Background & Aims: Interleukin (IL)33 is a recently described alarmin that is highly expressed in the gastric mucosa and potently activates Th2 immunity. It may play a pivotal role during ...Helicobacter pylori infection. Here, we delineate the role of IL33 in the normal gastric mucosa and in response to gastropathy. Methods: IL33 expression was evaluated in mice and human biopsy specimens infected with H pylori and in mice after dosing with aspirin. IL33 expression was localized in the gastric mucosa using immunofluorescence. Mice were given 1 or 7 daily doses of recombinant IL33 (1 μg/dose), and the stomach and the spleen responses were quantified morphologically, by flow cytometry and using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Results: In mice, the IL33 protein was localized to the nucleus of a subpopulation of surface mucus cells, and co-localized with the surface mucus cell markers Ulex Europaeus 1 (UEA1), and Mucin 5AC (Muc5AC). A small proportion of IL33-positive epithelial cells also were Ki-67 positive. IL33 and its receptor Interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) were increased 4-fold after acute (1-day) H pylori infection, however, this increase was not apparent after 7 days and IL33 expression was reduced 2-fold after 2 months. Similarly, human biopsy specimens positive for H pylori had a reduced IL33 expression. Chronic IL33 treatment in mice caused systemic activation of innate lymphoid cell 2 and polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. In the stomach, IL33-treated mice developed transmural inflammation and mucous metaplasia that was mediated by Th2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Rag-1-/- mice, lacking mature lymphocytes, were protected from IL33-induced gastric pathology. Conclusions: IL33 is highly expressed in the gastric mucosa and promotes the activation of T helper 2âcytokineâexpressing cells. The loss of IL33 expression after prolonged H pylori infection may be permissive for the T helper 1âbiased immune response observed during H pylori infection and subsequent precancerous progression. Keywords: IL33, Helicobacter pylori, Inflammatory Response, Gastric Cancer
U ovom radu prikazan je prijedlog modela procesa prodaje P&I pomorskog osiguranja. Specifičnost ovakvog oblika osiguranja odnosi se na suradnju osiguravajućeg društva s „P&I klubovima“ koji ...osiguravaju odgovornost brodara. Prikazan je dijagram dekompozicije procesa prodaje P&I osiguranja s aspekta osiguravajućeg društva. Opisan je proces prodaje osiguranja. Za specifikaciju procesa su korištene metode: Work flow, Activity flow i Data flow dijagram. U prve dvije metode vidljivi su smještaj procesa po organizacijskim dijelovima osiguravajućeg društva i vanjskih poslovnih organizacija. Na dijagramu toka podataka prikazani su procesi i tokovi podataka među njima neovisno o tome gdje se i tko ih izvodi. Ovakav model je osnova za izgradnju informacijskog sustava.
Political scientists have studied state democracy for decades using sophisticated methods for conceptualization and measurement to evaluate the explanatory power of various theories. They have paid ...little attention, however, to democracy in nonstate political systems. This paper fills this gap by characterizing democracy in college student government and investigating the factors affecting the levels of students’ union democracy (SUD) in Chilean colleges. Utilizing concepts from political science and sociology, the study identifies different dimensions of SUD with data from 162 campuses in 2018. The dimensions are aggregated to build an index of democracy for students’ unions. Although the majority of Chilean university students attended colleges with democratic unions, our findings reveal a deficit in democratic student representation in most institutions. The article also draws from the comparative politics, trade union democracy, and higher education literatures to explore the factors that vary by institution that could explain differences in levels of SUD. Ordered logistic regression analyses suggest that SUD is associated with institutional quality, membership in inter-university organizations, and student body size and socioeconomic makeup. The results increase our understanding of the features, status, and correlates of democracy beyond the state.
A process model of maritime insurance Pavlić, Mile; University of Rijeka, Department of Computer Science, Rijeka, Croatia; Čandrlić, Sanja ...
06/2009
Publication
The paper illustrates a proposition for process model of the P&I maritime insurance sale. A specific feature of such a form of insurance relates to the collaboration between an insurance company and ...P&I clubs, which insure shipping company liability. The paper shows a decomposition diagram of the process of P&I insurance sales, from the aspect of the insurance company. The process of insurance sale is described. For process specification, the following methods are used: Work Flow, Activity Flow and Data Flow Diagram. The first two methods clearly show the position of processes in organizational parts of the insurance company and external business organizations. The Data Flow Diagram shows processes and data flows between them, not depending on where these are performed or who performs them. