Sensory neurons generate spike patterns upon receiving external stimuli and encode key information to the spike patterns, enabling energy-efficient external information processing. Herein, we report ...an epifluidic electronic patch with spiking sweat clearance using a sensor containing a vertical sweat-collecting channel for event-driven, energy-efficient, long-term wireless monitoring of epidermal perspiration dynamics. Our sweat sensor contains nanomesh electrodes on its inner wall of the channel and unique sweat-clearing structures. During perspiration, repeated filling and abrupt emptying of the vertical sweat-collecting channel generate electrical spike patterns with the sweat rate and ionic conductivity proportional to the spike frequency and amplitude over a wide dynamic range and long time (> 8 h). With such 'spiking' sweat clearance and corresponding electronic spike patterns, the epifluidic wireless patch successfully decodes epidermal perspiration dynamics in an event-driven manner at different skin locations during exercise, consuming less than 0.6% of the energy required for continuous data transmission. Our patch could integrate various on-skin sensors and emerging edge computing technologies for energy-efficient, intelligent digital healthcare.
The development of multinode quantum optical circuits has attracted great attention in recent years. In particular, interfacing quantum-light sources, gates, and detectors on a single chip is highly ...desirable for the realization of large networks. In this context, fabrication techniques that enable the deterministic integration of preselected quantum-light emitters into nanophotonic elements play a key role when moving forward to circuits containing multiple emitters. Here, we present the deterministic integration of an InAs quantum dot into a 50/50 multimode interference beamsplitter via in situ electron beam lithography. We demonstrate the combined emitter-gate interface functionality by measuring triggered single-photon emission on-chip with g (2)(0) = 0.13 ± 0.02. Due to its high patterning resolution as well as spectral and spatial control, in situ electron beam lithography allows for integration of preselected quantum emitters into complex photonic systems. Being a scalable single-step approach, it paves the way toward multinode, fully integrated quantum photonic chips.
A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, NIFS-20-8
, was isolated from the intestine of an olive flounder (
) from the East Sea, ...Republic of Korea. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NIFS-20-8
fell within the clade comprising the type strains of
species. Strain NIFS-20-8
exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2 and 97.1 % to the type strains of
and
, respectively, and of 96.6-97.0 % to the type strains of the other
species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the genomic sequence of strain NIFS-20-8
and those of the type strains of four
species were 73.8-75.0 and 19.8-21.1 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain NIFS-20-8
from genomic sequence data was 50.55 mol%. Strain NIFS-20-8
contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C
7
and/or C
6
), C
and C
7
as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in stain NIFS-20-8
were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Distinguishing phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain NIFS-20-8
is separated from recognized
species. On the basis of the data presented here, strain NIFS-20-8
is considered to represent a novel species of the genus
, for which the name
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NIFS-20-8
(= KCTC 82873
=NBRC 115237
).
Silicon photonics enables scaling of quantum photonic systems by allowing the creation of extensive, low-loss, reconfigurable networks linking various functional on-chip elements. Inclusion of single ...quantum emitters onto photonic circuits, acting as on-demand sources of indistinguishable photons or single-photon nonlinearities, may enable large-scale chip-based quantum photonic circuits and networks. Toward this, we use low-temperature in situ electron-beam lithography to deterministically produce hybrid GaAs/Si3N4 photonic devices containing single InAs quantum dots precisely located inside nanophotonic structures, which act as efficient, Si3N4 waveguide-coupled on-chip, on-demand single-photon sources. The precise positioning afforded by our scalable fabrication method furthermore allows observation of postselected indistinguishable photons. This indicates a promising path toward significant scaling of chip-based quantum photonics, enabled by large fluxes of indistinguishable single-photons produced on-demand, directly on-chip.
