•Assessment of spur dikes performance with the effect of seepage.•Investigated the scour depth migration with time and space.•Maximum scour depth identification with the effect of downward ...seepage.•Bed elevation changes in the field of spur dike with and without seepage.
The current work uses an experimental method to analyse a multiscale statistical assessment of scour depth surrounding the spur dikes with downward seepage. The experiments used three T-shape spur dikes arranged in three series and provided outward from the channel's bank. A no-seepage condition and two distinct seepage velocities, VS1 = 0.09 mm/s and VS2 = 0.18 mm/s, were used in the experiments. Seepage from a channel affects the morphological behaviour and stability of the channel's bed, leading to changes in its hydrodynamic characteristics. In addition, downward seepage movement shifts the flow near the channel boundary and weakens the particles' stability. Thus, the streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress increase near the bed. As the seepage velocity increases, the local scour formation also rises relative to the channel's bed until the channel reaches a state of equilibrium. The celerity of scour depth for both time and length scales depends on the amount of downward seepage. Initially, higher seepage leads to faster changes in the scour depth, but over time, this rate decreases until it becomes constant. The bedform elevations' tails are thicker initially, but they become thinner and closer to the Gaussian distribution curve over time.
•By using appropriate amount of nano aluminum oxide performance of diesel engine could be improved.•Nano aluminum oxide helps to improve the efficiency when it is running with biodiesel mixed ...diesel.•Maximum brake power and maximum Brake thermal efficiency are observed, when 0.5 g/l of n-Al2O3 is added to B20.•Optimal value of concentration of the nano-particles is calculated as 0.4592 g/l into B20.•Addition of 0.4592 g/l of n-Al2O3 into the biodiesel blended diesel has been recommended.
Petroleum products such as petrol and diesels are being used as a fuel to the running of Internal Combustion Engines. Day by day demands for the petroleum products is increasing since its rate of consumption is increasing. If the trend will continue the whole world may suffer from shortage of petroleum products. Therefore it is necessary to find different ways of reducing fuel consumption and at the same time to improve the performance of IC engine; it is necessary to find out some additives to mix it with the mixture of petroleum product and alternative fuel and one can formulate a new fuel.
So the project’s focus is given to improve the performance of CI engine using diesel and bio-diesel by adding appropriate amount of nano-aluminum oxide (n-Al2O3). An experimental investigation was carried out to find out the performance of Single cylinder, 4 stroke diesel engine using Jatropha oil bio diesel and n-Al2O3 mixed diesel. The n-Al2O3 of size <50 nm was mixed into the mixture of diesel and bio-diesel at the rate of 0.25 g/l, 0.5 g/l, 0.75 g/l and 1.00 g/l for formulation of new fuels. Nano-Al2O3 posses better combustion characteristics and enhanced surface area to volume ratio which results in better oxidation of the fuel mixture and hence enhances the combustion sufficiency of the test fuel. The diesel fuel without and with Jatropha oil bio-diesel and n-Al2O3 additive were tested in a direct injection diesel engine at different load conditions and results shown a considerable enhancement in the brake thermal efficiency compared to mixture of diesel and bio-diesel without n-Al2O3 because the additive has improved degree of mixing with air and better combustion characteristics. By the project it had been found the better results while using n-Al2O3 nano particle as an additive.
The present work experimentally analyses the flow behaviour near the T-shaped spur dike field with no seepage, 5%, and 10% downward seepage. Experiments were aimed at analysing the channel morphology ...with different discharges. According to the results, downward seepage movement causes significant modification in the channels bed elevation and the development of scour depth. The maximum scour depth is observed at the edge of the first spur dike facing the flow. The rate of scouring also increases with the effect of seepage. Due to downward seepage, the flow distribution is shifted near the channel bed. However, near the channel boundary attained some velocity, significantly enhancing the sediment transport rate. The wake zone between the spur dikes saw very low-velocity magnitudes of positive and negative values. This reveals secondary current generation inside the loop and cross-stream circulation. With an increment of seepage percentage, the velocity, Reynold shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy magnitude also rise close to the channel's boundary.
Natural fibre composites are of interest for a wide range of semi-structural applications in the building, construction and automotive sector. For a number of these applications, the evaluation of ...performance degradation after impact is of some relevance. The present work focused on the influence of fibre volume fraction and fibre surface treatment on the residual load-bearing capability of hemp fibre-reinforced sheet moulding compound (H-SMC) after non-penetrating impacts. Post-impact flexural strength and stiffness of H-SMC decreased linearly with increasing impact energy. At higher impact energy levels, the residual flexural strength of H-SMC improved with increasing fibre volume fraction. However, for the same amount of absorbed energy, the residual strength or damage tolerance capability of glass fibre-reinforced sheet moulding compound was about twice that of H-SMC. Composites based on surface treated hemp fibres showed a slight improvement in residual flexural strength, particularly for systems based on hemp fibres treated with a combined alkaline and silane surface treatment. Surface treated systems showed improved levels of adhesion and increased levels of energy absorption through potential mechanisms such as debonding, pull-out or fibre fibrillation.
