Chronic disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Regular structured, comprehensive health assessments are ...available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as annual health checks funded through the Medicare Benefits Schedule. This realist review aims to identify context-specific enablers and tensions and contribute to developing an evidence framework to guide the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
The review will involve the following steps: (1) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement and research governance; (2) defining the scope of the review; (3) search strategy; (4) screening, study selection and appraisal; (5) data extraction and organisation of evidence; (6) data synthesis and drawing conclusions. This realist review will follow the Realist and MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards guidance and will be reported as set up by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols statement. The realist programme theory will be developed through a literature review using multiple database searches from 1 November 1999 to 31 June 2022, limited to the English language, and stakeholder consultation, which will be refined throughout the review process. The study findings will be reported by applying the context-mechanism-outcome configuration to gain a deeper understanding of context and underlying mechanisms that influence the implementation of health checks in the prevention and early detection of chronic diseases among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia.
Ethical approval is not required as this review will be using secondary data. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.
The review protocol has been registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews: CRD42022326697.
In this study, we describe a property of Gramineae genes, and perhaps all monocot genes, that is not observed in eudicot genes. Along the direction of transcription, beginning at the junction of the ...5'-UTR and the coding region, there are gradients in GC content, codon usage, and amino-acid usage. The magnitudes of these gradients are large enough to hinder the annotation of the rice genome and to confound the detection of protein homologies across the monocot-eudicot divide.
We describe a sequence assembler, RePS (repeat-masked Phrap with scaffolding), that explicitly identifies exact 20mer repeats from the shotgun data and removes them prior to the assembly. The ...established software is used to compute meaningful error probabilities for each base. Clone-end-pairing information is used to construct scaffolds that order and orient the contigs. We show with real data for human and rice that reasonable assemblies are possible even at coverages of only 4x to 6x, despite having up to 42.2% in exact repeats.
We sequenced 114 genes (for DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and detoxification)in a mixed human population and observed a sudden increase in the number of functional polymorphisms below a ...minor allele frequency of approximately 6%. Functionality is assessed by considering the ratio in the number of nonsynonymous single nucletide polymorphisms (SNPs)to the number of synonymous or intron SNPs. This ratio is steady from below 1% in frequency-that regime traditionally associated with rare Mendelian diseases-all the way up to about 6% in frequency, after which it falls precipitously. We consider possible explanations for this threshold effect. There are four candidates as follows: (1). deleterious variants that have yet to be purified from the population, (2). balancing selection, in which a selective advantage accrues to the heterozygotes, (3). population-specific functional polymorphisms, and (4). adaptive variants that are accumulating in the population as a response to the dramatic environmental changes of the last 7000 approximately 17000 years.
Minimal introns are not "junk" Yu, Jun; Yang, Zhiyong; Kibukawa, Miho ...
Genome research
12, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Intron-size distributions for most multicellular (and some unicellular) eukaryotes have a sharp peak at their "minimal intron" size. Across the human population, these minimal introns exhibit an ...abundance of insertion-deletion polymorphisms, the effect of which is to maintain their optimal size. We argue that minimal introns affect function by enhancing the rate at which mRNA is exported from the cell nucleus.
Is "junk" DNA mostly intron DNA? Wong, G K; Passey, D A; Huang, Y ...
Genome research,
11/2000, Letnik:
10, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Among higher eukaryotes, very little of the genome codes for protein. What is in the rest of the genome, or the "junk" DNA, that, in Homo sapiens, is estimated to be almost 97% of the genome? Is it ...possible that much of this "junk" is intron DNA? This is not a question that can be answered just by looking at the published data, even from the finished genomes. One cannot assume that there are no genes in a sequenced region, just because no genes were annotated. We introduce another approach to this problem, based on an analysis of the cDNA-to-genomic alignments, in all of the complete or nearly-complete genomes from the multicellular organisms. Our conclusion is that, in animals but not in plants, most of the "junk" is intron DNA.
Arc suppression of a dc energized contactor is presented. A circuit is developed to operate the contactor at zero voltage crossing for contact closure and at zero current crossing for contact opening ...under inductive load. A self-learning feature of contactor characteristics is also provided in the circuit such that the device can be adaptable to any dc energized contactor without discrimination.
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