Wearable electronics are emerging as a platform for next‐generation, human‐friendly, electronic devices. A new class of devices with various functionality and amenability for the human body is ...essential. These new conceptual devices are likely to be a set of various functional devices such as displays, sensors, batteries, etc., which have quite different working conditions, on or in the human body. In these aspects, electronic textiles seem to be a highly suitable possibility, due to the unique characteristics of textiles such as being light weight and flexible and their inherent warmth and the property to conform. Therefore, e‐textiles have evolved into fiber‐based electronic apparel or body attachable types in order to foster significant industrialization of the key components with adaptable formats. Although the advances are noteworthy, their electrical performance and device features are still unsatisfactory for consumer level e‐textile systems. To solve these issues, innovative structural and material designs, and novel processing technologies have been introduced into e‐textile systems. Recently reported and significantly developed functional materials and devices are summarized, including their enhanced optoelectrical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the remaining challenges are discussed, and effective strategies to facilitate the full realization of e‐textile systems are suggested.
Wearable electronics are emerging as a platform for next‐generation, human‐friendly, electronic devices. Consequently, a new class of devices with various functionality and amenability for the human body is essential. Here, reported and developed functional materials and devices are summarized, and the remaining challenges are discussed, suggesting effective strategies to facilitate the full realization of e‐textile systems.
Background
Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) following liver transplantation is a serious complication that may lead to graft loss and ultimately death. Retransplantation and surgical recanalization ...for HAT have traditionally been the predominant methods of treatment. However, with the development of endovascular therapies, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, thrombolysis, and stent insertion, these methods are now mainly used because they allow prompt management.
Methods
From January 2005 to December 2018, 756 patients underwent liver transplantation at our institution, and 14 of those patients developed early HAT. All patients underwent endovascular arteriography immediately after the diagnosis of thrombosis. We retrospectively reviewed the 14 patients with HAT.
Results
Hepatic artery thrombosis following liver transplantation occurred in 14 patients (1.9%) within 1 month after transplantation. The final success rate of radiological intervention was 71.4% (n = 10). Of the four patients in whom intravenous procedures failed, two ultimately underwent retransplantation and one patient underwent surgical revision of the hepatic artery. Bleeding and rebound thrombosis after the intervention occurred in three patients (21.4%) and four patients (28.6%), respectively.
Conclusion
Endovascular procedures can be safe and provide prompt recovery in early HAT patients following liver transplantation to prevent graft loss and patient mortality despite the presence of hemorrhage and rebound thrombosis. Immediate endovascular procedure after the end of the transplantation is also necessary in intraoperatively developed HAT instead of several trials of arterial anastomoses to revascularization.
Highlight
Park and colleagues retrospectively reviewed 14 cases of hepatic artery thrombosis following living donor liver transplantation in 756 patients at a single center over 14 years. The salient finding is that immediate endovascular procedures even within 24 hours of transplantation are feasible as initial treatment before surgical revision or retransplantation.
Background
The aim of the present study was to compare the prognostic impact of anatomic resection (AR) versus non‐anatomic resection (NAR) on patient survival after resection of a single ...hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
To control for confounding variable distributions, a 1‐to‐1 propensity score match was applied to compare the outcomes of AR and NAR. Among 710 patients with a primary, solitary HCC of <5.0 cm in diameter that was resectable by either AR or NAR from 2003 to 2007 in Japan and Korea, 355 patients underwent NAR and 355 underwent AR of at least one section with complete removal of the portal territory containing the tumor.
Results
Overall survival (OS) was better in the AR than NAR group (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.28–2.19, P < 0.001) while disease‐free survival showed no significant difference. Significantly fewer patients in the AR than NAR group developed intrahepatic HCC recurrence and multiple intrahepatic recurrences. Patients with poorly differentiated HCC who underwent AR had improved disease‐free survival and OS.
Conclusions
Anatomic resection decreases the risk of tumor recurrence and improves OS in patients with a primary, solitary HCC of <5.0 cm in diameter.
HighlightKaibori and colleagues compared the post‐hepatectomy outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent anatomic resection or non‐anatomic resection using combined data from Japan and Korea. Anatomic resection decreases the risk of tumor recurrence and improves overall survival in patients with a primary, solitary hepatocellular carcinoma <5.0 cm in diameter.
A sulfamidate-based stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-preussin has been developed. The key step involves a gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrative amination of sulfamate esters tethered to ...allylic alcohols, which allows for the construction of the cyclic sulfamidate with high stereoselectivity. Further manipulation to highly constrained bicyclic sulfamidate and the following ring-opening process afford 3-hydroxypyrrolidine motif stereoselectively. The energy of the constrained bicyclic ring system is relieved by the subsequent ring-opening process, which leads to a stereoselective formation of the 3-hydroxypyrrolidine motif under mild reaction conditions. The success of this approach not only provides a new method for the total synthesis of enantiomerically pure (+)-preussin but also highlights the synthetic utility of sulfamidates in constructing valuable natural product architectures.
