Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts that invades the myometrium at the placental site after a pregnancy. Less than 100 cases have been ...reported. Information of the sex assignment of the antecedent gestation is available in 21 cases: 18 of these were female. To explore this interesting phenomenon, we have determined the sex chromosome composition of the tumor tissue preserved in paraffin blocks for five new cases of this condition. The last documented gestational event included a normal vaginal delivery of female infants in three cases, normal vaginal delivery of an infant of unknown sex in one case and a molar gestation in one case. Using the X-linked human androgen receptor (AR) gene as a polymorphic marker, we showed that in all five cases the tumor had a likely XX chromosomal composition; and in four cases it was possible to determine that one of the X chromosomes was of paternal origin. In one case, the paternal X chromosome showed no polymorphism to either maternal X chromosomes. In addition, sensitive semi-nested PCR failed to show a human Y chromosome element in any of the five cases of PSTT. Overall, of 21 cases from the literature and 5 cases of ours, 89% (23 of 26) showed an XX genomic composition in PSTT, either by history or genetic analysis. These results suggest that most PSTT were derived from the antecedent female conceptus and were likely to have possessed a functional paternal X chromosome. Methylation status analysis at the AR locus was performed in the three PSTT in which the paternal X chromosome was identifiable. In two cases, the paternal AR locus was hypomethylated while the corresponding maternal locus was hypermethylated. The methylation status of other loci was not investigated. Collectively, sex chromosome analysis of five cases of PSTT with literature support suggests a unique genetic basis for the development of PSTT that involves the paternal X chromosome. Although largely speculative, an active paternal X chromosome may be of importance in the pathogenesis of PSTT.
The present investigation was aimed at analyzing the role of fumigants,
., different concentrations of carbon disulphide (CS
) and formalin, on soil mycoflora including mycorrhizal fungi in the ...sunflower rhizosphere. Fungi were greatly reduced immediately after fumigant application but with the passage of time these started to reappear. In qualitative analyses of mycoflora,
and
reappeared only after 20 days at all CS
concentrations. The quantitative study showed the boosting up of the population of
with increasing concentrations of formalin and CS
after 20 days. High concentrations of both fumigants initially decreased mycorrhizal spore number. However, the mycorrhizal spore number increased later on. Mycorrhizal root colonization reached maximum after 40 days in treated soils.
was resistant to CS
application but
and
were inhibited by high concentrations of the fumigant.
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el rol de los fumigantes disulfuro de carbono (CS
) y formalin a diferentes concentraciones sobre la microflora del suelo incluyendo las micorrizas de la rizósfera del girasol. La población de hongos se redujo fuertemente inmediatamente después de la aplicación del fumigante pero con el paso del tiempo ésta comenzó a reaparecer. En análisis cuantitativos de microflora
,
y
hicieron su aparición sólo después de veinte días de la aplicación de CS
a todas las concentraciones. Estudios cuantitativos mostraron el incremento de la población de
con el aumento de la concentración de Formalin y CS
después de los veinte días. Inicialmente ambos fumigantes disminuyeron el número de esporas de micorrizas a las concentraciones más altas. Sin embargo, el número de esporas de micorrizas se incrementó más adelante. La colonización de raíces con micorrizas fue máxima después de cuarenta días en suelos tratados.
fue resistente a la aplicación de CS
pero
y
se inhibieron a altas concentraciones.
Cette recherche avait pour but d’analyser le rôle des fumigants - disulfure de carbone (CS
) et formaline - à différentes concentrations sur la mycoflore du sol, y compris les champignons mycorrhiziens, de la rhizosphère du tournesol. La présence des champignons a été considérablement réduite immédiatement après l’application du fumigant mais avec le temps, ils ont commencé à réapparaître. Dans les analyses qualitatives de la mycoflore,
sont réapparus seulement 20 jours après l’application du CS
, quelque soit la concentration. L’étude quantitative a montré une augmentation de la population de
avec l’augmentation des concentrations de Formaline et de CS
, 20 jours après le traitement. Les deux fumigants ont fait décroître initialement le nombre de spores mycorrhiziennes aux concentrations les plus fortes. Toutefois, le nombre de spores mycorrhiziennes a été en augmentation plus tard. La colonisation mycorrhizienne des racines est devenue maximale dans les sols traités 40 jours après le traitement.
s’est montré resistant à l’application de CS
application mais
ont été inhibés aux concentrations les plus fortes.
Since the wide acceptance of serous carcinoma as a distinct subtype of endometrial carcinoma, almost all endometrial carcinomas with psammoma bodies have been classified as such. We describe eight ...cases of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma with psammoma bodies and discuss their clinicopathologic features. The patients ranged in age from 37 to 79 years. Psammoma bodies were present in the curettage material in three and in the hysterectomy specimens in all cases. The tumors were well to moderately differentiated with at least focal squamous metaplasia. Four of eight cases also showed a focal villoglandular architecture. Inflammation and necrosis were present in all cases, and four had features of pyometra. Deep myometrial invasion was present in six cases. Diffuse lymphatic invasion was present in six, and one showed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the absence of myometrial invasion. The tumors metastasized to lymph nodes in four of eight cases. One case showed intranodal psammoma bodies in the absence of endosalpingiosis or tumor. Intra-abdominal recurrence was present in only one case and was endometrioid with rare psammoma bodies. All patients are alive, six with no evidence of disease, one with stable periaortic lymphadenopathy, and one with progressive disease. This report suggests that endometrioid endometrial carcinoma may rarely be associated with psammoma bodies, the formation of which is most likely due to inflammation and necrosis. It also suggests that endometrioid carcinoma with psammoma bodies has a higher surgical stage and is more likely to have lymphatic invasion and lymph-node metastases and hence require surgical staging. The pattern of spread appears to be different from uterine papillary serous carcinoma, and the rate of survival is similar to stage-matched endometrioid carcinoma without psammoma bodies.
