High school and the difficult terrain of sexuality and gender identity are brilliantly explored in this smart, incisive ethnography. Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in a racially diverse ...working-class high school, Dude, You're a Fag sheds new light on masculinity both as a field of meaning and as a set of social practices. C. J. Pascoe's unorthodox approach analyzes masculinity as not only a gendered process but also a sexual one. She demonstrates how the "specter of the fag" becomes a disciplinary mechanism for regulating heterosexual as well as homosexual boys and how the "fag discourse" is as much tied to gender as it is to sexuality.
We live our lives immersed in plastic pollution: a problem that is becoming more acute. Viable alternatives that can reduce plastic pollution are being sought. Could bioplastics be the hoped-for ...solution to this problem?
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Beaches provide multiple recreational opportunities, such as swimming, surfing, fishing, walking or just enjoying being by the seaside. Most previous studies that have valued beach use have assumed a ...trip to the beach was a homogeneous activity. In this study, we estimate the non-market value of beach usage by New South Wales, Australia, residents using a travel cost modelling approach. Unlike previous studies, we develop the model based on the activities that visitors mostly undertake when visiting the beach, and allow for multiple activities to occur. We find that different uses of the beach attract different levels of consumer surplus. Activities such as surfing, fishing and swimming generate higher levels of consumer surplus than more passive activities such as just enjoying the natural environment. We also find that Sydney residents have different values to non-Sydney residents. From our analysis, a trip to the beach provides a base level of consumer surplus of around $10/trip for Sydney residents, with additional benefits derived from undertaking different activities. For example, surfing followed by a walk along the beach adds an additional $17 to the value of the visit. Understanding the pattern of use is therefore important when estimating the use values of beaches.
•A travel cost model is used to estimate the value of different beach activities.•An activity's value differs if it is a primary or secondary activity.•Treating a beach as a homogenous good results in an underestimate of its value.
Perceived Discrimination and Health Pascoe, Elizabeth A; Richman, Laura Smart
Psychological bulletin,
07/2009, Letnik:
135, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Perceived discrimination has been studied with regard to its impact on several types of health effects. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive account of the relationships between multiple forms ...of perceived discrimination and both mental and physical health outcomes. In addition, this meta-analysis examines potential mechanisms by which perceiving discrimination may affect health, including through psychological and physiological stress responses and health behaviors. Analysis of 134 samples suggests that when weighting each study's contribution by sample size, perceived discrimination has a significant negative effect on both mental and physical health. Perceived discrimination also produces significantly heightened stress responses and is related to participation in unhealthy and nonparticipation in healthy behaviors. These findings suggest potential pathways linking perceived discrimination to negative health outcomes.
The Origin of Chalcogen-Bonding Interactions Pascoe, Dominic J; Ling, Kenneth B; Cockroft, Scott L
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
10/2017, Letnik:
139, Številka:
42
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Favorable molecular interactions between group 16 elements have been implicated in catalysis, biological processes, and materials and medicinal chemistry. Such interactions have since become known as ...chalcogen bonds by analogy to hydrogen and halogen bonds. Although the prevalence and applications of chalcogen-bonding interactions continues to develop, debate still surrounds the energetic significance and physicochemical origins of this class of σ-hole interaction. Here, synthetic molecular balances were used to perform a quantitative experimental investigation of chalcogen-bonding interactions. Over 160 experimental conformational free energies were measured in 13 different solvents to examine the energetics of O···S, O···Se, S···S, O···HC, and S···HC contacts and the associated substituent and solvent effects. The strongest chalcogen-bonding interactions were found to be at least as strong as conventional H-bonds, but unlike H-bonds, surprisingly independent of the solvent. The independence of the conformational free energies on solvent polarity, polarizability, and H-bonding characteristics showed that electrostatic, solvophobic, and van der Waals dispersion forces did not account for the observed experimental trends. Instead, a quantitative relationship between the experimental conformational free energies and computed molecular orbital energies was consistent with the chalcogen-bonding interactions being dominated by n → σ* orbital delocalization between a lone pair (n) of a (thio)amide donor and the antibonding σ* orbital of an acceptor thiophene or selenophene. Interestingly, stabilization was manifested through the same acceptor molecular orbital irrespective of whether a direct chalcogen···chalcogen or chalcogen···H–C contact was made. Our results underline the importance of often-overlooked orbital delocalization effects in conformational control and molecular recognition phenomena.
Despite a recent decline, Zimbabwe still has the fifth highest adult HIV prevalence in the world at 14.7%; 56% of the population are currently living in extreme poverty.
Cross-sectional ...population-based survey of 18-22 year olds, conducted in 30 communities in south-eastern Zimbabwe in 2007.
To examine whether the risk of HIV infection among young rural Zimbabwean women is associated with socio-economic position and whether different socio-economic domains, including food sufficiency, might be associated with HIV risk in different ways.
Eligible participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood sample tested for antibodies to HIV and HSV-2. The relationship between poverty and HIV was explored for three socio-economic domains: ability to afford essential items; asset wealth; food sufficiency. Analyses were performed to examine whether these domains were associated with HIV infection or risk factors for infection among young women, and to explore which factors might mediate the relationship between poverty and HIV.
2593 eligible females participated in the survey and were included in the analyses. Overall HIV prevalence among these young females was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.7-8.7); HSV-2 prevalence was 11.2% (95% CI: 9.9-12.4). Lower socio-economic position was associated with lower educational attainment, earlier marriage, increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders and increased reporting of higher risk sexual behaviours such as earlier sexual debut, more and older sexual partners and transactional sex. Young women reporting insufficient food were at increased risk of HIV infection and HSV-2.
