The effects of protriptyline on sleep stage distribution and gas exchange have been assessed in eight patients with nocturnal hypoventilation secondary to restrictive chest wall disease. At a dose of ...10-20 mg taken when they retired the total sleeping time was unaltered but the proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep fell from 22% to 12% (p less than 0.05). The total time spent at an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 80% decreased (p less than 0.01) and the magnitude of the fall correlated with the reduction in REM sleep (r = 0.67, p less than 0.05). There was also a reduction in the maximum carbon dioxide tension reached during the night (p less than 0.01). The arterial oxygen tension measured diurnally increased (p less than 0.05) from a median of 8.0 kPa (60 mm Hg) to 9.0 kPa (67.5 mm Hg), but the carbon dioxide tension and base excess were unchanged. Anticholinergic side effects were experienced by most patients but did not limit treatment.
For patients with low food-specific IgE levels approaching 95th% negative predictive value, FC can be performed safely, with minimal symptoms and with the majority of patients showing clinical ...tolerance.
Model transcripts containing mammalian pre-rRNA sequences were incubated with a HeLa cell extract, digested with T1 RNase, and immunoprecipitated with anti-(U3)RNP or control antibodies. Two ...overlapping fragments derived from the 3' domain of human 28S rRNA were specifically immunoprecipitated although transcripts which spanned the transcription initiation site, the ETS processing site, the 5' end of 18S, and both termini of 5.8S yielded no protected fragments. The sequence of these fragments was determined using a novel technique in which the 32P-labeled fragment was co-finger-printed with 3H-labeled total transcript serving as an internal marker. The fragments immunoprecipitated derive from nucleotides 4570-4590 and 4575-4590 of human 28S and are adjacent to the alpha-sarcin site. Protection most likely involves the U3 RNA since it is sensitive to pretreatment of the extract with micrococcal nuclease. Complementarity between U3 and this rRNA region is phylogenetically conserved in species ranging from human to S. cerevisiae. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.
A quasi-distributed circuit model using RLC 'T' elements is implemented on SPICE to simulate the crosstalk in an interconnection bus on high-speed logic circuits. Logic functions for the lines lying ...in an intervening space between the pulse-activated lines are found to be affected more than the outside lines.
A two-step sequence converts protected glycal-substituted quinols to aryl bis C-glycals in which one or both of the substituents is an aminoglycal. First, a lithiated glycal undergoes 1,2-addition to ...the carbonyl group of a protected glycal-bearing quinol, leading to a mono-protected cyclohexadienediol. Then a BF
3
-etherate-catalyzed "dienol phenol-type" rearrangement converts the adduct to an aryl bis C-glycal. The glycal moiety that was originally a substituent on the quinol substrate is the substituent that migrates. The presence of the amino group does not introduce complications. This sequence provides models for the rapid access to intermediates for pluramycin synthesis.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study discusses a case of aphasia after dominant thalamic lesion, a hemorrhagic infarction. Unlike other such cases, both repeated standardized assessment and postmortem verification were ...available. The patient was assessed at 3 weeks and again at 9 weeks postonset. The aphasia demonstrated the syndrome common to dominant thalamic hemorrhage: fluent but paraphasic output sometimes deteriorating to jargon, comprehension less impaired than this type of output usually indicates, and the least impairment in repetition. As sometimes reported in previous cases, semantic paraphasias were more common than phonemic paraphasias. The lesion was located in the dorsal aspect of the lateral nucleus, but it extended into the pulvinar, including the anterior superior lateral aspect which has been implicated in language by previous studies. Thus, data from this case are consistent with an involvement of the dominant pulvinar in language and suggest that this role involves the semantic aspects of language.
The precise connectivity of inputs and outputs is critical for cerebral cortex function; however, the cellular mechanisms that establish these connections are poorly understood. Here, we show that ...the secreted molecule Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is involved in synapse formation of a specific cortical circuit. Shh is expressed in layer V corticofugal projection neurons and the Shh receptor, Brother of CDO (Boc), is expressed in local and callosal projection neurons of layer II/III that synapse onto the subcortical projection neurons. Layer V neurons of mice lacking functional Shh exhibit decreased synapses. Conversely, the loss of functional Boc leads to a reduction in the strength of synaptic connections onto layer Vb, but not layer II/III, pyramidal neurons. These results demonstrate that Shh is expressed in postsynaptic target cells while Boc is expressed in a complementary population of presynaptic input neurons, and they function to guide the formation of cortical microcircuitry.
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► Sonic Hedgehog is expressed in subcortical projection neurons in the neocortex ► Cortical loss of Sonic Hedgehog leads to decreased synapses in layer V neurons ► Boc is expressed in callosal projection neurons and is not required for axon guidance ► Sonic Hedgehog and its receptor Boc function in the assembly of cortical circuits.
Sonic Hedgehog plays critical functions in tissue patterning and proliferation and specification of adult neural stem cells and cancer cells. Harwell et al. find a novel function for Sonic Hedgehog in cortical circuit formation, dependent on the Sonic Hedgehog receptor Boc.
We use 2009-2011 space-borne methane observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) to estimate global and North American methane emissions with 4 degree 5 degree and up to 50 km ...50 km spatial resolution, respectively. GEOS-Chem and GOSAT data are first evaluated with atmospheric methane observations from surface and tower networks (NOAA/ESRL, TCCON) and aircraft (NOAA/ESRL, HIPPO), using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model as a platform to facilitate comparison of GOSAT with in situ data. This identifies a high-latitude bias between the GOSAT data and GEOS-Chem that we correct via quadratic regression. Our global adjoint-based inversion yields a total methane source of 539 Tg a-1 with some important regional corrections to the EDGARv4.2 inventory used as a prior. Results serve as dynamic boundary conditions for an analytical inversion of North American methane emissions using radial basis functions to achieve high resolution of large sources and provide error characterization. We infer a US anthropogenic methane source of 40.2-42.7 Tg a-1, as compared to 24.9-27.0 Tg a-1 in the EDGAR and EPA bottom-up inventories, and 30.0-44.5 Tg a-1 in recent inverse studies. Our estimate is supported by independent surface and aircraft data and by previous inverse studies for California. We find that the emissions are highest in the southern-central US, the Central Valley of California, and Florida wetlands; large isolated point sources such as the US Four Corners also contribute. Using prior information on source locations, we attribute 29-44 % of US anthropogenic methane emissions to livestock, 22-31 % to oil/gas, 20 % to landfills/wastewater, and 11-15 % to coal. Wetlands contribute an additional 9.0-10.1 Tg a-1.
A new free-electron laser experiment has been designed at NRL to operate at millimeter wavelengths using a collective beam-wave interaction. Critical features of the experiment include an apertured ...diode which provides a low-emittance electron beam, a wiggler magnet with adiabatic entrance and exit, and an operational domain centered around the wiggler-guide field gyroresonance. With the experiment configured as a superradiant amplifier, the effects of the gyroresonance on beam dynamics and the beam-wave interaction have been studied. Measurements indicate a peak power production of 35 MW at 4 mm with an electronic efficiency of 2.5 percent. Aspects of the experimental design are discussed, and the results of a parametric study of the power dependence on the fields are presented. Detailed calculations (both analytic and computational) have been performed to analyze the linear and non-linear effects in the experiment. The results of these calculations are shown to be in good agreement with laboratory measurements.
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