Abstract
Photoexcited lead-free perovskite CH
3
NH
3
SnI
3
based solar cell device was simulated using a solar cell capacitance simulator. It was modeled to investigate its output characteristics ...under AM 1.5G illumination. Simulation efforts are focused on the thickness, acceptor concentration and defect density of absorber layer on photovoltaic properties of solar cell device. In addition, the impact of various metal contact work function was also investigated. The simulation results indicate that an absorber thickness of 500 nm is appropriate for a good photovoltaic cell. Oxidation of Sn
2+
into Sn
4+
was considered and it is found that the reduction of acceptor concentration of absorber layer significantly improves the device performance. Further, optimizing the defect density (10
14
cm
−3
) of the perovskite absorber layer, encouraging results of the
J
sc
of 40.14 mA/cm
2
,
V
oc
of 0.93 V,
FF
of 75.78% and
PCE
of 28.39% were achieved. Finally, an anode material with a high work function is necessary to get the device's better performance. The high-power conversion efficiency opens a new avenue for attaining clean energy.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide a high-throughput means to generate large amount of sequence data. However, quality control (QC) of sequence data generated from these ...technologies is extremely important for meaningful downstream analysis. Further, highly efficient and fast processing tools are required to handle the large volume of datasets. Here, we have developed an application, NGS QC Toolkit, for quality check and filtering of high-quality data. This toolkit is a standalone and open source application freely available at http://www.nipgr.res.in/ngsqctoolkit.html. All the tools in the application have been implemented in Perl programming language. The toolkit is comprised of user-friendly tools for QC of sequencing data generated using Roche 454 and Illumina platforms, and additional tools to aid QC (sequence format converter and trimming tools) and analysis (statistics tools). A variety of options have been provided to facilitate the QC at user-defined parameters. The toolkit is expected to be very useful for the QC of NGS data to facilitate better downstream analysis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Electrocatalytic water‐splitting has gained a firm hold in the area of renewable hydrogen production owing to its integrative compatibility with intermittent energy sources. However, wide‐scale ...implementation of this technology demands discovery of new electrode materials that strike a good balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. In the pool of inexpensive electrodes capable of catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, metal borides/borates have made a big splash in the last decade. However, the research in this family of electrocatalysts remains unorganized owing to the diversity of reports. This review summarizes the past and present research progress in metal borides/borates for electrocatalytic water‐splitting. The fundamental reasons for electrochemical behavior in different metal borides/borates are highlighted here, also including some comments regarding erroneous practices in the performance evaluation of metal borides/borates. Various strategies used to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of metal borides/borates are discussed in detail. Different methods evolved over the years for the synthesis of metal borides/borates are also discussed. Finally, an assessment of the commercial viability of metal borides/borates is made and future research directions are suggested.
The unprecedented emergence of metal borides/borates as a highly efficient family of materials for electrocatalytic water‐splitting is reviewed. A discussion on the theories to understand their reaction mechanism, various material engineering strategies to improve their performance, and different synthesis routes for their fabrication is included in the review. A concrete future perspective is provided for further research and development.
Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the second-generation distal attachment cuff device (Endocuff Vision; Olympus America, Center Valley, Pa, USA) have reported conflicting results in ...improving adenoma detection rate (ADR) compared with standard high-definition colonoscopy without the distal attachment. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to compare outcomes between second-generation cuff colonoscopy (CC) versus colonoscopy without the distal attachment (standard colonoscopy SC).
An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library through May 2020. The primary outcome was reporting of ADR, and secondary outcomes were polyp detection rate (PDR), mean withdrawal time, mean adenomas per colonoscopy (APC), sessile serrated lesion detection rate, and adverse events. Pooled rates and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported.
Eight RCTs with 5695 patients were included in the final analysis, with 2862 patients (mean age, 62.8 years; 52.9% men) in the CC group and 2833 patients (mean age, 62.6 years; 54.2% men) in the SC group. Compared with SC, use of CC was associated with a significant improvement in ADR (49.8% vs 45.6%, respectively; RR, 1.12; P = .02), PDR (58.1% vs 53%, respectively; RR, 1.12; P = .009), and APC (P < .01). Furthermore, use of CC had a .93-minute lower mean withdrawal time (P < .01) when compared with SC. The difference in ADR was larger in the screening/surveillance population (6.5%, P = .02) and when used by endoscopists with ADRs <30% (9.4%, P = .03).
The results of this meta-analysis of randomized trials show a significant improvement in ADR and APC with shorter withdrawal times using the second-generation cuff device compared with SC.
•Comparative analysis of ammonia and methanol heat pipe is investigated.•Thermal resistance and total mass of heat pipe are considered for the comparative analysis.•Optimization problem of heat pipe ...is developed and solved.•Investigate the effect of geometric parameters on the performance of heat pipe.•Investigate the sensitivity of design variables on the performance of heat pipe.
