At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 1500 cities around the world created or expanded public spaces for walking, bicycling, recreation and outdoor commerce to accommodate requirements for ...physical distancing. These interventions often involved the reallocation of street space dedicated to cars to facilitate active mobility. While research on efforts to adapt street space during the pandemic is burgeoning, there has yet to be an in-depth analysis of the motivations behind these responses. Our international qualitative study conducted a thematic review of existing research on active mobility responses to understand them better. Specifically, our review considered why responses were chosen (four motivations: risk reduction, impact mitigation, demand accommodation and opportunity) and how they were implemented (four typologies: opportunism, crisis reaction, business-as-usual was also a crisis and agility). Opportunism was most common both as motivation and typology of approach. However, elements of the other motivations and approach typologies were critical for developing and implementing responses that more directly addressed community needs and concerns during the crisis. Our findings help inform the work of transportation professionals to make cities more resilient by building their capacity to respond quickly and equitably to future disruptions and ongoing crises.
This study summarizes the evidence from quantitative systematic reviews that assessed the association between urban environment attributes and physical activity. It also documents sociopolitical ...barriers and facilitators involved in urban interventions linked with active living in the ten most populated urban settings of Latin America. The synthesis of evidence indicates that several attributes of urban environments are associated with physical activity, including land-use mix and cycling infrastructure. The documentary analysis indicated that despite the benefits and opportunities provided by the programs and existing infrastructure in the examined cities, an overall concern is the rising inequality in the coverage and distribution of the initiatives in the region. If these programs and initiatives are to achieve a real population level effect that helps to reduce health disparities, they need to examine their social and spatial distribution within the cities so they can reach underserved populations and develop to their full potential.
•Most research on physical activity and the environment was in high income countries.•There is an unequal distribution of supportive urban environments in Latin American.•The Ciclovia program may offset urban inequalities existing in public green areas.•Strong civil society leadership is needed for sustainable policy and programs.
Modular Footbridges of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth Andrade Pardo, Sofía; Lamus Báez, Fabián Augusto; Urazán Bonells, Carlos Felipe
Key Engineering Materials,
10/2015, Letnik:
668
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In South America, especially in the Andean region, many communities are isolated and their development is limited due to the difficulties in communicating with urban areas, because the lack of ...adequate road infrastructure. Most of this problem is due to economic issues and lack of attention from governments. Moreover, the Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua-a.) is a bamboo that grows in most of the Americas. This material has a resistance – weight ratio similar to structural steel also presenting additional benefits such as soil stabilization, flow regulation, and a high CO2 fixation rate to the ground. In addition the Guadua-a. growth cycle spans from 3 to 5 years. All of these makes the Guadua-a. in highly renewable material. This paper presents an alternative for the construction of Guadua-a. structural modules for pedestrian bridges, as a solution to the lack of infrastructure in village roads and even in suburban areas. In the proposed model, the bridge would be built by the community in a short time, taking advantage of existing Guadua-a. in the area, and establishing an industrialized cultivation of it, to enable them to have enough material for maintenance and replacement of sections as necessary. A numerical structural analysis was performed to determine the maximum possible span under load specifications from Colombian bridge building code. The results shows that a bridge up to 21m of span can be constructed using the module. The span can be increased drastically when the module is combined with wire-cable or an arc shaped configuration, however, the module was assessed to be used in straight truss bridges because this setting carries the largest loads on the elements. Real scale load tests were conducted on a full scale physical model of the module, the structural elements and the connection between the modules.
The article presents a general overview on COVID-19 transmission in the context of public transport, particularly applicable to decision making in Latin America. Based on recent findings on COVID-19 ...transmission and the relative importance of each factor (droplets, fomites, and aerosol routes) in such transmission, we seek to update the discussion on the topic that has generally been based on social distance as the only parameter for reducing the risk of transmission and broadens the vision to integrate ventilation, users’ behavior (mask and eye protection use, silence while in the transport system) and travel distance. Recommendations to improve mobility conditions reducing the risk of COVID-19 contagion are provided.
Este artículo presenta parte del trabajo realizado en el marco del programa Modural “Las prácticas de movilidad sostenible en las metrópolis de América Latina: estudio comparativo de Bogotá y Lima”, ...iniciado en enero de 2020. Modural es un programa internacional y pluridisciplinario financiado por la anr(Agencia Nacional de la Investigación de Francia). Está enfocado en estudiar las prácticas de movilidad sostenible en la situación específica de las periferias populares. El artículo tiene dos objetivos. Primero, evidenciar los patrones socio-espaciales de desigualdad de movilidad y las dificultades en las periferias en Lima y Bogotá. Segundo, presentar la metodología de selección de las zonas con mayor desventaja social y mayores dificultades de movilidad cotidiana.
