High yielding rice varieties are usually low in grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. These two micronutrients are involved in many enzymatic activities, lack of which cause many disorders in human ...body. Bio-fortification is a cheaper and easier way to improve the content of these nutrients in rice grain.
A population panel was prepared representing all the phenotypic classes for grain Fe-Zn content from 485 germplasm lines. The panel was studied for genetic diversity, population structure and association mapping of grain Fe-Zn content in the milled rice. The population showed linkage disequilibrium showing deviation of Hardy-Weinberg's expectation for Fe-Zn content in rice. Population structure at K = 3 categorized the panel population into distinct sub-populations corroborating with their grain Fe-Zn content. STRUCTURE analysis revealed a common primary ancestor for each sub-population. Novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) namely qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected using association mapping. Four QTLs, namely qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qFe8.1 and qFe12.2 for grain Fe content were detected to be co-localized with qZn3.1, qZn7, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 QTLs controlling grain Zn content, respectively. Additionally, some Fe-Zn controlling QTLs were co-localized with the yield component QTLs, qTBGW, OsSPL14 and qPN. The QTLs qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qZn6, qZn7 and gRMm9-1 for grain Fe-Zn content reported in earlier studies were validated in this study.
Novel QTLs, qFe3.3 and qFe7.3 for grain Fe and qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 for Zn content were detected for these two traits. Four Fe-Zn controlling QTLs and few yield component QTLs were detected to be co-localized. The QTLs, qFe1.1, qFe3.1, qFe5.1, qFe7.1, qFe8.1, qFe3.3, qFe7.3, qZn6, qZn7, qZn2.2, qZn8.3 and qZn12.3 will be useful for biofortification of the micronutrients. Simultaneous enhancement of Fe-Zn content may be possible with yield component traits in rice.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The concept of realization of Weyl points close to the Fermi level in materials with broken time-reversal symmetry has significant theoretical and technological ramifications. Here, we review the ...investigation of magneto-transport measurements in single crystals of magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. We see a turn-on like behaviour followed by saturation in resistivity under magnetic field in the low temperature region which is allocated to the topological surface states. A non-saturating magnetoresistance, linear at high fields, is observed at low temperatures where applied magnetic field is transverse to the current direction. The linear negative magnetoresistance at low magnetic fields (B < 0.1 T) provides evidence for time reversal symmetry breaking in Co3Sn2S2. Chiral anomaly in Weyl metallic state in Co3Sn2S2 is confirmed from the breakdown of Ohm's law in the electronic transport. Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillation measurement has unveiled the multiple sub-bands on the Fermi surface that corresponds to a non-trivial Berry phase. The non-linear behaviour in Hall resistivity validates the existence of two type of charge carriers with equal electron and hole densities. Strong temperature dependence of carrier mobilities reflects the systematic violation of Kohler's rule in Co3Sn2S2. Our findings open avenues to study kagome-lattice based magnetic Weyl semimetals that unfurl the basic topological aspects leading to significant ramification for spintronics.
With the recent success in using time series data, many nonlinear identification tools have emerged to learn the nonlinear dynamics of unknown physical systems. However, if the nonlinearity level is ...very high or too small, in many cases, the identified model fails to precisely learn the actual dynamics of the system, which in turn makes the closed-loop control more challenging. Finding out a suitable system identification routine for identifying a given nonlinear system based on the nonlinearity level is still cryptic. In this article, we propose an integrated framework ‘System identification in coherence with nonlinearity measure’ that involves three reliable nonlinear system identification methods and a ‘Convergence area-based Nonlinear Metric’ (CANM). The nonlinear identification methods in order are (a) An enhanced key term-based Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics with control (kSINDYc) (b) Standard Nonlinear Least Square method (NL2SQ) and (c) Neural Network-based Nonlinear Auto Regressive Exogenous input (N3ARX) schemes. This article revolves around the central idea of developing kSINDYc to capture the nonlinear dynamics of high nonlinear systems. Furthermore, the nonlinear metric CANM computes the process nonlinearity in the dynamic physical systems that classify the unknown process under mild, medium or highly nonlinear categories. Simulation studies are carried out on five industrial systems with divergent nonlinear dynamics. The user can make a flawless choice of a specific identification method suitable for a given process from CANM.
