Screening currents caused by varying magnetic fields degrade the homogeneity and stability of the magnetic fields created by REBCO coated conductor coils. They are responsible for the AC loss; which ...is also important for other power applications containing windings, such as transformers, motors and generators. Since real magnets contain coils exceeding 10000 turns, accurate modeling tools for this number of turns or above are necessary for magnet design. This article presents a fast numerical method to model coils with no loss of accuracy. We model a 10400-turn coil for its real number of turns and coils of up to 40000 turns with continuous approximation, which introduces negligible errors. The screening currents, the screening current induced field (SCIF) and the AC loss is analyzed in detail. The SCIF is at a maximum at the remnant state with a considerably large value. The instantaneous AC loss for an anisotropic magnetic-field dependent Jc is qualitatively different than for a constant Jc, although the loss per cycle is similar. Saturation of the magnetization currents at the end pancakes causes the maximum AC loss at the first ramp to increase with Jc. The presented modeling tool can accurately calculate the SCIF and AC loss in practical computing times for coils with any number of turns used in real windings, enabling parameter optimization.
En este estudio se analizaron los niveles de diversidad y estructura genética de 161 cerdos domésticos pertenecientes a tres poblaciones del departamento de Córdoba, mediante 20 marcadores ...microsatélites. Todos los microsatélites utilizados resultaron polimórficos. Para todos los loci, el valor promedio de la heterocigosidad esperada fue mayor al valor promedio de la heterocigosidad observada, lo cual puede sugerir una posible endogamia en el sistema de apareamiento. El índice FST (0,12 ± 0,08) mostró un 88% de la varianza en las frecuencias alélicas reportadas dentro de cada población y solo el 12% de la varianza atribuible a diferencias entre poblaciones. Los valores de FIS (0,079) y FIT (0,13), indican deficiencia de heterocigotos dentro de cada población y a nivel global. Desviaciones significativas del equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (*P<0,05) fueron observadas en ocho de los marcadores utilizados. El árbol Neighbor-Joining obtenido reveló que Momil estuvo más estrechamente relacionada con Cereté, mientras Tierralta se mostró más alejada. El análisis de componentes principales (ACoP) genera la individualización geográfica de cada población, siendo distante la población de Tierralta de las poblaciones Momil y Cereté, resultados similares a los obtenidos con la metodología Neighbor-Joining. El programa Structure con un K = 3, confirma la existencia de tres grupos o poblaciones distintas, generándose un patrón filogeográfico observado en la relación entre Momil, Cereté y Tierralta. Es importante señalar que son 3 grupos raciales diferentes, valiosos y deben conservarse.
Resumen Introducción El glioblastoma es el tumor cerebral más frecuente. A pesar de los avances en su tratamiento, el pronóstico sigue siendo pobre, con una supervivencia media en torno a los 14 ...meses. Los costes directos, aquellos asociados al diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad, han sido descritos ampliamente. Los costes indirectos, aquellos derivados de la pérdida de productividad debido a la enfermedad, han sido descritos en escasas ocasiones. Material y método Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo, incluyendo a los pacientes diagnosticados entre el 1 de enero del 2010 y el 31 de diciembre del 2013 de glioblastoma en el Hospital Universitario Donostia. Recogimos datos demográficos, relativos al tratamiento ofertado y la supervivencia. Calculamos los costes indirectos a través del método del capital humano, obteniendo datos de sujetos comparables según sexo y edad, y de mortalidad de la población general a través del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Los salarios pasados fueron actualizados a euros de 2015 según la tasa de inflación interanual y los salarios futuros fueron descontados en un 3,5% anual en forma de interés compuesto. Resultados Revisamos a 99 pacientes, 46 mujeres (edad media 63,53 años) y 53 hombres (edad media 59,94 años). En 29 pacientes se realizó una biopsia y en los 70 restantes se realizó una cirugía resectiva. La supervivencia global media fue de 18,092 meses. Los costes indirectos totales fueron de 11.080.762 € (2015). El coste indirecto medio por paciente fue de 111.926 € (2015). Discusión A pesar de que el glioblastoma es un tipo relativamente poco frecuente de tumor, que supone el 4% de todos los tipos de cáncer, su mal pronóstico y sus posibles secuelas generan una mortalidad y morbilidad desproporcionadamente altas. Esto se traduce en unos costes indirectos muy elevados. El clínico debe ser consciente del impacto del glioblastoma en la sociedad y los costes indirectos deben ser tenidos en cuenta en los estudios de coste-efectividad para conocer las consecuencias globales de esta enfermedad.
The current distribution, the magnetic field and the AC loss are numerically studied for pancake coils with up to 200 turns, taking into account the real thickness of the conductor and the magnetic ...interaction between the turns. All calculations assume the critical state model with a constant critical current density. The results show a slab-like current distribution, with the absence of magnetization currents due to the radial magnetic field. Consequently, longitudinal striation, with or without twisting, cannot reduce the self-field AC loss of this system. Finally, an analytical formula has been deduced for the AC loss at current amplitude: Im = Ic, where Ic is the critical current, for large mean coil radius and any number of turns.