Motorcycle use for utilitarian trips in Latin American cities has grown significantly in recent years. The researchers used qualitative methods to understand the motivations of motorcycle users that ...might contribute to this growth in six cities: Barranquilla, Bogotá (Colombia), São Paulo, Recife (Brazil), Caracas (Venezuela), and Buenos Aires (Argentina). Researchers used semi-structured interviews and focus groups to gather data from six categories of motorcycle users: motorcycle taxi drivers, motorcycle taxi users, motorcyclists for delivery, motorcyclists for private use, owners in the process of selling their motorcycles, and potential motorcyclists (those seeking to buy motorcycles). Common themes emerged across the six cities, including the time advantage that motorcycles offered versus deficient public transportation and congested auto traffic, the low cost of motorcycles versus other transport modes, the vulnerability of motorcyclists to traffic injury and death, and cultural aspects of motorcycle use. Policy implications include the need to make motorcycle travel safer and improve public transportation in Latin American cities.
•We carried out interviews and focus groups with urban motorcycle transport users.•Motorcycles offered participants important time and cost advantages.•Participants recognized the high risk of traffic injury and other health issues.•The research revealed important social aspects of motorcycle use.•Policy implications include the need to improve public transportation.
A new methodology for universal accessibility is proposed to identify barriers in public transport accessibility and travel experience. The methodology focuses on the travel experience of people with ...disabilities and people with temporary restrictions in physical mobility. The methodology not only focuses on aspects of the planning, design, and operation of public transport systems, but also emphasizes sensitive aspects of user experience, considering satisfaction and emotions. The methodology maps tavel experiences using ethnographic methods and provides a graphical depiction of the trip. This helps in identifying key elements for improving accessibility when planning, implementing, and operating public transport systems. The methodology has two parts: (i) traveling along and observing a complete and common trip of people with a permanent or temporary disability or mobility restrictions, and (ii) analyzing and observing the travel experience. The methodology was applied in Bogotá, Santiago de Chile, and Medellín. The results of the methodology allowed us to formulate policy recommendations to improve the transportation systems of these cities in the short, medium, and long term. The methodology is applicable to other transit systems.
This article presents part of the work carried out as part of the Modural programme "Sustainable mobility practices in Latin American metropolises: a comparative study of Bogotá and Lima", launched ...in January 2020. Modural is an international and multidisciplinary programme funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency). It focuses on the study of sustainable mobility practices of households living more specifically in deprived outskirts. This article has two objectives. First, to highlight the socio-spatial patterns of mobility inequalities in Lima and Bogotá and the transport problems that affect the outer districts. Second, to detail the methodology for selecting the most socially disadvantaged areas with the most difficult daily travel conditions. It is in these areas that 1600 household surveys will be implemented in the first half of 2022.
Este artículo presenta parte del trabajo realizado en el marco del programa Modural "Prácticas de movilidad sostenible en las metrópolis latinoamericanas: un estudio comparativo de Bogotá y Lima", iniciado en enero de 2020. Modural es un programa internacional y multidisciplinar financiado por la ANR (Agencia Nacional de Investigación francesa). Se centra en el estudio de las prácticas de movilidad sostenible de los hogares que residen más específicamente en las periferias populares. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, evidenciar las configuraciones socioespaciales de las desigualdades de movilidad en Lima y Bogotá y los problemas de transporte que afectan a las zonas periféricas. En segundo lugar, detallar la metodología de selección de las zonas socialmente más desfavorecidas y con condiciones de desplazamiento más difíciles a diario. En estas zonas se llevarán a cabo 1.600 encuestas a hogares en el primer semestre de 2022.
Cet article restitue une partie des travaux menés dans le cadre du programme Modural "Les pratiques de mobilité durable dans les métropoles latino-américaines : une étude comparative de Bogotá et Lima", lancé en janvier 2020. Modural est un programme international et multidisciplinaire financé par l'ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Il porte sur l'étude des pratiques de mobilité durable des ménages résidant plus spécifiquement dans les périphéries populaires. Cet article poursuit deux objectifs. Premièrement, mettre en évidence les configurations socio-spatiales des inégalités de mobilité à Lima et à Bogotá et les problèmes de transport qui concernent les quartiers excentrés. Deuxièmement, détailler la méthodologie de sélection des zones les plus défavorisées socialement et présentant les conditions de déplacements parmi les plus difficiles au quotidien. C'est dans ces zones que seront mises en œuvre 1600 enquêtes ménages au cours du premier semestre 2022.
Este artigo apresenta parte do trabalho realizado como parte do programa Modural "Práticas de mobilidade sustentável nas metrópoles da América Latina: um estudo comparativo de Bogotá e Lima", lançado em janeiro de 2020. O Modural é um programa internacional e multidisciplinar financiado pela ANR (Agência Nacional de Pesquisa da França). Concentra-se no estudo das práticas de mobilidade sustentável dos domicílios que residem mais especificamente nas periferias populares. Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiramente, destacar as configurações sócio-espaciais das desigualdades de mobilidade em Lima e Bogotá e os problemas de transporte que afetam as áreas periféricas. Em segundo lugar, detalhar a metodologia para selecionar as áreas socialmente mais desfavorecidas com as mais difíceis condições de locomoção. Nessas áreas, serão realizadas 1.600 pesquisas domiciliares na primeira metade de 2022.
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