited higher syneresis/lower WHC, compared to goat milk dessert yogurts. Regarding Gʹ and Gʺ moduli, higher values were recorded for Gʹ than for Gʺ, indicative of a solid-like behavior for both dessert yogurts. Between the two, higher values of Gʹ were recorded for cow dessert yogurts. Finally, the overall sensory scores revealed that cow dessert yogurts without probiotics (mild and classic culture) were more acceptable than those with probiotics, while the opposite holds for goat dessert yogurts (classic and acidic culture). Among the tested flavor additives, VAN and plain (no additive) ranked higher, compared to the rest.
The natural history, biologic and histological features, and the presenting symptoms of neuroblastoma are reviewed. The radiological findings of this neurogenic paediatric tumour are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds (aroma) and overall flavor in dessert yogurts prepared from cow and goat milk, using three different, commercially ...available starter cultures, in the presence or absence of probiotic bacteria and to correlate this to organoleptic evaluation results obtained using a consumer acceptability method. The extraction of volatile compounds was carried out by solid phase micro-extraction; separation and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Variations among the different classes of compounds (i.e., aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, volatile acids, hydrocarbons, and terpenes) were recorded for different treatments. The results showed that the main volatiles in the cow milk dessert yogurts without
BB-12 were: acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, 3-OH-2-butanone, 2-propanone, hexanoic acid and limonene). Respective volatiles in cow milk dessert yogurts with
BB-12 were: acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal, the same ketones, acetic acid and limonene). The volatiles in goat milk dessert yogurts without
LA-5 were: acetaldehyde, the same ketones, no carboxylic acids, limonene, camphene, α- and β-pinene. Respective volatiles in goat milk dessert yogurts with
LA-5 were: aldehydes acetaldehyde, the same ketones, butanoic acid, α-pinene and camphene varying in concentration in different samples. Based on the results of volatiles and organoleptic evaluation, it can be concluded that dessert yogurts from cow milk without probiotic bacterial strains using the mild and classic starter cultures, and dessert yogurts from goat milk with probiotic bacterial strains using the classic and acidic starter cultures are found to be more organoleptically acceptable by consumers. In most cases, a positive correlation was found between dessert yogurt organoleptically determined flavor and volatiles (aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids).
Objective To analyze age-associated changes in linear and cross-sectional area (CSA) measurements of adenoid, tonsils, and pharyngeal lumen. Study design Measurements were completed in head magnetic ...resonance imaging examinations performed for diagnostic purposes. Linear and nonlinear regression models were applied to describe the effect of age on the size of soft tissues and upper airway. Results Magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 149 children without snoring (aged 0-15.9 years) and in 33 children with snoring (aged 1.6-15 years). In the children without snoring, adenoid size increased during the first 7-8 years of life and then decreased gradually % (adenoid oblique width/mental spine–clivus length) = 11.38 + 1.52 (age) − 0. 11age 2 , R2 = 0.22, P < .01; adenoid CSA = 90.75 + 41.93 (age) − 2. 47age 2 ; R2 = 0.50; P < .01. Nasopharyngeal airway CSA increased slowly up to age 8 years and rapidly thereafter. Similar patterns were noted for the tonsils and oropharyngeal airway. In contrast, in children with snoring, adenoid and tonsils were large irrespective of age, and nasopharyngeal airway size increased slowly with age. Conclusions In children without snoring, growing adenotonsillar tissue narrows the upper airway lumen to variable degrees only during the first 8 years of life. In contrast, in children with snoring, appreciable pharyngeal lymphoid tissue enlargement is present during the preschool years and persists beyond the eighth birthday.
The cerebral cortex represents a laminar structure of precisely spatially organized neurons in horizontal layers and vertical columns. Neurogenesis, neuronal migration and neuronal wiring are tightly ...regulated and coordinated procedures that result in the accurate formation of the human cerebral cortex. Abnormal fetal corticogenesis results in several types of migration and gyration anomalies, known as malformations of cortical development, which have long been a topic of investigation. According to the stage of cortical development that is affected, with diverse genetic and non-genetic etiologies, these malformations can cause abnormal head size, abnormal brain surface and abnormal cortical layering with various degrees of neurodevelopmental delay and epilepsy. The pathogenesis of these malformations is multifactorial and includes genetic mutations or environmental insults, acquired either in utero at varying stages of brain development or during the perinatal period after corticogenesis. In this article, we focus on cortical malformations detected on fetal MRI. We present the main antenatal findings that should raise suspicion for malformations of cortical development, together with findings that might be missed on prenatal imaging and describe the correlations between fetal and postnatal MRI.
Magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold-standard imaging technique in cases of Müllerian and vaginal anomalies, however, vaginal delineation often proves difficult, owing to the fact that ...vaginal walls are normally collapsed and in close proximity. Instilling gel through the introitus allows for better depiction of the distal vagina.
Assessing cognitive decline and everyday functioning (EvF) in older age is valuable in detecting age-related neurological disorders. In Greece, there is a lack of sensitive instruments that capture ...fluctuations in EvF among older persons who are cognitively healthy or have subtle cognitive impairments. The EPT 28-items test, a widely used paper-and-pencil EvF measure, was translated in Greek and adapted to the Greek culture in this study. A multi-step methodology using a sample of 139 older Greek persons was employed. The results indicate that the Greek version of the EPT 28-items (i.e., the EPT-G) was well adapted, representing everyday tasks in Greece within a good range of task difficulty. The psychometric properties of the EPT-G replicate those of the original instrument, capturing EvF fluctuations among older persons with mild cognitive impairments. It was concluded that the EPT-G is a useful measure of EvF among Greek older persons.
Objective
To evaluate the time course of coagulation markers in the early postburn period and clarify the role of coagulation alterations in organ failure and in mortality prognosis.
Design and ...setting
This prospective study was conducted in the burn ICU of a tertiary hospital.
Patients
45 patients with severe thermal burn injury.
Measurements and results
Clinical data and coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were measured during the first postburn week. The ICU 28-day mortality rate was 33%. Significant differences in the time course of coagulation markers were observed between survivors and nonsurvivors. SOFA score distinguished between patients with overt and nonovert disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during the overall investigation period. Presence of overt DIC was related to mortality (OR = 0.1). Antithrombin, protein S, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and SOFA score on day 3, protein C on day 5, and thrombin/antithrombin complexes on day 7 revealed a good prognostic value for ICU mortality, according to the area under ROC curves.
Conclusions
Severe thermal injury is associated with the early activation of coagulation cascade, presence of DIC, organ failure, and increased mortality.
Abstract Vascular anomalies develop during fetal life and can be detected on prenatal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis of lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous ...malformations, as well as congenital hemangiomas and other congenital vascular tumors, may be challenging. The benign vascular anomalies may be difficult to differentiate from malignancies with a similar appearance. In this manuscript, we present a succinct overview of the congenital vascular anomalies that may present in fetal or neonatal life.
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