The low-frequency susceptibility of six Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes with the same 61 filaments but different cross-sectional aspect ratios is measured at 77 K as a function of the amplitude of ...the perpendicularly applied field, Hm, using a carefully designed and calibrated high-field ac susceptometer with necessary sample-length corrections. The measured results are compared with two-dimensional calculations performed based on the critical state model with constant critical current density or the -1 internal susceptibility at low fields. It is shown that although the fill fraction is about 0.55 for the filament-containing core, the measured low-field agrees well with the calculated critical state when the core is assumed to be completely superconducting, when the aspect ratio of the core ranges from 13 to 32. This indicates a strong magnetostatic coupling among the filaments. The same coupling is theoretically shown to reduce the field where maximum occurs, . However, the experimental is much higher than that even without coupling when the transport critical current density is used for the model calculation. This suggests that ac magnetization arises from all superconducting grains and the links between them, whereas the transport current is limited by the filament cross-section where grains are the worst linked, and the great discrepancy between magnetic and transport results is a consequence of the non-uniformity of the superconducting structure of the tape. Therefore, transport critical current can be significantly improved by ensuring the uniformity of the grain links.
The sandstone known as "Piedra Dorada," or golden stone, is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction of many of the main historic buildings in the province of Jaén. Many examples ...can be found in the cities of Úbeda and Baeza, declared World Heritage Cities by UNESCO. A thorough characterization of their main varieties: "Viva," "Franca," and "Jabaluna" has been done. Original quarry materials as well as samples of monuments have been analyzed. In this study, we present a characterization of the mineralogical, textural, and geochemical features as well as the main physical properties of the varieties of "Piedra Dorada." Furthermore, this research investigates in-depth the main pathologies found in historic buildings in the cities mentioned above. We have established an order of quality of the varieties mentioned from the different parameters determined. We have also characterized the deterioration mechanisms amongst which are: biological colonization (lichens, algae, moss, and higher plants), an increase in capillary action, surface deposits (salts and black crust), and anthropic factors such as leaks into the sewer network, absence of covers and downspouts, etc. This study has allowed us to know in detail one of the most important construction stones of Andalusia in order to ensure its durability for future years.
Secondary metabolism, usually superfluous under laboratory conditions, is intrinsically elusive to genetic analysis of its regulation. We describe here a method of analyzing regulatory mutations ...affecting expression of secondary metabolic genes, with an Aspergillus nidulans penicillin structural gene (ipnA encoding isopenicillin N-synthase) as a model. The method is based on a targeted double integration of a lacZ fusion reporter gene in a chromosome different from that containing the penicillin gene cluster. The trans-acting regulatory mutations simultaneously affect lacZ expression and penicillin biosynthesis. One of these mutations (npeE1) has been analyzed in detail. This mutation is recessive, prevents penicillin production and ipnA'::'lacZ expression, and results in very low levels of the ipnA message at certain times of growth. This indicates that npeE positively controls ipnA transcription. We also show that this tandem reporter fusion allows genetic analysis of npcE1 by using the sexual and parasexual cycles and that lacZ expression is an easily scorable phenotype. Haploidization analysis established that npeE is located in chromosome IV, but npeE1 does not show meiotic linkage to a number of known chromosome IV markers. This method might be of general applicability to genetic analysis of regulation of other fungal secondary metabolic pathways
Effect of the activity in secondary transfer of DNA profiles Romero-García, C.; Rosell-Herrera, R.; Revilla, C.J. ...
Forensic science international. Genetics supplement series,
December 2019, 2019-12-00, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Secondary transfer occurs when DNA is transferred from one object, surface or person to another, via an intermediate object/person 1.
Currently, some lawyers are using the existence of this type of ...transfer as an argument to invalidate genetic analysis. In a recent case in Spain, the existence of secondary transfer was alleged from part of the defense to justify the presence of DNA of suspect on a specific object found in the crime scene.
In the present work, an attempt has been made to confirm the presence of a person's DNA in an object, via an intermediate person. To test the hypothesis we used individuals who are very often in contact, such as couples. It is intended to assess if, in those cases, it is possible to obtain a genetic profile after performing a current activity such as washing hands and dry with a towel. Two experiments were performed. First, the primary transfer was evaluated. We asked 10 people (5 men and 5 women) with different daily activities, to wash their hands with neutral pH soap, and then dry their hands with a specific towel.
In the second experiment, the secondary transfer was evaluated. Five couples were asked to hold their hands for 5 min. Then, they were asked to wash their hands with neutral pH soap, and dry them on a different towel each. This experiment was performed 3 times each pair. As a control, an unused piece of each towel was analysed, and saliva samples were taken from all participants, to perform genetic comparisons with the possible profiles found on the towels. DNA extracts were eluted out of the towels and genetic profiles were evaluated through the amplification of AmpFℓSTR®NGM SElect™Kit (Thermofisher™Scientific) kit markers.
