The present report shows some of the most important aspects in relation to the technoformative processes of Latin America, with special reference to the case of Venezuela. As a first point, some ...historical antecedents are highlighted which allow to delineate some reaches of the culturing model within the framework imposed by conquest and colonization. The main entropic characteristics of the education in Latin America are defined. The impact that has the paradigmatic changes is emphasizedthe positioning of the microelectronic key factor in the infocapitalist era-- understanding the lived realism (socioestructural) and the dreamed realism (sociosymbolic) and in the conformation of a new subjectivity. Otherwise, some important keys which define new ethical-esthetics subjectivity and its challenges to the educative rethought. A gnoseological understanding of the new capitalist rationality and a vision based on the Political and Strategic Paradigm are discussed like a perspective to rethought/rethought-ourselves in the conformation of social knowledge, beyond the technoformative scholar apparatus. One sets out consequently, like approach, a gnoseological frame to redefine the reaches of the educative reform.
Infant formulae are being supplemented with probiotics, prebiotics, or symbiotic despite uncertainties regarding their efficacy. Mexican agave is an interesting source of fructans with particular ...features and with potential prebiotic effects.
RCT in 600 healthy term babies (20 ± 7 days), allocated to receive standard infant formula (control) or infant formula added with a dual prebiotic system "Metlin® and Metlos®", from Mexican agave. Primary outcomes include stools frequency, stools consistency, gastrointestinal intolerance (frequency of abdominal distension, flatulency, regurgitations, vomiting). Secondary outcomes include changes on weight and height along the study and frequency of dermatologic problems (eczema).
In 66,120 days of total follow-up, there were no differences on the frequency of stools passage (Human Milk: 3.8 ± 2.4 evacuations per day; Pro + Metlin + Metlos 3.6 ± 2.0; Pro + Metlin 3.6 ± 2; only Pro 3.4 ± 2.3¸ only formula 3.4 ± 2.0; p NS). Consistency of stools was similar between human milk and prebiotics supplemented groups. Also the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly low between these groups.
Fructans derivate from agave and added to infant formula are safe and well tolerated by Mexican healthy term babies.
Triatoma dimidiata is the second most important vector of Chagas disease in Colombia after Rhodnius prolixus. Population genetic studies are essential for the adequate design and implementation of ...vector control and surveillance strategies.
The level of genetic variability and population differentiation was surveyed among three Colombian populations of T. dimidiata from different geographic locations and ecotopes, using ND4 mitochondrial gene.
Genetic comparison was made between two wild populations from La Guajira (n=10) and Santander (n=10) provinces, and one intra (n=15) and one peridomiciliary (n=5) population from the Cesar province. The polymorphism frequencies of the ND4 mitochondrial gene sequence were analyzed to deduce population structure based on the 40 samples.
Colombian T. dimidiata showed a high nucleotide (π: 0.034) and haplotype diversity (Hd: 0.863), as well as significant population subdivision (fST: 0.761) and a low migration rate (Nm: 0.157). Genetic distances and variability differences among populations indicate distinct population subdivision amongst the three provinces.
ND4 proved useful in elucidating the significant genetic differentiation that has occurred among T. dimidiata populations from La Guajira, Cesar and Santander. The analysis suggested a relationship between population subdivision and some eco-epidemiological attributes of this vector from the central eastern and northwestern regions of Colombia.
Interactive multimedia experiences are interesting for students because they stimulate several of their senses, provide assorted styles of interaction, and the user can modify the development of the ...experience thanks to the interactions with it, among other benefits. Moreover, this interaction produces data that can be used to improve the teaching-learning process of students using Learning Analytics techniques. In this sense, this paper presents a review of the state of the art on the impact of Learning Analytics in the development of multimedia technologies and evolution in the design process in the context of elementary education. A systematic literature review methodology has been applied to carry out this research. The results show the need for a well-defined process and a series of specific guidelines to include Learning Analytics in the solutions for this context.
Objetivo: Describir los índices entomológicos y la importancia epidemiológica de los triatominos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) presentes en las vertientes norte y oriental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa ...Marta, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, los vectores fueron colectados por el método hora -hombre en áreas de intradomicilio y peridomicilio en 196 chozas de indígenas ubicadas en siete poblados de cuatro cuencas hidrográficas. Resultados: Se coleccionaron 207 insectos pertenecientes a cinco especies: Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius prolixus, T. dimidiata y R. pallescens. R. prolixus y T. dimidiata fueron las especies con los indicadores entomológicos de infestación de viviendas, colonización, dispersión e infección triatomínica más importantes; así mismo predominaron en todas las colecciones, considerándose las especies con mayor importancia epidemiológica en la zona de estudio. El 82 % de todas las especies de triatominos fueron capturados en ambientes intradomiciliarios. Adicionalmente, se amplía la distribución geográfica de R. pallescens. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sumados a la alta seroprevalencia para T. cruzi en la región, permiten concluir que la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta es una zona de alto riesgo de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas.
Despite the economic and therapeutic importance of Mexican oregano essential oil, there is no information regarding secretory structures and the effect of environmental factors on their density is ...unknown. The main goal of this study was to describe the morphology of glandular trichomes in Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (Verbenaceae), and evaluate the hypothesis that glandular trichome density on leaves of L. graveolens would be greatest for populations found in the most arid locations. Morphology and trichome density were investigated using a combination of scanning electron and stereoscopic microscopy in nine wild oregano populations. Emberger's index of aridity was calculated to characterize the populations located in a bio-climatic gradient. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relation between trichome density and aridity. Lippia graveolens presented two types of glandular trichome on both sides of the leaf: peltate and capitate, of which the former presented higher density. Geographic variation in trichome density was observed at three spatial scales: among bio-climatic regions, among populations within regions and among plants within populations. We found that plant populations at the most arid sites had, on average, lower trichome density. Our results showed a trend for a greater trichome density in more humid sites. Nevertheless, the importance of inter-population variation in trichome density suggests that micro-environmental and genetic factors should be taken into account, in order to better explain the observed differences.
Abstract Background and objective Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition favored by metabolic and endocrine changes experienced by adipose tissue in the context of obesity. The prevalence and the ...presentation of both IR and obesity vary among the populations, and may be affected by ancestral genetic composition among other factors. The aim of this study was to compare the presence of IR and obesity in Amerindians of the Embera-Chamí ethnicity and Colombian mestizo population. Patients and methods A sample of 630 individuals, 471 mestizos and 159 Amerindians of the Embera-Chamí ethnicity, from the general population of Colombia were studied. For each participant, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, as well as blood pressure and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) of IR and β-cell function (%B) were recorded. These values were compared between the two populations. Results While prevalence of central obesity was similar in both populations (48.7% and 42.6% in the mestizo and Embera groups respectively; p = 0.148), body mass index (BMI) values suggested a higher prevalence of overweight in the Embera than in mestizo population (43.4% Embera, 31.8% mestizo; p = 0.027). Despite the similarities in the prevalence of HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B status between both populations, the Embera population had a significantly greater pancreatic β -cell function, higher insulin levels, and better glucose control, across BMI and central obesity categories, than the mestizo population. Conclusion There are differences in aspects related to energy metabolism between the samples of the mestizo and Amerindian populations analyzed.
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