Temporal lobe epilepsy (TE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults with a high rate of drug-resistant course. In the Russian Federation studies of the contribution of the carriage of ...single nucleotide variants of genes (SNGs) encoding proteins of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to the development of TE have not been previously carried out.
Objective
: to study the association of SNGs rs16944 and rs1143634 of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 of the TNFA gene, rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 of the NTRK-2 gene with the risk of development, clinical and neuroimaging features of TE.
Patients and methods
. The study included 166 patients with TE and 203 healthy volunteers living in the Siberian Federal District. The study included clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, and laboratory work-up. Investigation of the carriage of SNGs rs16944 (-511T/C) and rs1143634 (+3954C/T) of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 (G-308A) of the TNFA gene, rs6265 (G/A) of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 (C/T) and rs2289656 (C/T) of the NTRK-2 gene was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. The prognostically unfavorable role of carriage of the A allele and the GA rs1800629 genotype of the TNFA gene in the development of TE, the GA rs6265 genotype of the BDNF gene in the development of TE with hippocampal sclerosis was established. Carrying the genotype AA rs1800629 of the TNFA gene in patients with TE reduces the risk of polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs.
Conclusion
. The study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration processes is important both from a physiological point of view and from the point of view of searching for the TE development markers, which make it possible to predict and evaluate the rate of disease progression, help to determine the tactics of treatment, and evaluate its effectiveness. In this regard, at present, the identification of potential genetic markers remains a task of high priority.
In the process of improving the efficiency of power plants a hot topic is the use of high-quality fuels and lubricants. In the process of transportation, preparation for use, storage and maintenance ...of the properties of fuels and lubricants may deteriorate, which entails a reduction in the efficiency of power plants. One of the ways to prevent the deterioration of the properties is a timely analysis of the relevant laboratories. In this day, the existence of laboratories of energy fuels and energy laboratory oil at thermal power stations is satisfactory character. However, the training of qualified personnel to work in these laboratories is a serious problem, as the lack of opportunities in these laboratories a complete list of required tests. The solution to this problem is to explore the possibility of application of methods of analysis of the properties of fuels and lubricants in the stage of training and re-training of qualified personnel. In this regard, on the basis of MPEI developed laboratory projects of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, power and energy oils and lubricants. Projects allow for a complete list of tests required for the timely control of properties and prevent the deterioration of these properties. Assess the financial component of the implementation of the developed projects based on the use of modern equipment used for tests. Projects allow for a complete list of tests required for the timely control of properties and prevent the deterioration of these properties.
The study aimed to evaluate the association between cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody seropositivity and chronic
Helicobacter pylori
(
H. pylori
) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ...(RA). We examined 92 women with moderate RA activity. Serum antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (antiCCP), antibodies to
H. pylori
(anti-
H. pylori
-IgG), and total antibodies to
H. pylori
CagA antigen (antiCagA) were determined by enzyme immunoassay; the presence of anti-CagA-IgG positivity was confirmed by immunoblot. 68.5% of RA patients were positive for anti-
H. pylori
-IgG, and 44.4% of patients in this group were positive for anti-CagA-IgG. All the study participants were divided into three groups: I –
H. pylori
seronegative (
H. pylori
-
); II –
H. pylori
positive, CagA negative (
H. pylori
+
/CagA
-
); III –
H. pylori
positive and CagA positive (CagA
+
). The anti-CCP values in RA patients with CagA
+
(group III) were significantly higher not only in comparison with patients seronegative for
H. pylori
(p < 0.001), but also in comparison with patients from group II (
H. pylori
+
/CagA
-
) (p = 0.041). A study of the influence of the RA activity, the presence of RF and
H. pylori
on anti-CCP content demonstrated a small proportion of anti-CCP variability (R2 = 0.09), with a high contribution of
H. pylori
(beta = 0.25). The addition of the CagA(
+
) index (beta = 0.503) to the presented model allowed us to describe the variability of anti-CCP in almost 30% of cases (R2 = 0.29). In the group of RA patients with anti-CCP values exceeding the established threshold value of 20 U/mL (normal index), there was an increase in the proportion of patients infected with
H. pylori
(p < 0.001), but not the proportion of CagA-positive patients (p = 0.06). When the threshold level was increased to 60 U/mL (three times the upper limit of normal) in patients with significantly high anti-CCP, the association with positivity for CagA became significant (p = 0.005). CagA is highly immunogenic and is capable of inducing an inflammatory response in the host that goes beyond the effect of
H. pylori
itself. Additional experimental studies are needed to investigate possible clinical and laboratory associations that may influence the treatment tactics of CagA
+
patients with RA who are seropositive for anti-citrullinated antibodies, as well as to evaluate the possible effects of therapeutic intervention aimed at the eradication of
H. pylori
in this group.
