We consider a method for finding partial solutions for the optimal motion problem of a space vehicle in a central Newtonian field on intermediate thrust arcs. This is the Lehmann-Filhés method based ...on knowing an incomplete integral of the Hamilton–Jacobi equations. With this method, we obtain a number of partial solutions that can be applied to solving practical problems of space flight mechanics. As an example, we solve the problem of rotating the axis of an elliptical orbit. We compare characteristic velocities necessary to rotate the axis of an elliptical orbit.
Background: Many patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL) fail to the front-line therapy and need an effective second-line chemotherapy.
Patients and methods: This was ...single-institutional, phase II study. The primary end point was response rate and secondary end points were toxicity, time to treatment failure (TTF), and overall survival (OS). Patients with relapsed or refractory NTCL were eligible. They received the chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone and it was repeated every 3 weeks.
Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled and 15 patients had achieved partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) after the front-line chemotherapy. The International Prognostic Index scores were 0–1 in thirteen, 2 in five, 3 in five, and 4–5 in nine patients. Twelve and two patients achieved CR and PR, respectively. Median OS and TTF of all patients were 8.2 and 3.7 months, respectively. Non-hematologic toxic effects were well tolerated, but grade 3/4 leukopenia occurred in 11.7% of all cycles. Four patients developed febrile neutropenia and one patient died due to pneumonia.
Conclusions: This chemotherapy regimen was moderately effective for relapsed/refractory extranodal NTCL, nasal type. Toxic effects were moderate, but caution should be exercised to prevent severe infection.
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major clinical problem during the perioperative period and occurs frequently after major hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Our laboratory ...previously demonstrated that exogenous A1 adenosine receptor activation protects against renal IRI by upregulation and phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27).
This study used mice overexpressing human HSP27 (huHSP27 OE) to determine whether these mice are protected against liver IRI.
After hepatic IR, the huHSP27 OE mice had significant protection against liver injury (reduced alanine transferase) and necrosis (hematoxylin-eosin staining) compared with the HSP27 WT mice. The huHSP27 OE mice also showed less induction of proinflammatory messenger RNA MIP-2, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and decreased apoptosis (caspase 3 fragmentation and DNA laddering) compared with the HSP27 WT mice. Finally, the huHSP27 OE mice showed significantly less disruption of filamentous actin in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi of the ischemic lobes compared with the HSP27 WT mice. Depletion of Kupffer cells with gadolinium chloride provided significant protection against liver IRI in HSP27 WT mice but not in huHSP27 OE mice suggesting that the overexpression of huHSP27 in the Kupffer cells may be responsible for the hepatic protection observed in huHSP27 OE mice.
Our results show that the overexpression of huHSP27 in Kupffer cells of the liver may be responsible for the protection against hepatic IRI in vivo by reducing necrosis and apoptosis and by stabilizing F-actin with subsequent reductions in inflammation and proinflammatory neutrophil infiltration. Harnessing the mechanisms of cytoprotection with HSP27 may lead to new therapies for the management of perioperative hepatic IRI.
In Drosophila, as in most insects, gustation is mediated by sensory hairs located on the external and internal parts of the proboscis and on the legs and wings. We describe in detail the organization ...and ultrastructure of the gustatory sensilla on the labellum and legs and the distribution of PBPRP2, a putative odorant-binding protein, in the gustatory organs of Drosophila. The labellum carries two kinds of sensilla: taste bristles and taste pegs. The former have the typical morphology of gustatory sensilla and can be further subdivided into three morphological subtypes, each with a stereotyped distribution and innervation. Taste pegs have a unique morphology and are innervated by two receptor cells: one mechanoreceptor and the other a putative chemoreceptor cell. PBPRP2 is abundantly expressed in all adult gustatory organs on labellum, legs, and wings and in the internal taste organs on the proboscis. In contrast to olfactory organs, where PBPRP2 is expressed in the epidermis, this protein is absent from the epidermis of labial palps and legs. In the taste bristles of the labellum and legs, PBPRP2 is localized in the crescent-shaped lumen of the sensilla, and not in the lumen where the dendrites of the gustatory neurons are found, making a function in stimulus transport unlikely in these sensilla. In contrast, PBPRP2 in peg sensilla is expressed in the inner sensillum-lymph cavity and is in contact with the dendrites. Thus, PBPRP2 could be involved as a carrier for hydrophobic ligands, e.g., bitter tastants, in these sensilla.
