Body sensor network (BSN) is largely utilized in IoMT to attain easier access of patient’s data remotely without much cost by connecting the various bio-sensors. However, there is a security threat ...in accessing the BSN because of hacking issues. Hence, In order to secure the most sensitive details of the patient, secured fuzzy extractor combined with fuzzy vault is developed in this approach with an objective of providing more security using bio-metric key authentication scheme. Initially, preprocessing is done to remove the noise in ECG signal using the adaptive filtering. Secured Fuzzy extractor is designed for extracting the features like QRS, PR and QT interval and the private key generation for authentication process is based on these features only. Because of unique features of each ECG, private key cannot be hacked easily. Along with private key values, a set of random chaff points are generated using polynomial construction principle and are stored with a checksum vector in a separate fuzzy vault set. In the authentication phase, the data in the fuzzy set will be checked with checksum values to detect missing data in the communication. The IP address of the device will be used as the public key for estimating the bit rate of sensors at decoding phase. The security of the system depends mainly on the hash function. In our proposed method, the hash variable value is independent of the hash functions to enhance the network security. This variation in hashing does not affect the latency or delay of our proposed technique. The proposed fuzzy extractor based biometric key authentication scheme achieved enhanced results such as 40% reduced data loss, 20% reduced energy consumption and reduced delay when compared to previous encoding techniques.
Clinical question Is Biodentine better than MTA as a root-end filling material?Data sources Cochrane, PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases were searched independently by two authors. In addition, a ...manual search was performed in high-quality endodontic journals.Data extraction and synthesis The name of the authors, the year of publication, sample size, the measurement method used, follow-up time for each of the three and main outcomes (bond strength, marginal gap and sealing ability) were extracted in the form of tables and evidence presented. The level of scientific evidence was assessed using Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT).Quality of included studies Not performed.Results A total of 13 publications were included and all of them were in vitro studies. With regards to bond strength, two of four studies indicated Biodentine performed better than MTA while the other two showed no significant difference. Microleakage studies and sealing ability indicated no clear superiority of one over the other.Conclusions Lack of scientific evidence regarding the superiority of tricalcium silicate over mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling material in periapical surgery.
Data sources Narrative reviewStudy abstract This review provides a synopsis of our understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus ...disease, COVID-19. The virus is shed in the nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of carriers, and this puts dental professionals at risk for increased exposure of SARS-CoV-2. The paper summarises the current guidelines outlined by the CDC and presents the triaging protocols to identify potential carriers and how to safely limit treatment to low-risk patients.
This paper is concerned with the adoption and disadoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by its innovators. Based on existing literature on product adoption and disadoption by consumers, it considers ...both general (e.g., relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability) and context-specific (environmental, performance/functional, and financial) motives for EV adoption. Furthermore, it also considers post-adoption satisfaction with the aforementioned context-specific constructs. Results suggest that, while environmental factors are the most important drivers of EV adoption for all adopters, they are poor predictors of subsequent disadoption. Rather, attitudes towards performance/functional and financial attributes of EVs at the time of adoption, as well as satisfaction with these constructs post-adoption, do a better job of discriminating between continuers and disadopters. Thus, the main drivers of EV adoption are
different
from those of EV disadoption. This paper also finds that general and context-specific reasons for EV adoption are effective predictors of subsequent disadoption. Furthermore, it shows that innovators are a diverse group of individuals, some of whom discontinue using the innovation early in its diffusion process. Implications of these results, both academic and practical, are discussed.
A highly diastereoselective method for the synthesis of dihydroepoxybenzofluorenone derivatives from aromatic/vinylic amides and bicyclic alkenes is described. This new transformation proceeds ...through cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the amide functional group. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation reactions of secondary amides with alkenes usually lead to 4+2 or 4+1 annulation; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a 3+2 cycloaddition is described in this context. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies imply that the C−H bond cleavage may be the rate‐limiting step.
3+2 instead of 4+2 or 4+1: The diastereoselective 3+2 annulation of secondary amides with alkenes proceeds by cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to the amide functional group under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the C−H bond cleavage is the rate‐limiting step.
