In a randomized trial of imaging-guided or angiography-guided PCI for complex coronary lesion revascularization procedures, imaging-guided PCI led to a lower risk of target-vessel failure than ...angiography-guided PCI.
In this study, trimethylsilyl azide (C
3
H
9
N
3
Si, hereafter denoted as TSA) is used as an efficient electrolyte additive in Li-metal batteries. Along with a LiF-rich compound, the addition of 0.1 ...M TSA to fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolytes not only induces the formation of a conductive solid-electrolyte interphase layer on the Li-metal surface but also allows the formation of a dense Li-deposit morphology; hence, it greatly enhances the Li plating-stripping reaction kinetics. Upon using the 0.1 M TSA additive, a practical Li/full concentration gradient LiNi
0.73
Co
0.10
Mn
0.15
Al
0.02
O
2
(FCG73) battery exhibits outstanding long-term cycling stability over 300 cycles and fast charge-discharge capability at a practical level.
The addition of trimethylsilyl azide (C
3
H
9
N
3
Si) to FEC-based electrolytes enhances Li-metal stability and thus it enables the outstanding cycling stability of Li-metal battery at a practical level.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue treatment effects of nonextraction therapy using the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) to those of premolar ...extraction (PE) treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalographs of 40 adult patients with Class II malocclusion were retrospectively analyzed. The MCPP group comprised 20 patients treated with total arch distalization of the maxillary arch while the PE group comprised 20 patients treated with four PE. Fifty-eight linear and angular measurements were analyzed to assess the changes before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the treatment effects within and between the two groups. Results: The MCPP group presented 3.4 mm of retraction, 1.0 mm of extrusion, and $7.3^{\circ}$ lingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor. In comparison, the PE group displayed greater amount of maxillary central incisor retraction and retroclination, mandibular incisor retraction, and upper lip retraction (5.3 mm, $14.8^{\circ}$, 5.1 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). In addition, the MCPP group showed 4.0 mm of distalization and 1.3 mm of intrusion with $2.9^{\circ}$ distal tipping of the maxillary first molars. Conclusions: These findings suggest the MCPP is an effective distalization appliance in the maxillary arch. The amount of incisor retraction, however, was significantly higher in the PE group. Therefore, four PE may be recommended when greater improvement of incisor position and soft-tissue profile is required.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) encapsulation technique has long been emerged in tissue engineering as it plays an important role in implantation of stem cells to regenerate a damaged tissue. MSC ...encapsulation provides a mimic of a three-dimensional (3D) in vivo environment to maintain cell viability and to induce the stem cell differentiation which regulates MSC fate into multi-lineages. Moreover, the 3D matrix surrounding MSCs protects them from the human innate immune system and allows the diffusion of biomolecules such as oxygen, cytokines, and growth factors. Therefore, many technologies are being developed to create MSC encapsulation platforms with diverse materials, shapes, and sizes. The conditions of the platform are determined by the targeted tissue and translation method. This review introduces several details of MSC encapsulation technologies such as micromolding, electrostatic droplet extrusion, microfluidics, and bioprinting and their application for tissue regeneration. Lastly, some of the challenges and future direction of MSC encapsulation technologies as a cell therapy-based tissue regeneration method will be discussed.
Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) update 2023 proposed new definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD exacerbation. However, an ...agreement on the definitions has not been made, either internationally or domestically. This study aimed to reach an agreement between experts on the new definitions of COPD and COPD exacerbation in South Korea.
Methods: A modified Delphi method was used to make an agreement on the definitions of COPD and COPD exacerbation proposed by the GOLD update 2023. We performed two rounds of the survey including 15 Korean experts on COPD, asthma, and tuberculosis.
Results: More than two-thirds of the experts agreed on 12 of the 13 statements related to the definitions of COPD and COPD exacerbation in the two rounds of the survey. The experts agreed on the definitions of COPD and COPD exacerbation that should be revised in line with the definitions proposed by the GOLD update 2023. However, the experts showed an uncertain opinion on the statement that the definition of COPD includes patients with persistent airflow obstruction due to bronchiectasis.
Conclusion: Based on this Delphi survey, experts’ agreement was made on the definitions of COPD and COPD exacerbation proposed by the GOLD update 2023.
•The density of inclusions was high in an order of DP, TWIP, and TRIP steels.•TRIP and TWIP steels exhibited complex inclusions as well as single inclusions.•DP steel had the lowest resistance to ...pitting corrosion.•Initial pits occurred at the MnS particles of complex inclusions in TRIP steel.•Initial pits formed at the Mn oxy-sulfide of complex inclusions in TWIP steel.
The type and size of inclusions and their pitting corrosion behavior in dual-phase (DP), transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels were investigated. Whereas DP steel had single MnS inclusions, TRIP and TWIP steels had the complex inclusions of MnS and Al2O3, and MnS and Mn oxy-sulfide, respectively. TWIP steel had the most wide size distribution and the largest average size of inclusions. DP steel exhibited the lowest resistance to pitting corrosion due to the high density of inclusions. MnS inclusions in TRIP steel and Mn oxy-sulfide inclusions in TWIP steel acted as a galvanic anode in complex inclusions.
