We report crater formation due to interaction of the high power laser pulse with the brass and aluminum in water and air ambient. The deposited nanostructures on brass near and away from the crater ...periphery are distinctly different with larger particle size (3.5 mu m) and broader particle size distribution with full width half maximum (FWHM) 2.9 mu m close to the crater compared to relatively smaller particle size (2.5 mu m) and narrower size distribution (FWHM 1.7 mu m) near the periphery of the crater in air ambient. The morphology of brass in water ambient shows nanosize particles (55nm) and narrow distribution (FWHM 7.5nm) away from the crater with nanorod shaped structures at crater periphery.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is a rare opportunistic infection caused by fungi from the Mucoraceae family. This fulminant disease typically affects individuals with poorly controlled diabetes or ...immunological disorders; however, individuals with no underlying condition have also been known to contract RCM. Due to rapid progression of this disease, early diagnosis followed by prompt medical and surgical intervention is crucial in achieving a positive outcome. The authors describe the successful management of an RCM patient who developed stenosis and a pseudoaneurysm in the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during medical treatment. The patient underwent endovascular treatment of the associated mycotic pseudoaneurysm and stenosis in addition to a radical bilateral debridement of the paranasal sinuses and infratemporal and temporal fosse. The authors review 41 cases from the last 28 years and analyze the incidence and mortality of ICA involvement in RCM, with emphasis on the importance of a multimodal treatment in the management of RCM.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus. Many new studies have been reported recently that describe EoE management. An expert panel was convened by the ...American Gastroenterological Association Institute and the Joint Task Force on Allergy-Immunology Practice Parameters to provide a technical review to be used as the basis for an updated clinical guideline. This technical review was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Eighteen focused EoE management questions were considered, with 15 answered using the GRADE framework and 3 with a narrative summary. There is moderate certainty in the evidence that topical glucocorticosteroids effectively reduce esophageal eosinophil counts to <15 per high-power field over a short-term treatment period of 4–12 weeks, but very low certainty about the effects of using topical glucocorticosteroids as maintenance therapy. Multiple dietary strategies may be effective in reducing esophageal eosinophil counts to <15 per high-power field over a short-term treatment period, with moderate certainty for elemental diets, low certainty for empiric 2-, 4-, and 6-food elimination diets, and very low certainty that allergy-based testing dietary eliminations have a higher failure rate compared to empiric diet elimination. There is very low certainty for the effect of proton pump inhibitors in patients with esophageal eosinophilia. Although esophageal dilation appears to be relatively safe, there is no evidence that it reduces esophageal eosinophil counts. There is very low certainty in the effects of multiple other medical treatments for EoE: anti–interleukin-5 therapy, anti–interleukin-13 therapy, anti-IgE therapy, montelukast, cromolyn, and anti-TNF therapy.
We report a comparative study of a single plasma and a colliding laser produced plasma, investigated using a Faraday cup. An enhancement in ion emission and stagnation is observed in colliding plasma ...plume compared to single plasma plume. We observed that fast ion generation in laser ablated plasma can be achieved at large laser intensity on to the target. As laser intensity increases ionic yield increases for both colliding and single plume and at a fixed laser intensity ionic yield decreases with increase in ambient pressure. The double peak structure is observed in the ion signal at large fluence where the peaks correspond to fast and slow species. A Faraday cup composed of nine collectors is used to measure the spatial/angular distribution of ion of expanding plasma plume. Ionic yield is found to be larger in the colliding plasma plume than the single plasma plume at all spatial/angular positions.
Faraday cup; Laser-produced plasma; Colliding plasma; Carbon plasma.
In this long-term follow-up study, men with hemophilia B had steady production of functional factor IX after gene transfer with an adeno-associated viral vector. Patients had a marked reduction in ...bleeding episodes and factor IX replacement with minimal toxicity.
Hemophilia B, an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder, results from a defect in the gene encoding coagulation factor IX, a serine protease that is critical for blood clotting. Patients with functional plasma levels of factor IX that are less than 1% of the normal value (1 IU per deciliter) have a severe phenotype characterized by frequent spontaneous bleeding episodes that result in chronic, debilitating arthropathy and occasionally death.
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Current treatment to prevent these bleeding episodes entails lifelong intravenous injections of factor IX every 2 or 3 days. Although this treatment is effective in preventing spontaneous bleeding episodes, it is not curative . . .
The Fundamental Attribution Error in Dermatology Patel, Raj H.; Pixley, Jessica N.; Feldman, Steven R.
Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery,
03/2024, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
The concurrence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ...presents an intriguing problem with many uncertainties underlying their pathogenesis. Despite over 96.2 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide as of January 22, 2021, reports of patients coinfected with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. It remains unknown whether HIV patients are at a greater risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2, despite their immunocompromised status. We present a systematic review of the literature reporting cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and examine trends of clinical outcomes among coinfected patients. We systematically compiled 63 reports of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, published as of January 22, 2021. These studies were retrieved through targeted search terms applied to PubMed/Medline and manual search. Despite scattered evidence, reports indicate a favorable prognosis for HIV patients with strict adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, the presence of comorbidities was associated with a poorer prognosis in HIV/SARS-CoV-2 patients, despite cART and viral suppression. Studies were limited by geographic coverage, small sample size, lack of patient details, and short follow-up durations. Although some anti-HIV drugs have shown promising
activity against SARS-CoV-2, there is no conclusive evidence of the clinical efficacy of any anti-HIV drug in the treatment of COVID-19. Further research is needed to explain the under-representation of severe COVID-19 cases among the HIV patient population and to explore the possible protective mechanisms of cART in this vulnerable population.
Venous thromboembolism and ethnicity Roberts, Lara N.; Patel, Raj K.; Arya, Roopen
British journal of haematology,
August 2009, Letnik:
146, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Summary
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has long been considered a disease that affects predominantly white populations, a misconception resulting from a paucity of epidemiological data from non‐Western ...countries, and the low incidence of hereditary thrombophilia in those of non‐Caucasian background. Over the last decade, interest has grown in this area with the emergence of evidence that VTE is as prevalent, if not more so, in the black population and is also common in Asian groups. Much is still to be learned, as our current knowledge of hereditary thrombophilia and acquired risk factors do not fully explain the risk of VTE in non‐Caucasian groups. This review summarises the current understanding of ethnic variation in VTE and highlights the need for further research in this area.
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