This study provides evidence from Zimbabwe that among young poor women, economic need and food insufficiency are associated with the adoption of unsafe behaviours. Targeted structural interventions that aim to tackle social and economic constraints including insufficient food should be developed and evaluated alongside behaviour and biomedical interventions, as a component of HIV prevention programming and policy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction & Objective
Anatomy is the foundation of clinical practice and great effort has gone into the examination and optimization of its place in professional programs. A thorough literature ...review revealed a scarcity of information on how well prepared and capable graduates are to apply anatomic knowledge in a clinical setting. For example, medical educators have reported that only 29% of residency directors felt that residents were adequately prepared in gross anatomy, however, the learner themselves felt prepared. The research objective of this work was to examine ratings of preparedness and capability by stakeholders of a physical therapist education program.
Materials & Methods
A web‐based survey was developed and distributed to 409 stakeholders of a professional (entry‐level) physical therapist education program. Stakeholders were either a faculty member, recent graduate, or clinical instructor. Clinical anatomy was presented over 16 weeks in the curriculum (ten weeks in Year 1, six weeks in Year 2) and included whole‐body donor dissection. Sections on the survey included demographic information and four Likert‐scale items that addressed the themes of student preparedness in terms of adequate anatomic knowledge and capability to apply that knowledge in a clinical setting. The Kruskal‐Wallis test (ordinal level data) was selected to analyze differences between stakeholder groups.
Results
The survey was completed by 165 respondents (40% response rate), which represented various levels of experience and post‐professional education (see Table 1). The median overall rating of the four Likert‐scale items was a 4 out of 5 (“quite prepared” and “quite capable”). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in ratings between stakeholder groups for three survey items, and no significant difference for one item (see Table 2). Recent graduates most often rated students with 4 or 5 (out of 5) on preparedness in terms of adequate anatomical knowledge (P = 0.0477) and capability to explain complex anatomical details to a lay person (P = 0.0003). Faculty least often rated students with 4 or 5 (out of 5) on capability of explaining patient symptoms using underlying anatomy (P = 0.008). Ratings were equivalent for the survey item assessing capability of describing anatomical structures by location.
Conclusion
Overall, stakeholders reported that physical therapy graduates were prepared with adequate anatomic knowledge and capable of applying it in a clinical setting. There were group differences in the rating of preparedness and capability. Recent graduates rated their preparedness higher than those with more years of experience in the work force (faculty and clinical instructors).
Significance & Implication
This work presents evidence that students maintain adequate anatomic knowledge and are capable of applying it in a clinical setting upon graduation from the physical therapist education program in this study. It should be noted that these ratings were not uniform across stakeholder groups. These results are important because they represent the opinion of clinicians practicing in the work force.
We hypothesized that there is decreased synthesis of glutathione (GSH) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) especially in the presence of microvascular complications, and this is dependent on the degree of ...hyperglycemia.
In this case-control study, we recruited 16 patients with T2DM (7 without and 9 with microvascular complications), and 8 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We measured GSH synthesis rate using an infusion of 2H2-glycine as isotopic tracer and collection of blood samples for liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis.
Compared to the controls, T2DM patients had lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations (0.90 ± 0.42 vs. 0.35 ± 0.30 mmol/L; P = 0.001) and absolute synthesis rates (1.03 ± 0.55 vs. 0.50 ± 0.69 mmol/L/day; P = 0.01), but not fractional synthesis rates (114 ± 45 vs. 143 ± 82%/day; P = 0.07). The magnitudes of changes in patients with complications were greater for both GSH concentrations and absolute synthesis rates (P-values ≤ 0.01) compared to controls. There were no differences in GSH concentrations and synthesis rates between T2DM patients with and without complications (P-values > 0.1). Fasting glucose and HbA1c did not correlate with GSH concentration or synthesis rates (P-values > 0.17).
Compared to non-diabetic controls, patients with T2DM have glutathione deficiency, especially if they have microvascular complications. This is probably due to reduced synthesis and increased irreversible utilization by non-glycemic mechanisms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•A historical overview of delamination growth methods is critically discussed.•Four classes are defined: stress/strain based, LEFM based, CZM based, XFEM based.•It is shown most models are in essence ...phenomenological.•It is argued a stronger connection with the physical mechanisms is needed.
An overview is given of the development of methods for the prediction of fatigue driven delamination growth over the past 40years. Four categories of methods are identified: stress/strain-based models, fracture mechanics based models, cohesive-zone models, and models using the extended finite element method. It is highlighted that most models are phenomenological, based on the observed macro-scale behaviour of test specimens. It is suggested that a more physics based approach, focusing on elucidating the mechanisms involved, is needed to come to a full understanding of the problem of delamination growth.
1 year, 1000 km: The Oxford RobotCar dataset Maddern, Will; Pascoe, Geoffrey; Linegar, Chris ...
The International journal of robotics research,
01/2017, Letnik:
36, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present a challenging new dataset for autonomous driving: the Oxford RobotCar Dataset. Over the period of May 2014 to December 2015 we traversed a route through central Oxford twice a week on ...average using the Oxford RobotCar platform, an autonomous Nissan LEAF. This resulted in over 1000 km of recorded driving with almost 20 million images collected from 6 cameras mounted to the vehicle, along with LIDAR, GPS and INS ground truth. Data was collected in all weather conditions, including heavy rain, night, direct sunlight and snow. Road and building works over the period of a year significantly changed sections of the route from the beginning to the end of data collection. By frequently traversing the same route over the period of a year we enable research investigating long-term localization and mapping for autonomous vehicles in real-world, dynamic urban environments. The full dataset is available for download at: http://robotcar-dataset.robots.ox.ac.uk
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