La pandemia causada por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha puesto de manifiesto una serie de complicaciones cardiovasculares, entre las que destaca la ...miocarditis ocasionada tanto por la propia infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) como por la administración de vacunas de ARN mensajero. La elevada prevalencia de primoinfección, la difusión universal de los programas de vacunación y la constante aparición de nueva información sobre la miocarditis en estos contextos, hace necesario condensar el conocimiento adquirido desde el inicio de la pandemia. Con este objetivo, el Grupo de Trabajo Miocarditis de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, con la colaboración de la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), ha elaborado el presente documento que pretende abordar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los casos de miocarditis asociados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o la vacuna de ARN mensajero.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has revealed several cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) or after messenger RNA vaccine administration. Because of the high prevalence of COVID-19, the expansion of vaccination programs, and the appearance of new information on myocarditis in these contexts, there is a need to condense the knowledge acquired since the start of the pandemic. To meet this need, this document was drafted by the Myocarditis Working Group of the Heart Failure Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, with the collaboration of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS). The document aims to address the diagnosis and treatment of cases of myocarditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or messenger RNA vaccine administration.
Abstract Objective Bleeding in ACS patients is an independent marker of adverse outcomes. Its prognostic impact is even worse in elderly population. Current bleeding risk scores include chronological ...age but do not consider biologic vulnerability. No studies have assessed the effect of frailty on major bleeding. The aim of this study is to determine whether frailty status increases bleeding risk in patients with ACS. Methods This prospective and observational study included patients aged ≥ 75 years admitted due to type 1 myocardial infarction. Exclusion criteria were severe cognitive impairment, impossibility to measure handgrip strength, cardiogenic shock and limited life expectancy due to oncologic diseases. The primary endpoint was 30-day major bleeding defined as a decrease of ≥ 3 g/dl of haemoglobin or need of transfusion. Results A total of 190 patients were included. Frail patients (72, 37.9%) were older, with higher comorbidity features and with a higher CRUSADE score at admission. On univariate analysis, frailty predicted major bleeding during 30-day follow-up despite less frequent use of a P2Y12 inhibitor (66.2% vs 83.6%, p = 0.007) and decreased catheterisation rate (69.4% vs 94.1%, p < 0.001). Major bleeding was associated with increased all-cause mortality at day 30 (18.2% vs 2.5%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, frailty was an independent predictor for major bleeding. Conclusion Frailty phenotype, as a marker of biological vulnerability, is an independent predictor of major bleeding in elderly patients with ACS. Frailty can play an important role in bleeding risk stratification and objective indices should be integrated into routine initial evaluation of these patients.
Myocardial infarction (MI) patients are increasingly older, and common risk scores include chronological age, but do not consider chronic comorbidity or biological age. Frailty status reflects these ...variables and may be independently correlated with prognosis in this setting.
This study investigated the impact of frailty on the prognosis of elderly patients admitted due to MI.
This prospective and observational study included patients ≥75 years admitted to three tertiary hospitals in Spain due to MI. Frailty assessment was performed at admission using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Index (SHARE-FI) tool. The primary endpoint was the composite of death or non-fatal reinfarction during a follow-up of 1 year. Overall mortality, reinfarction, the composite of death, reinfarction and stroke, major bleeding, and readmission rates were also explored.
A total of 285 patients were enrolled. Frail patients (109, 38.2%) were older, with a higher score in the Charlson Comorbidity Index and with a higher risk score addressed in the GRACE and CRUSADE indexes. On multivariate analysis including GRACE, CRUSADE, maximum creatinine level, culprit lesion revascularization, complete revascularization, and dual antiplatelet therapy at discharge, frailty was an independent predictor of the composite of death and reinfarction (2.81, 95% CI 1.16-6.78) and overall mortality (3.07, 95% CI 1.35-6.98).
Frailty is an independent prognostic marker of the composite of mortality and reinfarction and of overall mortality in patients aged ≥75 years admitted due to MI.
Myocarditis is defined as myocardial inflammation and its etiology is highly diverse, including infectious agents, drugs, and autoimmune diseases. The clinical presentation also varies widely, ...extending beyond the classic clinical picture of acute chest pain, and includes cases of cardiomyopathy of unknown cause whose etiology may be inflammatory. Because certain patients may benefit from targeted treatments, the search for the etiology should begin when myocarditis is first suspected. There remain several areas of uncertainty in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Consequently, this consensus document aims to provide clear recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment. Hence, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed, specifying when non-invasive diagnosis with cardiac MR is appropriate vs a noninvasive approach with endomyocardial biopsy. In addition, more novel aspects are discussed, such as when to suspect an underlying genetic etiology. The recommendations cover the management of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, both for general complications and specific clinical entities.
La miocarditis se define como la inflamación del miocardio y su etiología es muy diversa e incluye procesos infecciosos, tóxicos o enfermedades autoinmunitarias. La presentación clínica es muy diversa, más allá del cuadro clásico con dolor torácico agudo, e incluye casos de miocardiopatía no filiada cuya etiología puede ser inflamatoria. Teniendo en cuenta que hay pacientes que pueden beneficiarse de tratamientos dirigidos, la búsqueda de la etiología debe iniciarse desde el momento en que se sospecha una miocarditis. Son todavía muchas las áreas de incertidumbre en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta afección, por lo que este documento de consenso se ha creado con el objetivo de proporcionar recomendaciones claras en relación con su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico que especifica en qué pacientes se puede establecer un diagnóstico no invasivo con resonancia magnética cardiaca frente a invasiva con biopsia endomiocárdica, y se indaga en aspectos más novedosos como cuándo sospechar una etiología genética subyacente. Asimismo se establecen recomendaciones en cuanto al tratamiento de la miocarditis y la miocardiopatía inflamatoria, tanto de las complicaciones generales como de entidades clínicas específicas.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has revealed several cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) or after ...messenger RNA vaccine administration. Because of the high prevalence of COVID-19, the expansion of vaccination programs, and the appearance of new information on myocarditis in these contexts, there is a need to condense the knowledge acquired since the start of the pandemic. To meet this need, this document was drafted by the Myocarditis Working Group of the Heart Failure Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, with the collaboration of the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS). The document aims to address the diagnosis and treatment of cases of myocarditis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or messenger RNA vaccine administration.
La pandemia causada por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha puesto de manifiesto una serie de complicaciones cardiovasculares, entre las que destaca la miocarditis ocasionada tanto por la propia infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) como por la administración de vacunas de ARN mensajero. La elevada prevalencia de primoinfección, la difusión universal de los programas de vacunación y la constante aparición de nueva información sobre la miocarditis en estos contextos, hace necesario condensar el conocimiento adquirido desde el inicio de la pandemia. Con este objetivo, el Grupo de Trabajo Miocarditis de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, con la colaboración de la Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (AEMPS), ha elaborado el presente documento que pretende abordar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los casos de miocarditis asociados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o la vacuna de ARN mensajero.
Una vegetación de infarto Matute-Blanco, Lucía; Pastor Pueyo, Pablo; Rivera, Kristian
Revista española de cardiologia,
April 2020, 2020-04-00, Letnik:
73, Številka:
4
Journal Article