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), induced by heat shock, environmental, and pathophysiological stressors, is a multi-functional protein that acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant. HSP27 plays a ...significant role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. HSP27 is upregulated in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis, as well as treatment resistance, whereby cells are protected from therapeutic agents that normally induce apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent findings and role of HSP27 in cancer, as well as the strategies for using HSP27 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
Abstract
The interest in skin microbiome differences by ethnicity, age, and gender is increasing. Compared to other ethnic groups, studies on the skin microbiome of Koreans remains insufficient; we ...investigated facial skin microbiome characteristics according to gender and age among Koreans. Fifty-one healthy participants were recruited, the facial skin characteristics of each donor were investigated, their skin bacterial DNA was isolated and metagenomic analysis was performed. The donors were divided into two groups for age and sex each to analyze their skin microbiomes. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between the skin microbiome and clinical characteristics. The alpha diversity of the skin microbiome was significantly higher in the elderly, and beta diversity was significantly different according to age. The comparative skin microbials showed that the genus
Lawsonella
was more abundant in the younger age group, and
Enhydrobacter
was predominant in the older age group.
Staphylococcus
and
Corynebacterium
were more abundant in males, while
Lactobacillus
was more abundant in females.
Lawsonella
had a negative correlation with skin moisture and brown spots.
Staphylococcus
and
Corynebacterium
both had negative correlations with the number of UV spots and positive correlations with transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Furthermore,
Staphylococcus aureus
had a negative correlation with skin moisture parameters.
Post-Burn Pruritus Chung, Bo Young; Kim, Han Bi; Jung, Min Je ...
International journal of molecular sciences,
05/2020, Letnik:
21, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Post-burn pruritus is the pruritus that occurs after burn during the rehabilitation and healing process of burn wounds. The post-burn pruritus is a common and serious complication of burn injury, ...which severely lowers the quality of life of the patient. Many potential treatments are available for pruritus but there is no consensus of the best single treatment yet. The precise mechanism of post-burn pruritus has not been elucidated, but it appears to have pruritogenic and neuropathic aspects. Clinically, post-burn pruritus tends to be intractable to conventional treatment but rather responds to neuroleptic agents, such as gabapentin and pregabalin. During wound healing, various neuropeptides secreted from the nerves of the skin control epidermal and vascular proliferation and connective tissue cells. When keratinocytes are activated by an itch-inducing substance, they secrete a variety of inflammatory substances that increase the susceptibility of the itch receptor. There are two mechanisms underlying post-burn neuropathic pruritus. The first one is peripheral sensitization. The second one is the intact nociceptor hypothesis. An effective treatment for post-burn pruritus will also be effective in other neuropathic and intractable itching. In this review, we summarized the interaction and mechanism of keratinocytes, immune cells, and nerve fibers related to post-burn pruritus.
The rapid development in big data analytics and the data-rich environment of intensive care units together provide unprecedented opportunities for medical breakthroughs in the field of critical care. ...We developed and validated a machine learning-based model, the Pediatric Risk of Mortality Prediction Tool (PROMPT), for real-time prediction of all-cause mortality in pediatric intensive care units.
Utilizing two separate retrospective observational cohorts, we conducted model development and validation using a machine learning algorithm with a convolutional neural network. The development cohort comprised 1445 pediatric patients with 1977 medical encounters admitted to intensive care units from January 2011 to December 2017 at Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea). The validation cohort included 278 patients with 364 medical encounters admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from January 2016 to November 2017 at Samsung Medical Center.
Using seven vital signs, along with patient age and body weight on intensive care unit admission, PROMPT achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the range of 0.89-0.97 for mortality prediction 6 to 60 h prior to death. Our results demonstrated that PROMPT provided high sensitivity with specificity and outperformed the conventional severity scoring system, the Pediatric Index of Mortality, in predictive ability. Model performance was indistinguishable between the development and validation cohorts.
PROMPT is a deep model-based, data-driven early warning score tool that can predict mortality in critically ill children and may be useful for the timely identification of deteriorating patients.
PDF