We previously demonstrated that bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes promote adipogenic gene expression in muscle satellite cells in a co-culture system. Herein we hypothesize that saturated fatty acids ...would promote adipogenic/lipogenic gene expression, whereas mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids would have the opposite effect. Bovine semimembranosus satellite cells (BSC) and intramuscular preadipocytes (IPA) were isolated from crossbred steers and cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and 1% antibiotics during the 3-d proliferation period. After proliferation, cells were treated for 3 d with 3% horse serum/DMEM (BSC) or 5% FBS/DMEM (IPA) with antibiotics. Media also contained 10 μg/mL insulin and 10 μg/mL pioglitazone. Subsequently, differentiating BSC and IPA were cultured in their respective media with 40 μM palmitic, stearic, oleic, or linoleic acid for 4 d. Finally, BSC and IPA were single- or co-cultured for an additional 2 h. All fatty acid treatments increased (p = 0.001) carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 beta (CPT1β) gene expression, but the increase in CPT1β gene expression was especially pronounced in IPA incubated with palmitic and stearic acid (6- to 17- fold increases). Oleic and linoleic acid decreased (p = 0.001) stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression over 80% in both BSC and IPA. Conversely, palmitic and stearic acid increased SCD gene expression three fold in co-cultured in IPA, and stearic acid increased AMPKα gene expression in single- and co-cultured BSC and IPA. Consistent with our hypothesis, saturated fatty acids, especially stearic acid, promoted adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression, whereas unsaturated fatty acids decreased expression of those genes associated with fatty acid metabolism.
Plant engineering is carried out in planning, engineering, procurement, construction, operation & maintenance (O&M) processes. A large number of deliverables are generated at each stage. These ...deliverables are submitted as as-built deliverables during the transition from Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) stage to O&M stage. Once the as-built deliverables are verified, they are handed(turned) over to the O&M phase. South Korea is one of the first countries that managed the configuration of its nuclear power plants. However, an issue has been raised with the possibility of data loss, resulting from the lack of data interconnectivity in the information system for configuration management. In order to address this issue, it is necessary to trace the configuration information between varied as-built deliverables. In this study, we reviewed the traceability to improve the safety and reliability for the O&M of nuclear power plants. In particular, we propose a new process that improves the traceability between as-built drawings, the most important part of as-built deliverables, through a practical example.
Here, we present a measurement of angular observables and a test of lepton flavor universality in the B → K*ℓ+ℓ- decay, where ℓ is either e or μ . The analysis is performed on a data sample ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711fb-1 containing 772×106 B B ¯ pairs, collected at the Υ ( 4S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy e+e- collider KEKB. The finding is consistent with standard model (SM) expectations, where the largest discrepancy from a SM prediction is observed in the muon modes with a local significance of 2.6σ .
Much research has been conducted to simulate the hydroplaning phenomenon of tires by using commercial explicit FEM (finite element method) codes such as MSC.Dytran and LS-DYNA. However, it takes a ...long time to finish such a simulation because its model has a great number of Lagrangian and Eulerian elements, and a contact should be defined between the two different types of elements. The simulation results of the lift force and the contact force are very oscillatory. Thus, in this study a new methodology was proposed for the hydroplaning simulation by using two separate mathematical models. An FDM (finite difference method) code was developed to solve Navier-Stokes and continuity equations and to obtain the pressure distribution around a tire with the inertial and viscous effects of water taken into account. An FE tire model was used to obtain the deformed shape of the tire due to the vertical load and the pressure distribution. The two models were iteratively used until a converged pressure distribution was obtained. Since the converged pressure distribution could not be obtained near or at the contact zone due to very shallow water, an asymptotic method was also proposed to estimate the pressure distribution. This new simulation methodology was applied to a straight-grooved tire, and its hydroplaning speed was finally determined for a water depth of 5
mm
, 10
mm
, 15
mm
and 20
mm
. Moreover, a new simulation methodology using LS-DYNA was proposed, and the two methodologies were compared in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
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