In this work, a satellite heat pipe operated with the ammonia and methanol are investigated for the multi-objective optimization. Optimization results are used for the comparative analysis of both the heat pipe. Optimization problem of the heat pipe is formed considering minimization of the thermal resistance and total mass of heat pipe and solved using the heat transfer search algorithm. An application example of satellite heat pipe is presented, and results are obtained in the form of Pareto-optimal points. Seven geometric parameters which include the length of evaporator and condenser section, tube wall thickness, vapor core diameter, mesh number of wick, thickness of wick, and diameter of wick wire are investigated in the optimization study. Further, the effect of condenser temperature, heat load, and length of the adiabatic section on ammonia and methanol heat pipe is explored and discussed. Furthermore, the effect of the design variables and its sensitivity to performance parameters of the heat pipe are also presented. Comparative results revel that, for any given value of the total mass of heat pipe, 82.17–57.16% lower thermal resistance is observed with the ammonia heat pipe as compared to methanol heat pipe. Finally, uncertainty propagation analysis of the obtained Pareto solutions are carried out with the different uncertainty levels and observed that the results have relatively good robustness performance for uncertainty less than 5%.
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Cholesterol is an amphipathic sterol molecule that is vital for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis. It is a relatively complicated molecule with 27 carbons whose synthesis ...starts with 2-carbon units. This in itself signifies the importance of this molecule. Cholesterol serves as a precursor for vitamin D, bile acids, and hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progestogens, and corticosteroids. Although essential, high cholesterol levels are associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases and cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
Although there are some contrary reports, current literature suggests a positive association between serum cholesterol levels and the risk and extent of cancer development. In this review, we first present a brief overview of cholesterol biosynthesis and its transport, then elucidate the role of cholesterol in the progression of some cancers. Suggested mechanisms for cholesterol-mediated cancer progression are plentiful and include the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and the induction of oxidative stress, among others. The specific roles of the lipoprotein molecules, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in this pathogenesis, are also reviewed. Finally, we hone on the potential role of some cholesterol-lowering medications in cancer.
This article describes a novel three‐dimensional classification for external cervical resorption (ECR). The European Society of Endodontology and American Association of Endodontists & American ...Academy of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology position statements advise that Cone beam computed tomography should be considered for the assessment and/or management of root resorption if it appears to be clinically amenable to treatment following clinical and conventional radiographic examination. The new classification takes into account the ECR lesion height (1: at CEJ level or coronal to the bone crest (supracrestal), 2: extends into the coronal third of the root and apical to the bone crest (subcrestal), 3: extends into the mid‐third of the root, 4: extends into the apical third of the root), circumferential spread (A: ≤90° B: ≤180° C: ≤270° D: >270°) and proximity to the root canal (d: lesion confined to dentine, p: probable pulpal involvement), thus classifying ECR in three dimensions. At present, there is no classification to accurately describe ECR. This novel and clinically relevant three‐dimensional classification should allow effective and accurate communication of ECR lesions between colleagues. It will also allow the effect of the nature of ECR on the outcome of treatment to be assessed objectively.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world’s population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been ...the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.
Diagnostic radiography education research is often aimed at developing new academic theory or pedagogy to instil evidence-based practice and bridge the theory-practice gap. However, there has been ...little empirical research of how knowledge is created and shared in the clinical learning environment. This paper offers a new perspective on professional knowledge sharing in radiography education through the theory of clinical mindlines.
Scrutinising clinical mindlines theory against current radiography education literature highlights issues with our conceptualisation of knowledge, and gaps in our understanding of how professional knowledge is created, shared, and accessed in radiography education. Empirical research exploring these factors, particularly in the clinical learning environment is largely absent from the current literature.
Discourse on knowledge sharing in radiography education has historically been dictated by pedagogical theory and established within an academic setting. Using the clinical mindlines theory offers terminology and a framework which is rooted in clinical and organisational contexts, allowing us to study clinical learning and education more effectively.
Clinical mindlines have been effectively used across the healthcare landscape to understand and improve the movement of knowledge across boundaries. Radiography educators and researchers can use this new perspective to recognise the processes which aid knowledge sharing between diverse stakeholder groups. Radiographers and students can use this concept to reflect on their teaching and learning in practice to identify moments for more effective knowledge sharing.
Harmine,a beta-carboline alkaloid,is widely distributed in the plants,marine creatures,insects, mammalians as well as in human tissues and body fluids.Harmine was originally isolated from seeds of ...Peganum harmal in 1847 having a core indole structure and a pyridine ring.Harmine has various types of pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial,antifungal,antitumor,cytotoxic, antiplasmodial,antioxidaant,antimutagenic,antigenotoxic and hallucinogenic properties.It acts on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and monoamine oxidase A or B receptor,enhances insulin sensitivity and also produces vasorelaxant effect.Harmine prevents bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis.The current review gives an overview on pharmacological activity and analytical techniques of harmine,which may be useful for researcheres to explore the hidden potential of harmine and and will also help in developing new drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
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