Mushroom supplementation is an agronomic process which consists of the application of nutritional amendments to the substrates employed for mushroom cultivation. Different nitrogen and carbohydrate ...rich supplements have been evaluated in crops with a substantial impact on mushroom yield and quality; however, there is still controversy regarding the nutritional requirements of mushrooms and the necessity for the development of new commercial additives. The addition of external nutrients increases the productivity of some low-yielding mushroom varieties, and therefore is a useful tool for the industry to introduce new commercially viable varieties. Spent mushroom compost is a waste material that could feasibly be recycled as a substrate to support a new commercially viable crop cycle when amended with supplements. On the other hand, a new line of research based on the use of mushroom growth promoting microorganisms is rising above the horizon to supplement the native microbiota, which appears to cover nutritional deficiencies. Several supplements employed for the cultivated mushrooms and their agronomic potential in terms of yield and quality are reviewed in this paper as a useful guide to evaluate the nutritional requirements of the crop and to design new formulas for commercial supplementation.
Nutrizione in rianimazione Pardo, E.; Verdonk, F.
EMC - Anestesia-Rianimazione,
08/2023, Letnik:
28, Številka:
3
Journal Article
La nutrizione artificiale in terapia intensiva può fornire nutrienti ai pazienti che non possono mangiare o il cui apporto è insufficiente. La costituzione di un debito energetico e, soprattutto, ...proteico favorisce lo sviluppo di sequele funzionali che possono durare oltre la degenza ospedaliera. Una valutazione precisa dello stato nutrizionale deve essere effettuata al momento del ricovero in terapia intensiva utilizzando strumenti come i criteri della Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) e i punteggi Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) e Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (NUTRIC). Il fabbisogno energetico giornaliero deve essere misurato mediante calorimetria indiretta per determinare il dispendio energetico a riposo (DER). Le assunzioni sono inferiori al 70% del DER in fase acuta per poi raggiungere il 100% a partire dal giorno 4. In assenza di questa tecnologia, i target calorici e proteici sono stimati rispettivamente a 12-25 kcal/kg/die e a 1,3 g/kg/die. Nel soggetto obeso, è prescritta un’alimentazione isocalorica e iperproteica a partire dal peso aggiustato. Se l’assunzione orale è impossibile, deve essere avviata in prima intenzione una nutrizione enterale precoce (< 48 ore). In caso di controindicazione alla terapia enterale, può essere prescritta una terapia parenterale precoce nei pazienti a rischio nutrizionale (NUTRIC > 5). In caso di intolleranza digestiva alta, è indicata l’introduzione di un trattamento procinetico dopo verifica dell’intervallo QT. In caso di assunzione insufficiente (< 60% del target), una nutrizione parenterale complementare viene somministrata tra il 4̊ e il 7̊ giorno. Infine, un adeguato apporto proteico associato a esercizio fisico permette di migliorare la prognosi funzionale dei pazienti alla dimissione dalla terapia intensiva.
La realización de estudios sobre el estado de conservación previo a las intervenciones rehabilitadoras y restauradoras permite conocer y actuar de forma coherente sobre el patrimonio arquitectónico. ...En esta línea se ha llevado a cabo la investigación de localización gráfica de alteraciones, estudio puntual de materiales de alteración y medición de parámetros ambientales (T y H) en las yeserías del Oratorio de la Madraza de Granada, espacio singular por sus antecedentes históricos y constructivos. Los resultados obtenidos determinan el nivel de alteración y presencia de los diferentes deterioros, así como la justificación de las causas de alteración que los han motivado. Igualmente se valida la metodología seguida en este estudio, consistente en diversos protocolos sucesivos que facilitan la determinación de las intervenciones restauradoras. De igual manera este método puede ser extrapolable a otros edificios con alto nivel de protección patrimonial.
The present study analyses the health-promoting compounds of walnut oil and walnut defatted flour obtained using hydraulic pressing. To identify the cultivar effect, nine walnut varieties were ...harvested in the same plot for two years to control environmental and agricultural management effects on kernel chemical traits. Beyond the variability reported in the products obtained from the different cultivars analysed, the crop year showed a crucial effect in the nutritional value of walnut products. Specifically, the variability caused for the crop year in the concentration of oleic and linoleic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, tocopherols, proteins and essential minerals (K, Mg, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni) was greater that the reported for the genotype. These findings suggest that the nutritional value of walnut oil and walnut flour depends on the crop season largely than expected, even when average annual weather conditions are similar. As a result, focus must change in the study of cultivar effect on walnut products to a wider analysis of specific variables related to crop year conditions.
Display omitted
•9 walnut cultivars were included in a two year study.•Walnut oil and defatted flour obtained with an hydraulic press were analysed.•Fatty acids, proteins, antioxidants and essential minerals showed high variability.•The crop year influence the nutritional value of walnut products more than genotype.•Analysis of the effects of specific parameters on the crop year is needed.
This work presents a bibliographic review about almond kernel non-lipid components, in particular about the protein fraction, the carbohydrates and the mineral fraction. In addition, other ...fat-soluble phytochemicals which are present in minor concentrations but show important antioxidant activities are reviewed. Almond kernel is a rich protein food (8.4–35.1%), in which the globulin–albumin fraction dominates, followed by glutelins and prolamins. Within the almond kernel protein profile, amandine dominates. Free amino acids represent a small amount of the total nitrogen quantity, highlighting the presence of glutamic acid and aspartic acid, followed by arginine. Carbohydrates that appear in almond kernels (14–28%) are soluble sugars (mainly sucrose), starch and other polysaccharides such as cellulose and non-digestible hemicelluloses. Regarding the mineral elements, potassium is the most common, followed by phosphorus; both macronutrients represent more than 70% of the total mineral fraction, without taking into account nitrogen. Microminerals include sodium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. Within the phytochemical compounds, tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, stanols, sphingolipids, phospholipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols and volatile compounds can be found.
PDF