Viral diseases in squash are damaging during the early stages of development and cause loss of crop yield and economic value. To reduce the damage caused by viral diseases, resistant cultivars should ...be bred. The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between virus resistance and a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). To do this, the bHLH transcription factor, known to be related to virus resistance, was isolated and analyzed using C. pepo individuals that were resistant or susceptible to zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). The results showed that a three bp (GAC) deletion in the nucleotide sequences were found in the regulatory region of the CpbHLH gene in susceptible lines. It was confirmed that the deletion region was located near the binding site of the MYB transcription factor associated with the bHLH gene. It could be hypothesized that the susceptibility of susceptible lines may have been due to the lack of important sequences near the transcription factor binding region due to the deletion in the regulatory region, thus suppressing the expression of the gene. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the expression level of the bHLH gene in resistant lines was 2.17 times higher than in susceptible lines.
For the application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to optoelectronic nanodevices, it is of critical importance to understand the mechanisms which result in novel phenomena of their light ...absorption/emission. Here, we present size-dependent shape/edge-state variations of GQDs and visible photoluminescence (PL) showing anomalous size dependences. With varying the average size (d a) of GQDs from 5 to 35 nm, the peak energy of the absorption spectra monotonically decreases, while that of the visible PL spectra unusually shows nonmonotonic behaviors having a minimum at d a = ∼17 nm. The PL behaviors can be attributed to the novel feature of GQDs, that is, the circular-to-polygonal-shape and corresponding edge-state variations of GQDs at d a = ∼17 nm as the GQD size increases, as demonstrated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
이 연구는 딥러닝기반 모션인식기술(Deep Learning Motion Recognize : DLMR)에 적용할 성인들의 걷기 속도별 에너지 소비량을 산출하여, DLMR 기술에 적용할 성인들의 성별과 연령대별 에너지 소비량 추정공식(회귀식)을 산출하여 적용하는 데 목적이 있다. 첫째, 성별과 연령대별 에너지 소비량 추정공식을 산출을 위해 20-60대로 ...구성된 총 300명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며, 간접연량추정 운동부하검사 측정기계를 이용하여 가스 교환율을 근거로 에너지소비량(kcal)을 산출하였다. 둘째, 웨어러블과 DLMR의 신체활동량(거리, 속도) 타당도 및 에너지소비량 추정치 비교를 위해서 20-60대로 구성된 총30명의 연구대상을 선정하였으며, DLMR이 부착된 룸에서 직사각형(6m)바닥을 웨어러블(미밴드, S사 기어, S사 헬스)기기를 착용하여 측정하였다. 모든 자료처리는 SPSS Ver 21.0과 MS-Excel을 사용하였으며, 교차타당도를 위해서 모형생성과 검증데이터 비율은 7:3을 적용하였다. 모든 통계적 유의수준은 0.05로 설정하였다. 각 연령대(20대-60대), 성별(남성, 여성)에 따른 에너지 소비량 다중회귀분석 결과 에너지소비량 총 변화량을 걷기속도의 점수로 설명할 수 있었다. 또한 DLMR에서 산출된 에너지 소비량 추정치와 웨어러블로 산출된 에너지소비량의 비교시 DLMR의 타당도가 타 웨어러블 검사도구보다 높게 산출되었으며, DLMR로 측정한 신체활동 거리와 실제 신체활동 거리는 보통의 정적상관과 높은 급내상관이 나타났다(p<0.05). 성별, 연령대, 걷기 속도별에 따른 추정된 에너지 소비량의 신뢰성 및 타당성은 검증이 되었다.
The purpose of this study was to develop a walking energy expenditure estimation equation accroding to sex and age in adults, using walking speeds from 0.1 km/h to 6.4km/h, to be applied to Deep Learning Motion Recognition (DLMR). First, a total of 300participants (150 men) between 20-60 years of age were selected in Seoul, South Korea. Energy expenditure (kcal) was calculated based on gas exchange ration by using indirect calorimetry (graded exercise test; GXT, Quark b2, Cosmed, Italy). Next, 30 participants(15 men) between 20-60 years of age were selected for determining the valdity of physical activity amount assessment (distance, pace) using a wearble device (MIband, S brand gear, S brand healthm Seoul, South Korea) and DLMR. A comparison of energy expenditure measurement was mad between the two divices while walking along a 6-meter rectangle of the floor. All data were processed using SPSS ver 21.0 (IBM corp., Armonk, MY, USA) and Excel in Microsoft® Office 2016(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). The ration of model markup and validation data for cross valdity was set to 7:3 The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05 DLMR mmeasurement of energy according to sex, age, and walking pace was shown to be val id and reilable, indicating that the application of DLMR for this purpose is feasible, Furthemore, the energy expenditure regression equation after adding of body mass index and age as independent varialbes contributed to maxmize reliability.
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