Background
With improved short-term surgical outcomes, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy has rapidly gained popularity. However, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) has ...not yet been proven due to the difficulty of the technique. This single-arm prospective multi-center study was conducted to evaluate the use of LTG for clinical stage I gastric cancer.
Methods
Between October 2012 and January 2014, 170 patients with pathologically proven, clinical stage I gastric adenocarcinoma located at the proximal stomach were enrolled. Twenty-two experienced surgeons from 19 institutions participated in this clinical trial. The primary end point was the incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality at postoperative 30 days. The severity of postoperative complications was categorized according to Clavien–Dindo classification, and the incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality was compared with that in a historical control.
Results
Of the enrolled patients, 160 met criteria for inclusion in the full analysis set. Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates reached 20.6% (33/160) and 0.6% (1/160), respectively. Fifteen patients (9.4%) had grade III or higher complications, and three reoperations (1.9%) were performed. The incidence of morbidity after LTG in this trial did not significantly differ from that reported in a previous study for open total gastrectomy (18%).
Conclusions
LTG performed by experienced surgeons showed acceptable postoperative morbidity and mortality for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer.
As rechargeable battery technology continues to advance, the development of advanced electrode materials is becoming increasingly crucial to meet the emerging demand for electrochemical energy ...storage devices with higher energy and power densities. However, progress in anode materials has been sluggish and graphite is still widely applied in commercial rechargeable batteries. Alloying and conversion reaction‐based anode materials, including Si, Sn, metal oxides, and metal chalcogenides, have been widely investigated as they exhibit much higher theoretical capacities than carbonaceous materials. However, they exhibit several intrinsic limitations, such as large volume change, low electrical conductivity, and high voltage hysteresis. Recently, the construction of heterostructures for anode materials has received increasing attention as it is an effective strategy to greatly enhance the capacity and rate performance by forming built‐in electric fields at the heterointerfaces, which can lower the activation energy for surface reactions. This review introduces the recent progress in the development of heterostructured anode materials with an emphasis on metal compounds with multiple anions and various interpretations of the origin of their superior electrochemical properties in rechargeable alkali‐ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) batteries. The challenges and future outlook of advanced heterostructured anode materials research are discussed at the end of this review.
Construction of heterostructured anode materials for alkali‐ion (Li+, Na+, and K+) batteries is a highly effective strategy for improving the overall electrochemical properties, which leads to batteries with high energy and power densities. In this review, the recent progress and future prospects of the development of heterostructured anodes with multiple anions are discussed in detail.
Purpose of Review
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which is still largely unknown. Overwhelming evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is ...a central factor in PD pathophysiology. Here we review recent developments around mitochondrial dysfunction in familial and sporadic PD, with a brief overview of emerging therapies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.
Recent Findings
Increasing evidence supports the critical role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of sporadic PD, while the involvement of familial PD-related genes in the regulation of mitochondrial biology has been expanded by the discovery of new mitochondria-associated disease loci and the identification of their novel functions.
Summary
Recent research has expanded knowledge on the mechanistic details underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, with the discovery of new therapeutic targets providing invaluable insights into the essential role of mitochondria in PD pathogenesis and unique opportunities for drug development.
As communication systems that employ millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands must use large antenna arrays to overcome the severe propagation loss of mmWave signals, hybrid beamforming has been ...considered as an integral component of mmWave communications. Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been proposed as an innovative technology that can significantly improve the performance of mmWave communication systems through the use of low-cost passive reflecting elements. In this paper, we study IRS-aided mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with hybrid beamforming architectures. We first exploit the sparse-scattering structure and large dimension of mmWave channels to develop the joint design of IRS reflection matrix and hybrid beamformer for narrowband MIMO systems. Then, we generalize the proposed joint design to broadband MIMO systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation by leveraging the angular sparsity of frequency-selective mmWave channels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed joint designs can significantly enhance the spectral efficiency of the systems of interest and achieve superior performance over the existing designs.
