Abstract
Introduction
Prompt recognition and aggressive management of acute intoxication due to organophosphorus poisoning are essential to minimize the morbidity and mortality. The present study ...was undertaken to know the prognosis and outcome of organophosphorus poisoning patients with the estimation of low-cost enzymes like the serum amylase level in a population with financial constraints.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we had enrolled 100 cases that had a history of exposure to organophosphorus compounds, and the serum amylase level was measured in all the patients. We assessed the outcome of all the patients in the form of discharge, need of ventilators, intensive care unit stay, and death.
Results
The mean serum amylase level in discharge patients was 335.40 ± 192.45, and in the patients who died it was 843.37 ± 22.60. It was significant to predict the outcome (
t
-value 7.07,
p
-value 0.0001, statistically significant).
Conclusion
Serum amylase level shows significant correlation with clinical outcomes in organophosphorus poisoning.
Background: Dental caries is considered as one of the most serious dental diseases that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tooth tissues. As possible alternatives to ...conventional techniques of caries removal, chemomechanical caries removal systems have emerged. This study aims to clinically observe the advantages of chemomechanical method of caries removal over conventional technique.
Materials and Methods: Inthis randomized controlled trial a total of 60 children with Class 1 open carious lesions were selected for the study. They were divided into two equal groups according to a method of caries removal (30 chemomechanical and 30 conventional on permanent molars). In Group A, caries was removed using the Carie-Care system and in Group B with the conventional drill and were restored equally with glass ionomer cement. The visual analogy face scale was used to determine the level of anxiety in children at baseline, during treatment and after treatment.
Results: The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Student's unpaired t-test. It showed that though chemomechanical technique took a marginal increase in time compared to the conventional technique, it was found to be more comfortable for all the children.
Conclusion: Chemomechanical technique though time-consuming is definitely superior compared to the conventional technique provided we use a less technique sensitive restorative material which retains in the oral cavity for longer period. It is definitely a better treatment protocol in school-based dental treatment and atraumatic restorative dentistry compared to the conventional technique.
Carpometacarpal joint fracture dislocation of the second to fifth finger is a rare hand injury associated with high energy trauma. Due to severe swelling and overlapping of bones on the radiograph of ...wrist-hand, dislocations are missed. We reported a series of six patients with rare carpometacarpal joint fracture dislocation treated with open reduction.
We retrospectively studied six cases of carpometacarpal joint fracture dislocation. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire. Functional assessment was done with Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (Quick DASH score) at regular intervals.
Average Quick DASH score was improved from 75.76 to 1.9 from 6 weeks to 18 months of duration. Of the six patients, three patients had a Quick DASH score of 0 at the end of 18 months.
Careful hand examination and radiographic assessment is necessary to avoid missed diagnosis of carpometacarpal joint fracture dislocation. Early open reduction and internal fixation lead to excellent recovery of hand function.
Low vitamin D levels affects muscle function. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency cause osteomalacic myopathy and poor functional recovery after hip fractures. The relationship of vitamin D and ...functional performance after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is not previously reported.
Influence of vitamin D on functional performance before and after TKA was reviewed retrospectively in 120 patients. Of these, 64 had vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxy vitamin D < 30 ng/mL) preoperatively. All 120 patients received vitamin D oral supplementation postoperatively. Functional parameters including Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, and Knee Society Score were assessed pre- and postoperatively at 3 months.
Preoperative function was significantly lower in osteoarthritic patients with vitamin D deficiency (WOMAC score; p = 0.040), but at 3 months all functional scores were similar.
We concluded that vitamin D deficiency has a negative effect on function in knee osteoarthritic patients. However, postoperative vitamin D supplementation can lead to functional recovery in these patients. Thus, TKA should not be delayed in vitamin D deficient patients; rather supplementation in the postoperative period is preferable to achieve comparable functional outcome at 3 months to patients with vitamin D sufficiency.
As time passes more and more poorly water soluble drug are being discovered. Formulating these drugs in to amorphous solid dispersion is an effective strategy to deliver poorly water soluble drugs. ...Spray drying is one of common and a well-established manufacturing technique which can be used to formulate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). However, the spray drying is complex phenomenon and the spray drying process parameters yield the ASD with specific characteristics. Various diverse factors interact in an inter-dependent manner to determine the final product properties. This review discusses the basic background of spray drying, and various aspects of spray drying such as instrumentation, thermodynamics, drying kinetics, particle formation process and scale-up challenges are included. Recent advances in the spray-based drying techniques are mentioned along with some future avenues where major research is needed.
Thin films of lithium niobate are wafer bonded onto silicon substrates and rib-loaded with a chalcogenide glass, Ge(23)Sb(7)S(70), to demonstrate strongly confined single-mode submicron waveguides, ...microring modulators, and Mach-Zehnder modulators in the telecom C band. The 200 μm radii microring modulators present 1.2 dB/cm waveguide propagation loss, 1.2 × 10(5) quality factor, 0.4 GHz/V tuning rate, and 13 dB extinction ratio. The 6 mm long Mach-Zehnder modulators have a half-wave voltage-length product of 3.8 V.cm and an extinction ratio of 15 dB. The demonstrated work is a key step towards enabling wafer scale dense on-chip integration of high performance lithium niobate electro-optical devices on silicon for short reach optical interconnects and higher order advanced modulation schemes.
Rehabilitation of corroded pipes that are used for marine applications working under internal pressure is not only difficult task but also produces large amount of waste. In this paper, the repairing ...process of underwater steel pipes with woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites is studied. ASME PCC-2 and ISO- 24817 are the only available design codes for the design of such repair system. These two codes suggest calculating the minimum composite repair thickness for a given design pressure based on the diameter of the pipe, its wall thickness and composite allowable strain. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient of the glass fiber-epoxy composite laminate increased with time of sea-water exposure. After 40 days of immersion of this laminate in sea water at 85°C, 43.4% reduction in strength & 14.9% reduction in modulus were observed. The hoop stresses in repaired pipe before and after dipping were increased from 288.64 MPato 357.89 MPa, suggesting a need for higher composite repair thickness for complete rehabilitation. A satisfactory agreement between numerical and experimental results is obtained
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