The behavior of
137
Cs and K in the soil–plant system of the Chernozemic Zone long after the Chernobyl accident was studied. Experimental plots were laid in the central part of Plavsk radioactive ...hotspot of Tula oblast in wheat, soybean, buckwheat, rapeseed, sunflower, and grass–legume agrocenoses and in natural biogeocenoses of a dry meadow. The mean soil contamination with
137
Cs was 171 ± 26 kBq/m
2
(498 ± 100 Bq/kg), and the mean content of total K in soils was 2.0 ± 0 1%, including 235 ± 54 mg/kg of exchangeable K and 816 ± 116 mg/kg of nonexchangeable K. Vertical distribution of
137
Cs within the contaminated 30-cm-thick soil layer of agrocenoses and of the total K was uniformly accumulative in all the soils, while the distribution of exchangeable and nonexchangeable K was regressive–accumulative. The microdistribution was invariant for
137
Cs in the root zone, and gradient enrichment of soil near the root surface was detected for mobile forms of potassium. The intensity of
137
Cs transfer from soils to plants for all studied crops was from one to two orders of magnitude lower than the intensity of K uptake by roots. The distribution of elements between plant organs also differed. The
137
Cs distribution was acropetal for cereals and basipetal for crops of other families, and K was distributed basipetally in all tested plants.
Radioecology: Past, Present, Future Shcheglov, A. I.; Tsvetnova, O. B.; Agapkina, G. I. ...
Moscow University soil science bulletin,
2023/12, Letnik:
78, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article deals with issues related to the development of radioecology as an independent scientific discipline. The achievements of past years and the studies that are currently being carried out, ...as well as promising areas of development in this area are analyzed. A corrected periodization of the stages of development of radioecology is proposed, taking into account the experience accumulated to date in the field of this discipline. At the initial stage (1895–1929), empirical material was collected; at the first stage (1930–1960), the theoretical foundation was laid and radioecology was formed as an independent discipline; at the second stage (1961–1990), intensive development of radioecology was noted; and, at the third stage (1991–2010), there was progressive development of radioecology; the fourth—modern—stage of the development of radioecology is in the beginning of the 21st century (2011–present). For each stage, the main scientific achievements and evolution of ideas in the field of radioecology are considered. It is postulated that, at present, the development of this discipline is associated with the further improvement of world nuclear technologies, the elimination of the consequences of a number of radiation incidents (the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011), the revision of the concept of radiation protection of the environment and a number of other provisions. Particular attention is paid to forest radioecology, one of the most important main areas of this science.
Aim.
To study the antibacterial efficacy of the antiseptic drug Miramistin, activated by ultrasound of different frequencies, against pathogenic microorganisms of periodontal pockets, in an ...experiment.
Materials and methods.
As an antiseptic drug, the drug Miramistin 0.01% was used, which was activated using ultrasound of different frequencies: high-frequency (880 kHz) in continuous mode for 4 minutes, low-frequency (26.5 kHz) in continuous mode for 2 minutes. To conduct the study, clinical strains of microorganisms obtained from periodontal pockets with moderate periodontitis were used: S. sanguis, S. pyogenes, P. intermedia, C. albicans. The study was carried out using automatic programmable cultivation, using the RTS-8 system. The studied samples of the antiseptic drug were previously diluted in a nutrient broth in a ratio of 2:200.
Results.
In the course of the study, it was found that with respect to pathogenic microorganisms obtained from periodontal pockets with moderate periodontitis, Miramistin in a dilution of 2:200, activated by low-frequency ultrasound, showed more pronounced antibacterial effect compared to Miramistin activated by high-frequency ultrasound.