Porous FeS nanofibers with numerous nanovoids for use as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent sulfidation. The post-treatment of the as-spun ...Fe（acac）3-polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers in an air atmosphere yielded hollow Fe2O3 nanofibers due to Ostwald ripening. The ultrafine Fe2O3 nanocrystals formed at the center of the fiber diffused toward the outside of the fiber via Ostwald ripening. On sulfidation, the Fe2O3 hollow nanofibers were transformed into porous FeS nanofibers, which contained numerous nanovoids. The formation of porosity in the FeS nanofibers was driven by nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion. The porous FeS nanofibers were very structurally stable and had superior sodium-ion storage properties compared with the hollow Fe2O3 nanofibers. The discharge capacities of the porous FeS nanofibers for the Ist and 150th cycles at a current density of 500 mA.g-1 were 561 and 592 mA.h-g-1, respectively. The FeS nanofibers had final discharge capacities of 456, 437, 413, 394, 380, and 353 mA-h.g-1 at current densities of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 A.g-1, respectively.
Lithium-rich layered transition metal oxide positive electrodes offer access to anion redox at high potentials, thereby promising high energy densities for lithium-ion batteries. However, anion redox ...is also associated with several unfavorable electrochemical properties, such as open-circuit voltage hysteresis. Here we reveal that in Li
Ni
Co
Mn
O
, these properties arise from a strong coupling between anion redox and cation migration. We combine various X-ray spectroscopic, microscopic, and structural probes to show that partially reversible transition metal migration decreases the potential of the bulk oxygen redox couple by > 1 V, leading to a reordering in the anionic and cationic redox potentials during cycling. First principles calculations show that this is due to the drastic change in the local oxygen coordination environments associated with the transition metal migration. We propose that this mechanism is involved in stabilizing the oxygen redox couple, which we observe spectroscopically to persist for 500 charge/discharge cycles.
Activated macrophages have the potential to be ideal targets for imaging inflammation. However, probe selectivity over non-activated macrophages and probe delivery to target tissue have been ...challenging. Here, we report a small molecule probe specific for activated macrophages, called CDg16, and demonstrate its application to visualizing inflammatory atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Through a systematic transporter screen using a CRISPR activation library, we identify the orphan transporter Slc18b1/SLC18B1 as the gating target of CDg16.
Ionogels are good candidates for flexible electronics owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, including stretchability, high conductivity, and stability. In this study, ...conducting ionogels comprising a double network (DN) of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N′‐diethylacrylamide)/chitosan which are further reinforced by the ionic and covalent crosslinking of the chitosan network by tripolyphosphate and glutaraldehyde, respectively, are prepared. Based on their excellent mechanical properties and high conductivity, the developed DN ionogels are envisioned as stretchable ionic conductors for extremely stretchable alternating‐current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices. The ACEL device fabricated with the developed ionogel exhibits stable working operation under an ultrahigh elongation of over 1200% as well as severe mechanical deformations such as bending, rolling, and twisting. Furthermore, the developed ACEL devices also display stable luminescence over 1000 stretch/release cycles or at temperatures as harsh as 200 °C.
A super stretchable electroluminescent device is successfully fabricated with double‐network ionogel as a soft electrode owing to its excellent mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity. The fabricated device exhibits extremely stable light‐emitting operation even at high elongation as well as demonstrating mechanical, electrical, and thermal stability, which can be applied to new types of stretchable light display and sensors.
The robust stabilization method via the dynamic surface control (DSC) is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown time delays in parametric strict-feedback form. That is, the DSC ...technique is extended to state time delay nonlinear systems with linear parametric uncertainties. The proposed control system can overcome not only the problem of ldquoexplosion of complexityrdquo inherent in the backstepping design method but also the uncertainties of the unknown time delays by choosing appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. In addition, we prove that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly bounded. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.
Novel carbon‐based microporous nanoplates containing numerous heteroatoms (H‐CMNs) are fabricated from regenerated silk fibroin by the carbonization and activation of KOH. The H‐CMNs exhibit superior ...electrochemical performance, displaying a specific capacitance of 264 F/g in aqueous electrolytes, a specific energy of 133 Wh/kg, a specific power of 217 kW/kg, and a stable cycle life over 10000 cycles.
PDF