Floristic composition studied in a 40 hectares representative site of alkali soils in the Indo-gangetic plains of Northwestern India revealed a remarkably restricted spectrum of natural vegetation. ...Soil analysis of specific niches, occupied by aggregations of different species, was employed to identify alkali halophytes. Response functions of eight prominent species to increasing levels of soil alkalinity, studied in pot culture, showed that most of them were adapted to alkali soils. Based on the computed importance value indices and observed biomass production maxima, it has been inferred that Sporobolus marginatus, Sporobulus coromandelianus, Diplachne fusca and Chloris barbata, qualify as plant indicators of high-alkali soil conditions.
We present the second reported case of a smooth muscle neoplasm involving the placental parenchyma. On gross examination, the tumor easily separated from the uterus and had a whorled cut surface with ...finger-like extensions into the villous parenchyma, very similar to the previously described case. The differential diagnosis included a primary smooth muscle tumor of the placenta (placental leiomyoma), a primary uterine neoplasm incorporated into the placenta, and a metastatic sarcoma. In this case, the infant was male, and the polymerase chain reaction technique demonstrated the presence of Y chromosome gene in the placental parenchyma and its absence in the placental neoplasm. Thus, this neoplasm, despite its gross appearance of a primary placental tumor, actually represented an incorporated benign uterine leiomyoma.
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze normal and preeclamptic uteroplacental vasculature. Myometrial arteries from eight placental bed biopsies from uncomplicated term deliveries ...and 12 from proteinuric preeclampsia were characterized as uteroplacental, spiral, or basal arteries. Basal lumens within 0.2 mm radius and spiral/uteroplacental lumens within 0.4 mm radius were considered as the same artery. The biopsy area, lumen density, and arterial density (after correction for multiple lumens), lumen area, lumen perimeter, mean wall thickness, inflated diameter, and a slant factor, measuring the obliqueness of arterial transection, and ratios of lumen characteristics to mean wall thickness were analyzed. In preeclamptic cases, there were more basal lumens/mm
2 and basal arteries/nun
2 (
P = .003,
P = .03), and more spiral lumens/mm
2 and spiral arteries/ mm
2 (
P = .01,
P = .03). Basal lumen area (
P = .0003) and wall thickness (
P = .007), and basal and spiral artery lumen perimeters and inflated diameters (for each,
P = .0001,
P = .048, respectively) and inflated diameter/wall ratios (
P = .04,
P = .05) were reduced compared with normal cases. Preeclamptic spiral and basal arteries are more tortuous or densely distributed than normal placental bed arteries, with smaller-caliber lumens and thicker walls. Failure of proper placentation may result in abnormal spatial anatomy in the placental bed. Alternatively, an anatomic variant of spiral and basal arteries may be more susceptible to hemodynamic stresses and endothelial damage and may predispose to preeclampsia.
Our objective was to determine if placental histologic acute inflammation is related to maternal and fetal serum cytokine levels in preterm labor, using a data set previously constructed blinded to ...histopathologic information. To this goal in 1992, 32 consecutive patients at 20-36 weeks with progressive labor and tocolytic failure were recruited. Maternal serum sampled during the active phase of labor, and fetal (umbilical vein) serum were assayed by ELISA for levels of soluble interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (T-Cell Diagnostics). Acute placental inflammation was scored by two groups blinded to clinical data, and the average scores analyzed for relationships to serum cytokine levels. Weighted kappa values, reflecting interobserver agreement in scoring of acute inflammation, were: amnion 0.84; choriodecidua 0.84; umbilical cord 0.85; and chorionic plate 0.73. Fetal levels of IL-1 beta and IL-2 R were higher with grade 3-4 acute amnionitis than with grades 0-2 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.023). Fetal levels of all three cytokines were higher in grade 3-4 umbilical vasculitis (IL-1 beta p = 0.008, IL-2 R p = 0.01, and IL-6 p = 0.03). In contrast, maternal serum cytokine levels were not associated with presence or severity of histologic evidence of acute placental inflammation. Histologic acute inflammation was not related to duration of labor, interval from membrane rupture to delivery, and presence or duration of antibiotic therapy. We conclude that fetal serum, but not maternal serum cytokine levels, are correlated with histologic evidence of acute placental inflammation, and may reflect a predominant placental origin of the cytokines.
From its discovery, the low density transiting Neptune HAT-P-26b showed a 2.1-sigma detection drift in its spectroscopic data, while photometric data showed a weak curvature in the timing residuals ...that required further follow-up observations to be confirmed. To investigate this suspected variability, we observed 11 primary transits of HAT-P-26b between March, 2015 and July, 2018. For this, we used the 2.15 meter Jorge Sahade Telescope placed in San Juan, Argentina, and the 1.2 meter STELLA and the 2.5 meter Nordic Optical Telescope, both located in the Canary Islands, Spain. To add upon valuable information on the transmission spectrum of HAT-P-26b, we focused our observations in the R-band only. To contrast the observed timing variability with possible stellar activity, we carried out a photometric follow-up of the host star along three years. We carried out a global fit to the data and determined the individual mid-transit times focusing specifically on the light curves that showed complete transit coverage. Using bibliographic data corresponding to both ground and space-based facilities, plus our new characterized mid-transit times derived from parts-per-thousand precise photometry, we observed indications of transit timing variations in the system, with an amplitude of ~4 minutes and a periodicity of ~270 epochs. The photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations of this system will be continued in order to rule out any aliasing effects caused by poor sampling and the long-term periodicity.
PDF