Conclusions.
In the treatment of periodontitis, to suppress the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms, preference should be given to the combined effects of low-frequency ultrasound and the antiseptic drug Miramistin.
Changes in the morphology of the vanadium surface are studied as a result of the separate and sequential action of helium ions (for an energy of 30 keV, a dose of 1.0 × 10
22
m
–2
, an ion-flux ...density of 4.8 × 10
18
m
–2
s
–1
, and a temperature of ~500 K) and high-power pulsed laser radiation in the Q-switched mode (power density of
q
= 1.2 × 10
12
W/m
2
, pulse duration of τ
0
= 50 ns, and a pulse number
N
varying from 1 to 4). It is found that the effect of laser irradiation on vanadium samples before and after ion implantation (resulting in the formation of a crater with a rim due to the splashing of melted metal) is identical. In the case of the preliminary introduction of helium into the material the splash of metal is more intense. Helium implanted into the samples causes radiation blistering; the subsequent influence of laser pulses intensifies material erosion in the area located immediately behind the rim (resulting in a growing number of peeled layers, merging blisters, etc.), which is probably triggered by high temperatures and thermal stresses emerging in this area (even after discontinuing laser irradiation). Under reactor operating conditions this effect can lead to increased plasma contamination. It is shown that the damage of a target inside the craters in the initial vanadium samples feature occasional cracks, wavy and droplet structures, as well as beading, whereas along with the above changes the samples pre-irradiated with helium contain no cracks inside the crater although areas showing boiling of the material are clearly visible.
Cognitive impairment in childhood-onset epilepsy Paramonova, A. I.; Lysova, K. D.; Timechko, E. E. ...
Èpilepsiâ i paroksizmalʹnye sostoâniâ (Online),
04/2024, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In pediatric practice, epilepsy holds one of the leading places among neurological pathologies. Along with seizures, a child's intellectual impairment lowering quality of life plays a crucial role in ...social disintegration. Cognitive impairments occuring in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) and self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) considered benign have been widely investigated. However, available data suggest that such disorders result in multiple persistent alterations in the cognitive sphere. In this case, features of the epilepsy etiopathogenesis account for disease early onset and profoundly remodeled structures involved in the implementation of cognitive functions. Current review is aimed to summarizing data regarding developmental mechanisms and range of cognitive impairment in IGE and SeLECTS.
An algorithm has been developed for the simulation model of carbon behavior in herbaceous communities of various types, both autonomous and as a part of complex phytocenoses. The influence of ...external factors is taken into account, such as solar radiation, precipitation, air temperature, clouds, and wind speed. The dynamics of soil moisture level and temperature are reproduced. The algorithm can be modified, depending on the discreteness of consideration of the simulated processes. The algorithm is tested in modeling the dynamics of the phytomass of a community of ground elder (
Aegopodium podagraria
L.) that is dominant in the herbaceous cover of the ground elder oak grove on dark-gray forest soil. The EcoGrass model is used to conduct numerical experiments to study the impact of the potential global climate change and consumption of phytomass by animals on the productivity of this community. Threshold values of influence factors have been determined upon reaching which the normal functioning of the community is disrupted.
The features of the damage of the surface layer of vanadium under the action of pulsed laser radiation are studied. Laser irradiation is carried out in air using a GOS 1001 setup in the Q-switching ...mode with the following parameters: flux power density
q
= 1.2 × 10
8
W/cm
2
, pulse duration τ
0
= 50 ns, and number of pulses
N
= 1–6. The typical surface damages induced by the laser pulses are found to include the melting of material, a microcrack network, a wavy relief, and drop-like particles. The central region characterized by the greatest degree of damage contains also individual drops of metal, which crystallized like a spiral. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) adjacent to the central one is damaged to a significantly weaker extent. Surface degradation increases as the number of pulses increases. Laser irradiation is revealed to change the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns: loss of texture, presence of vanadium-oxide signal, peak broadening, and lattice parameter increase (from 3.022(2) to 3.027(3) Å). It is shown that preliminary irradiation with argon ions (dose of 10
22
m
–2
,
E
= 20 keV) affects no surface damage of the central region, while in the adjacent heat-affected zone, there is a spallation of local surface regions.
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