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•Successfully synthesized YIG nanoparticles (NPs) by solid state (SS) and sol-gel (SG) methods to elucidate the effects of nanoscale finite size and their microwave absorption ...capabilities.•Microwave absorption reached as high as −28dB at 20GHz with a film thickness of 300μm for SG and −18dB for SS NPs.•These materials can be used for stealth technology.
The fabrication of a thin layer of microwave absorber that operates over a wide band of frequencies is still a challenging task. With recent advances in nanostructure synthesis techniques, considerable progress has been achieved in realizations of thin nanocomposite layer designed for full absorption of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation covering S to K band frequencies. The primary objective of this investigation is to achieve best possible EM absorption with a wide bandwidth and attenuation >10dB for a thin absorbing layer (few hundred of microns). Magnetic yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12; in short YIG) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sol–gel (SG) as well as solid-state (SS) reaction methods to elucidate the effects of nanoscale finite size on the magnetic behavior of the particles and hence their microwave absorption capabilities. It is found that YIG prepared by these two methods are different in many ways. Magnetic properties investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) exhibit that the coercivity (Hc) of solid-state NPs is much larger (72Oe) than the sol-gel NPs (31Oe). Microwave absorption properties were studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique in field sweep mode at different fixed frequencies. A thin layer (∼300μm) of YIG film was deposited using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique over a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line made on copper coated RT/duroid® 5880 substrates. Temperature dependent magnetic properties were also investigated using VSM and FMR techniques. Microwave absorption properties were investigated at high temperatures (up to 300°C) both for sol-gel and solid-state synthesized NPs and are related to skin depth of YIG films. It is observed that microwave absorption almost vanishes when the temperature reached the Néel temperature of YIG.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene are considered as potential future candidates for many nano/microscale integrated devices due to their superior thermal properties. Both systems, however, exhibit ...significant anisotropy in their thermal conduction, limiting their performance as three-dimensional thermal transport materials. From thermal management perspective, one way to tailor this anisotropy is to consider designing alternative carbon-based architectures. This paper investigates the thermal transport in one such novel architecturea pillared-graphene (PG) network nanostructure which combines graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes to create a three-dimensional network. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out using the AIREBO potential to calculate the thermal conductivity of pillared-graphene structures along parallel (in-plane) as well as perpendicular (out-of-plane) directions with respect to the graphene plane. The resulting thermal conductivity values for PG systems are discussed and compared with simulated values for pure CNT and graphite. Our results show that in these PG structures, the thermal transport is governed by the minimum interpillar distance and the CNT−pillar length. This is primarily attributed to scattering of phonons occurring at the CNT−graphene junctions in these nanostructures. We foresee that such architecture could potentially be used as a template for designing future structurally stable microscale systems with tailorable in-plane and out-of-plane thermal transport.
Molecular modeling of thermosetting polymers has been presented with special emphasis on building atomistic models. Different approaches to build highly cross-linked polymer networks are discussed. A ...multistep relaxation procedure for relaxing the molecular topology during cross-linking is proposed. This methodology is then applied to an epoxy-based thermoset (EPON-862/DETDA). Several materials properties such as density, glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and volume shrinkage during curing are calculated and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. Along with the material’s properties, the simulations also highlight the distribution of molecular weight buildup and inception of gel point during the network formation.
Molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations have been used to study thermo-mechanical response of highly cross-linked polymers composed of epoxy resin DGEBA and hardener DETDA. The ...effective cross-linking approach used in this work allowed construction of a set of stress-free molecular models with high conversion degree containing up to 35000 atoms. The generated structures were used to investigate the influence of model size, length of epoxy strands, and degree of cure on thermo-mechanical properties. The calculated densities, coefficients of thermal expansion, and glass transition temperatures of the systems are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The computationally efficient static deformation approach we used to calculate elastic constants of the systems successfully compensated for the large scattering of the mechanical properties data due to nanoscopically small volume of simulation cells and allowed comparison of properties of similar polymeric networks having minor differences in structure or chemistry. However, some of the elastic constants obtained using this approach were found to be higher than in real macroscopic samples. This can be attributed to both finite-size effect and to the limitations of the static deformation approach to account for dynamic effects. The observed dependence of properties on system size, in this work, can be used to estimate the contribution of large-scale defects and relaxation events into macroscopic properties of the thermosetting materials.
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