Se describe en el presente trabajo el estudio del comportamiento agronómico proporcionado en cultivo de champiñón por sustratos de cobertura basados en mezclas de fibra de coco (CF) y compost agotado ...(SMS) en diferentes proporciones. Para ello, tras la caracterización física, química y biológica de los sustratos de cobertura, se evaluaron los parámetros de producción cualitativos y cuantitativos en un ciclo de cultivo de Agaricus bisporus. Se observó que al aumentar la proporción de SMS en las mezclas disminuyó el número de carpóforos cosechados y el rendimiento total, a la vez que se vio retrasada la cosecha de la primera florada, aunque tiende a aumentar el tamaño de los champiñones cosechados, que presentan mayor contenido en materia seca, mejor textura y peor coloración. Combinaciones de CF y SMS 4:1 y 3:2 (v/v) proporcionaron, respectivamente, eficiencias biológicas de 92,9 y 82,6 kg/100 kg compost, comparables a las proporcionadas por las coberturas empleadas como testigo. Aunque la elevada conductividad eléctrica de las mezclas con alta proporción de SMS suponen una limitación a su empleo, los resultados obtenidos muestran la viabilidad de la reintroducción del SMS de champiñón en nuevos ciclos de cultivo empleándolo como ingrediente de mezclas de cobertura. Esta aplicación constituye una alternativa a considerar en la producción comercial para reemplazar parcialmente a los sustratos orgánicos empleados habitualmente para este fin, con la doble ventaja de disminuir los costes de elaboración y el impacto ambiental.
The agronomic performance of different proportions of mixtures of coconut fibre (CF) pith and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was studied for their use as casing material in mushroom cultivation. After chemical and biological characterisation of the casing substrates qualitative and quantitative production parameters were evaluated in a cycle of Agaricus production. An increase in the proportion of SMS reduced the number of carpophores and overall yield; while the first flush was delayed, mushroom size tended to increase and the mushrooms had a higher dry matter content and a better texture, although their colour was worse. Combinations of CF pith and SMS of 4:1 and 3:2 (v/v) gave biological efficiencies of 92.9 and 82.6 kg/100 kg compost, respectively. These values compare well with that obtained from the commercial casings used as a control. The high electrical conductivity of the mixture containing the highest proportion of SMS would limit its use. However, the results indicate the viability of reusing SMS as an ingredient of casing material for mushroom cultivation. This alternative could be considered to partially replace the organic substrates normally used for mushroom cultivation, with the double advantage of decreasing cost and reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis is an important source of information about biogeographical mother lineage origin of the individuals. Furthermore, when we face up degraded DNA samples, many times ...mtDNA is the only source of genetic information. Even, sometimes, this genetic marker could provide information about kinship through maternal lineage.
This study is focused on 14 archaeological individuals from the Segobriga archaeological site (Saélices, Cuenca, central-eastern Spain). The relevance of Segobriga is that it has been occupied from the V century B.C. by different human populations throughout ten centuries; from the Roman Imperial period of the Iberian Peninsula, until the end of the Muslim period. So that, the 14 selected individuals belong to different periods within the total time of occupation of the site; concretely there were selected: five from the Muslim period, seven from Late Roman period, one Visigoth and one individual without a precise chronology assigned.
We have studied the HVI and HVII mitochondrial DNA regions, by the amplification of short overlapping fragments. The objectives of this analysis were: the search of the biogeographical origin of the individuals, and the establishment of comparisons among the different chronological groups, including nowadays population of the region, trying to evaluate the genetic contribution of the past populations in the current population.
We have obtained HVI and HVII regions mtDNA profiles in 8 of the 14 individuals, establishing their mtDNA haplogroup; and only partial HVII region mitochondrial DNA profiles in 5 of them. All the individuals shown typical European mtDNA haplogroups (H2a2a1g, H5, H5a, K, U5a, U5b1c, T2e, H), some of them with significant nowadays presence in Middle East (T2e, U5b1c, U5a and H5).
TiO
2 was prepared by the homogeneous hydrolysis precipitation method from titanium tetraisopropoxide. The decrease of surface area observed with the thermal treatment can be related to the growth of ...crystallites, and there is good correlation between the surface area and the mean crystallite dimension. The coexistence of the three different crystalline TiO
2 phases is clearly evidenced by the XRD and FT-Raman measurements.
En este trabajo se presenta una metodología geoestadística para el análisis de la distribución espacial de la calidad del agua en acuíferos subterráneos. El estudio se ha desarrollado a partir de ...datos de muestras hidroquímicas tomadas en diferentes puntos de la red de piezómetros perteneciente al acuífero de la Vega de Granada. Desde el punto de vista metodológico el estudio geoestadístico se ha realizado en varias etapas. En primer lugar, para cada punto experimental, se han calculado los valores experimentales de tres índices de calidad del agua, comparados en el estudio (ICG, P y CE). Seguidamente se han aplicado diferentes valores de corte a cada uno de los índices anteriores, para así obtener las correspondientes ¿variables indicatrices¿. Cada una de estas variables ha sido estimada por krigeaje de indicatriz para elaborar mapas de distribución espacial de isoprobabilidad. Finalmente, con los resultados obtenidos se ha estimado la función de distribución local de la calidad del agua, para cada uno de los índices, lo que ha permitido hacer un análisis espacial detallado de la calidad del agua en términos de probabilidad.
We characterize those Leavitt path algebras which are exchange rings in terms of intrinsic properties of the graph and show that the values of the stable rank for these algebras are 1, 2 or ∞. ...Concrete criteria in terms of properties of the underlying graph are given for each case.
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