Zinc-ion batteries are emerging as next-generation rechargeable batteries that can operate in aqueous electrolytes. We first examine the feasibility of open-structured VO2(B) as a Zn2+ intercalation ...host. A bond-valence sum energy map predicts that four Zn2+-ion sites (ZnC, ZnA1, ZnA2, and ZnC′) can exist in the structure. Using first-principles calculations, we verified that 0.5 mol of Zn2+ ions can be reversibly (de)intercalated with an average voltage of ∼0.61 V (vs Zn2+/Zn), which is comparable with the experimental results. The specific capacity of VO2(B) at 50 mA g–1 is maintained up to ∼365 mAh g–1 corresponding to the storage capacity of ∼0.57 mol of Zn2+ ions in the framework of VO2(B), and its redox reaction occurs at ∼0.61 V. The high capacity is maintained for 200 cycles, with capacity retention of 80% (288 mAh g–1). Moreover, the capacity delivered by the VO2(B) electrode is stable even with cycling at a rate of 5C (1750 mA g–1) at approximately 110 mAh g–1. This high-power capability of VO2 is supported by the theoretical approach based on first-principles calculation, which shows the activation barrier for Zn2+ diffusion in the VO2(B) structure. These findings demonstrate the potential of open-structured VO2(B) as a new candidate material.
Emulation of diverse electronic devices on textile platform is considered as a promising approach for implementing wearable smart electronics. Of particular, the development of multifunctional ...polymeric fibers and their integration in common fabrics have been extensively researched for human friendly wearable platforms. Here we report a successful emulation of multifunctional body-motion sensors and user-interface (UI) devices in textile platform by using in situ polymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated fibers. With the integration of PEDOT fibers in a fabric, via an optimization of the fiber pattern design, multifunctional textile sensors such as highly sensitive and reliable strain sensors (with maximum gauge factor of ∼1), body-motion monitoring sensors, touch sensors, and multilevel strain recognition UI devices were successfully emulated. We demonstrate the facile utilization of the textile-based multifunctional sensors and UI devices by implementing in a wireless system that is capable of expressing American Sign Language through predefined hand gestures.
An efficient synthesis protocol for cyclic sulfamidates has been developed via catalytic intramolecular cyclizations of sulfamate esters tethered to allylic alcohols. The reactions proceed smoothly ...at room temperature in the presence of (IPr)AuCl (5 mol%) and AgBF4 (5 mol%). This protocol features good to excellent yields, high selectivity, broad substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions. This method is also applicable to the synthesis of a seven‐membered sulfamidate.
The energy harvesting interface circuit is proposed for wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (WD-TENG). To extract power from the WD-TENG maximally and deliver power to the output (battery) ...efficiently, a rectifier-reusing bias-flip (RRBF) technique and a multi-phase reconfigurable switched-capacitor converter (MRSCC) are developed. In the RRBF, the low-side switches of the rectifier are reused as switches for bias-flip without additional components. The MRSCC delivers power to the battery efficiently by reducing switching loss including overlap loss. Furthermore, the MRSCC maintains a rectified voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{RECT}</tex-math></inline-formula>) as high as a breakdown voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">V_{BR}</tex-math></inline-formula>) of a switch by adaptive conversion control and multi-phase operation to extract maximized power from the WD-TENG in a given process, even if the battery voltage is varied from 2.7 V to 4.2 V. Owing to the proposed techniques, the maximum extracted power to the output is 238 μW and peak power delivering efficiency of the MRSCC is 79.3%. The chip was fabricated in 0.18 μm BCD process.
Here we describe a class of electric-conducting polymers that conduct electrons via the side chain π–π stacking. These polymers can be designed and synthesized with different chemical moieties to ...perform different functions, extremely suitable as a conductive polymer binder for lithium battery electrodes. A class of methacrylate polymers based on a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon side moiety, pyrene, was synthesized and applied as an electrode binder to fabricate a silicon (Si) electrode. The electron mobilities for PPy and PPyE are characterized as 1.9 × 10–4 and 8.5 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. These electric conductive polymeric binders can maintain the electrode mechanical integrity and Si interface stability over a thousand cycles of charge and discharge. The as-assembled batteries exhibit a high capacity and excellent rate performance due to the self-assembled solid-state nanostructures of the conductive polymer binders. These pyrene-based methacrylate binders also enhance the stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of a Si electrode over long-term cycling. The physical properties of this polymer are further tailored by incorporating ethylene oxide moieties at the side chains to enhance the adhesion and adjust swelling to improve the stability of the high loading Si electrode.
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), 81 LAPC ...patients receiving PBT using SIB technique were analyzed. The prescribed doses to planning target volume (PTV)1 and PTV2 were 45 or 50 GyE and 30 GyE in 10 fractions, respectively. Of 81 patients, 18 patients received PBT without upfront and maintenance chemotherapy (group I), 44 received PBT followed by maintenance chemotherapy (group II), and 19 received PBT after upfront chemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy (n = 16) (group III). The median follow-up time was 19.6 months (range 2.3-57.6 months), and the median overall survival (OS) times of all patients and of those in groups I, II, and III were 19.3 months (95% confidence interval CI 16.8-21.7 months), 15.3 months (95% CI 12.9-17.7 months), 18.3 months (95% CI 15.9-20.7 months), and 26.1 months (95% CI 17.8-34.3 months), respectively (p = 0.043). Acute and late grade ≥ 3 toxicities related to PBT were not observed. PBT with the SIB technique showed promising OS for LAPC patients with a safe toxicity profile, and intensive combinations of PBT and chemotherapy could improve OS in these patients.
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