Breast cancers metastasize most commonly to the bone, brain, liver, and lungs, but rarely to the gastrointestinal tract. Although metastatic breast carcinomas in the stomach can be confused with ...primary gastric cancers due to their nonspecific presentation and rare incidence, it is important to differentiate the two since the treatment is different. Clinical suspicion is imperative for a prompt endoscopic evaluation and a definitive diagnosis that will lead to appropriate treatment. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of gastric metastasis of breast cancers, especially in those with a history of invasive lobular breast carcinoma and a new onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Ultrasound elastography is gaining attention for its diagnostic potential across various medical fields, and its physical properties make it valuable in modern clinical medicine. However, its ...specific attributes, especially in the context of recent medical advancements, remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to identify instrument-specific characteristics and applications of real-time ultrasound elastography, shear wave elastography, and strain elastography, particularly within gastroenterology. Following PRISMA guidelines, the study examined elastography articles on databases like PubMed, resulting in 78 included articles. Data on patient demographics, organ involvement, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were extracted. Statistical analysis involved SPSS version 21, with significance set at p < 0.05. The majority of patients were male (50.50%), with a mean age of 42.73 ± 4.41 years. Shear wave elastography was the most prevalent technique (48.7%), and liver investigations were predominant in gastroenterology (34.6%). Gastrointestinal applications showed higher sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values (p < 0.05) but lower specificity (p < 0.05). Real-time ultrasound elastography exhibited increased specificity, accuracy, and predictive values (p < 0.05). Ultrasound elastography appears more accurate and effective in gastroenterological settings. Nonetheless, its performance depends on instrument-specific and operator-dependent factors. While promising, further studies are necessary to ascertain optimal utilization in both gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal conditions.
ABSTRACTThe successful stabilization of riverbanks and the construction of sustainable foundations, extensive knowledge of the scour process and accurate assessment of scour depth around spur dikes ...are required. This study focuses on optimizing the spur dike shape to manage flow turbulence effectively and minimize local scour while considering the impact of downward seepage. The investigation was conducted within an experimental flume featuring a mobile bed under a clear water regime and the provision for downward seepage. The investigation concentrated on three distinct spur dike shapes (T, L, and rectangular) under different seepage velocities (VS1 and VS2) and a no-seepage condition. The current study also illustrates changes in bed morphology, temporal evolution and longitudinal profile of scour depth with and without downward seepage. The results reveal that the downward seepage intensifies the motion of sediment particles, and more seepage leads to an escalated particle detachment, resulting in deeper scour depressions. The T-shaped spur dikes exhibited the lowest scour depths compared to the other shapes, both with and without seepage. The negative impact on velocity and RSS magnitude was observed at the near channels bed where maximum scour depth was achieved. This phenomenon is closely linked to horseshoe vortices’ formation and current generation. These factors play a pivotal role in the detachment of particles from the base of the structure.
Enoxaparin, a form of low-molecular-weight heparin, can cause a rare, underreported, and often reversible form of hepatocellular injury. This report describes a case of enoxaparin-induced ...hepatotoxicity in a 61-year-old male diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Elevations of liver enzymes were noted within 1 week of starting the drug, followed by a dramatic improvement upon its discontinuation, with subsequent normalization in the following days.
The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is increasing globally due to factors such as urbanization, obesity, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, healthcare accessibility, ...diagnostic advancements, and genetic influences. Research on MAFLD and HCC risk factors, pathogenesis, and biomarkers has been conducted through a narrative review of relevant studies, with a focus on PubMed and Web of Science databases and exclusion criteria based on article availability and language. Steatosis marks the early stage of MASH advancement, commonly associated with factors of metabolic syndrome such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Various mechanisms, including heightened lipolysis, hepatic lipogenesis, and consumption of high-calorie diets, contribute to the accumulation of lipids in the liver. Insulin resistance is pivotal in the development of steatosis, as it leads to the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. Natural compounds hold promise in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation to combat these conditions. Liver fibrosis serves as a significant predictor of MASH progression and HCC development, underscoring the need to target fibrosis in treatment approaches. Risk factors for MASH-associated HCC encompass advanced liver fibrosis, older age, male gender, metabolic syndrome, genetic predispositions, and dietary habits, emphasizing the requirement for efficient surveillance and diagnostic measures. Considering these factors, it is important for further studies to determine the biochemical impact of these risk factors in order to establish targeted therapies that can prevent the development of HCC or reduce progression of MASH, indirectly decreasing the risk of HCC.
Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms is a known vascular complication of pancreatitis that can lead to life-threatening hemorrhages with a high mortality rate if left untreated. We present a case of ...ruptured gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in a 68-year-old male with acute pancreatitis presenting with fatal gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal bleeding that was successfully managed with endovascular coil embolization of the involved vasculature. Patients with hemorrhagic pancreatitis or those presenting with unexplained retroperitoneal or gastrointestinal bleeding in the setting of pancreatitis with an unexplained drop in hematocrit or sudden expansion of pancreatic fluid collection should be screened in a timely manner for pseudoaneurysm using CT angiogram of the abdomen, which is the gold standard imaging modality to identify pseudoaneurysms. Once pseudoaneurysm is diagnosed, it should be treated immediately. Endovascular treatment options are now favored over surgical options in most cases.
PDF
