Introduction: Paediatric spinal anaesthesia is often the technique of choice in many short duration surgeries. However, the failure rate is higher with spinal anaesthesia in children than in adults. ...Aim: To evaluate if a non-touch technique of paediatric spinal anaesthesia can reduce anaesthetic failure. Materials and Methods: A pilot study was done in 10 paediatric patients from January 2018 to July 2018 in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India. Ten children posted for infra-umbilical surgeries in the age group of 4-10 years were given a sedative premedication with a combination of Pethidine and Midazolam They were kept in lateral position with the back much inside the edge of the table so that there was a considerable space between the table edge and the baby. Identification of the L3-L4 space was done by touching the patient. The 25-gauge quincke needle was pricked and the hub was held with the hand in the table without touching the patient. Results: The anaesthesia was successful with adequate level in all the patients; T8 in five patients and T10 in the other five patients. There were no significant side effects. Conclusion: From this pilot study on 10 patients, it can be suggested that the novel non-touch Partha’s technique is feasible and more successful with absent failure rate when administering spinal anaesthesia in the paediatric age group.
Dear Editor, A 77-year-old, 75 kg male presented to the Emergency Outpatient Department (OPD) with difficulty swallowing since, the previous night. The symptoms began after consuming a meal ...consisting of Pooris and mashed steamed potatoes (a traditional South Indian recipe). The patient reported experiencing a sensation of obstruction and dysphagia since the previous night. There was no history of fever, cough, or any other underlying medical conditions. The patient had no previous history of oesophageal disease. Upon clinical examination, the patient appeared otherwise healthy with normal vital signs. No abnormal cardiorespiratory signs were observed, and there was no evidence of cranial nerve palsy. Significant drooling of saliva was noted, but no other abnormalities were observed during throat endoscopy. The patient underwent oral gastrointestinal endoscopy under local anaesthesia. During the procedure, a round yellow object obstructing the oesophagus was discovered Table/Fig-1. Attempts to grasp the foreign body with forceps were unsuccessful as it became crushed. It was determined that the foreign body was a whole potato, which was then crushed into pieces and pushed into the stomach Video-1. The procedure was successfully completed and explained to the patient. Follow-up was conducted through a telephonic conversation for a week, during which the patient remained completely asymptomatic.
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•ZnO thin film was prepared by spray pyrolysis technique.•The formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles was observed.•The active detection range of hydrogen peroxide was found to be ...10–50ppm.•The minimum detection limit of hydrogen peroxide vapour was found to be 10ppm.•The response and recovery times for 50ppm were 115s and 130s, respectively.
The nanostructured ZnO thin films were deposited using spray pyrolysis technique. Formation of polycrystalinity with hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed from the structural study. Highly dense spherical shaped nanoparticles with fine crystallites were observed from the surface morphological studies. The light induced hydrogen peroxide vapour sensing was done using chemi-resistive method and its effect on the sensing response was studied and reported.
Background and Aims: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterised by myofascial trigger points (TPs). TP injection is an established technique for ...management of MPS. In this study, we analysed the efficacy of myofascial TP injection of lignocaine and the influencing biomechanical factors on MPS. Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval, we included the first 100 adult patients of MPS with failed physical therapy aged above 18 years, and with TPs in the trapezius, infraspinatus, and/or the levator scapulae muscles and Visual analog scale (VAS) >4. TP injection of 2% (2 ml) lignocaine was performed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded immediately and after 1 month. Number of repeat TP injections and use of oral analgesic in one month was noted. Results were analysed with the analysis of variance test. Results: The mean VAS reduced significantly both immediately and 1 month after therapeutic injections (8.57 ± 0.77, 2.67 ± 1.43 and 2.82 ± 1.4, respectively, P < 0.01). Keeping the palm below the head during sleep was the major contributing factor for myofascial TP, followed by slanting the neck to use mobile phones. Repeat TP injection was used in 4% of cases. Conclusion: TP injection of 2 ml of 2% lignocaine along with correction of predisposing biomechanical factors provided significant pain relief for MPS in patients with failed physical therapy without any side effects.
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•A long-chain trifunctional amine was used to introduce crosslinking in polyurea.•Dynamic Mechanical Analysis was used to quantify crosslinking density in polyurea.•Optimal amount of ...crosslinking led to improved mechanical properties.•Chemical resistance improved with increasing extent of crosslinking.