Even after appropriate treatment, a proportion of Lyme disease patients suffer from a constellation of symptoms, collectively called Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). Brain PET scan of ...patients with PTLDS have demonstrated likely glial activation indicating persistent neuroinflammatory processes. It is possible that unresolved bacterial remnants can continue to cause neuroinflammation. In previous studies, we have shown that non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi can induce neuroinflammation and apoptosis in an oligodendrocyte cell line. In this follow-up study, we analyze the effect of sonicated remnants of B. burgdorferi on primary rhesus frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants. Five FC and three DRG tissue fragments from rhesus macaques were exposed to sonicated B. burgdorferi and analyzed for 26 inflammatory mediators. Live bacteria and medium alone served as positive and negative control, respectively. Tissues were also analyzed for cell types mediating inflammation and overall apoptotic changes. Non-viable B. burgdorferi induced significant levels of several inflammatory mediators in both FC and DRG, similar to live bacteria. However, the levels induced by non-viable B. burgdorferi was often (several fold) higher than those induced by live ones, especially for IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2. This effect was also more profound in the FC than in the DRG. Although the levels often differed, both live and dead fragments induced the same mediators, with significant overlap between FC and DRG. In the FC, immunohistochemical staining for several inflammatory mediators showed the presence of multiple mediators in astrocytes, followed by microglia and oligodendrocytes, in response to bacterial remnants. Staining was also seen in endothelial cells. In the DRG, chemokine/cytokine staining was predominantly seen in S100 positive (glial) cells. B. burgdorferi remnants also induced significant levels of apoptosis in both the FC and DRG. Apoptosis was confined to S100 + cells in the DRG while distinct neuronal apoptosis was also detected in most FC tissues in response to sonicated bacteria. Non-viable B. burgdorferi can continue to be neuropathogenic to both CNS and PNS tissues with effects likely more profound in the former. Persistence of remnant-induced neuroinflammatory processes can lead to long term health consequences.
The intestinal tract is the largest barrier between a person and the environment. In this role, the intestinal tract is responsible not only for absorbing essential dietary nutrients, but also for ...protecting the host from a variety of ingested toxins and microbes. The intestinal barrier system is composed of a mucus layer, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), tight junctions (TJs), immune cells, and a gut microbiota, which are all susceptible to external factors such as dietary fats. When components of this barrier system are disrupted, intestinal permeability to luminal contents increases, which is implicated in intestinal pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and celiac disease. Currently, there is mounting evidence that consumption of excess dietary fats can enhance intestinal permeability differentially. For example, dietary fat modulates the expression and distribution of TJs, stimulates a shift to barrier-disrupting hydrophobic bile acids, and even induces IEC oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, a high-fat diet (HFD) enhances intestinal permeability directly by stimulating proinflammatory signaling cascades and indirectly via increasing barrier-disrupting cytokines TNFα, interleukin (IL) 1B, IL6, and interferon γ (IFNγ) and decreasing barrier-forming cytokines (IL10, IL17, and IL22). Finally, an HFD negatively modulates the intestinal mucus composition and enriches the gut microflora with barrier-disrupting species. Although further research is necessary to understand the precise role HFDs play in intestinal permeability, current data suggest a stronger link between diet and intestinal disease than was first thought to exist. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the various ways an HFD disrupts the gut barrier system and its many implications in human health.
3d Transition Metals for C–H Activation Gandeepan, Parthasarathy; Müller, Thomas; Zell, Daniel ...
Chemical reviews,
02/2019, Letnik:
119, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
C–H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, ...among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C–H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C–H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C–H activation until summer 2018.
While ethnic quotas are primarily used to increase minority political representation, they also act like term-limits for majority-group incumbents, who cannot seek reelection after quota ...implementation. As such, quotas may have the perverse effect of making incumbents less accountable during their last term, particularly to minorities. Although majority-group incumbents may still have social reasons to distribute benefits to their coethnics, they have less reason to do so for minorities, from whom they derive little social reward. Using the systematic rotation of caste quotas in south India, this article shows that village presidents who expect to be ousted by quota spend significantly less on minorities than those who can run again; however, they do not reduce spending on goods that benefit their own communities. These findings suggest that quota policies must be evaluated not just by whom they bring into office but also by whom they force out.
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