Among the many desirable properties of polymeric coatings, the most important include ease of application, rapid cure time, adhesive properties and excellent mechanical properties. In this context, spray coated polyureas are finding increasing applications in niche areas that otherwise pose considerable challenge to the traditional coating chemistries. In this work, we demonstrate the effect of introducing chemical cross-linking on the mechanical, thermal and structural properties of spray coated polyurea. A long chain trifunctional amine was introduced as a co-reactant in the resin blend, the amount of crosslinker being varied from 0 to 3.5 mol % (crosslinking density 28–180 mol/m3, affine network model). The mechanical properties of spray coated polyurea films, both in quasi-static as well as dynamic conditions were determined. Physically crosslinked polyurea coatings (in the absence of chemical cross-linking) exhibited tensile strength ∼ 7.4 ± 0.7 MPa and elongation of 121 ± 3.7%. Introduction of long chain amine led to an improvement in these characteristic properties till maxima at 2.2 mol%, subsequent to which both strength and elongation decreased. Chemical cross-linking led to restraining of the segmental motions reflecting in terms of increased glass transition temperature, as evidenced by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The chemical resistance of polyurea also improved substantially due to crosslinking, which reflected in terms of decreased swelling ratio in different organic media.
In this paper, an AC to DC rectifier circuit has been discussed and the simulation results are provided. This converter is very useful for the upcoming development of the electric vehicles charging ...technology. For producing steady DC from a rectified AC supply requires a smoothing circuit or filter. The main purpose of the filter circuit is to remove the ripple or ac components from the output of the diode circuit. So, to make the output DC pure, the filter circuit is used. The filter circuit may be inductive (built with only inductors in series) or capacitive (built with only capacitors in parallel) or Inductive-Capacitive (built with both inductors and capacitors). A voltage regulator which is used to maintain the constant output DC voltage. Design of the controller is detailed for reference. The converter will operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Finally, some selected experimental results are presented to verify the proposed theory.
Abstract
To use batteries as large-scale energy storage systems it is necessary to measure and understand their degradation
in-situ
and
in-operando
. As a battery’s degradation is often the result of ...molecular processes inside the electrolyte, a sensing platform which allows to measure the ions with a high spatial resolution is needed. Primary candidates for such a platform are NV-centers in diamonds. We propose to use a single NV-center to deduce the electric field distribution generated by the ions inside the electrolyte through microwave pulse sequences. We show that the electric field can be reconstructed with great accuracy by using a protocol which includes different variations of the free induction decay to obtain the mean electric field components and a pulse sequence consisting of three polarized
π
-pulses to measure the electric field’s standard deviation
σ
E
. From a semi-analytical ansatz we find that for a lithium ion battery there is a direct relationship between
σ
E
and the ionic concentration. Our results show that it is therefore possible to use NV-centers as sensors to measure both the electric field distribution and the local ionic concentration inside electrolytes.
Introduction: A single-dose of caudal epidural block accounts for 30-40% of paediatric regional anaesthesia. For infraumblical procedures, it is administered with or without general anaesthesia. The ...traditional patient position for assisting caudal blocks in children is lateral, with the child's back facing the anaesthesiologist. For caudal epidural block, a novel face-toface orientation of the anaesthesiologist with respect to the child in lateral position was used. Aim: To determine whether a novel face-to-face position of the anesthesiologist and the child is feasible in identification of the caudal epidural space during administration of caudal epidural anaesthesia following general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing elective infraumblical surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective feasibility study was conducted from November 2020 to November 2021 on 15 children belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) 1, who were scheduled for elective infraumblical procedures under general anaesthesia, with single dose caudal epidural anaesthesia. While performing caudal block, a novel face-toface orientation of the anaesthesiologist and patient was used. The following variables were recorded: first pass success rate, number of attempts, block performance time, block failure rate, performer satisfaction score, duration of postoperative analgesia, and complications. Results: There were eight males and seven females. The mean age of the population was 6.6±2 years and the mean weight was 20.6±3.4 kilograms. The first pass success rate was 86.6% (13/15) with overall success rate of 100%. Number of attempts for successful block were 1.2±0.5. Block performance time and duration of postoperative analgesia were 31.8±12.1 seconds and 176±31.8 minutes respectively. Performer’s satisfaction score was excellent in 86.6% (13/15) and good in 13.4% (2/15). No incidence of block failure and complications were noted. Conclusion: The novel face-to-face position in child ergonomics with respect to anaesthesiologist during caudal epidural block performance is a feasible and effective method in children undergoing elective infraumblical procedures.
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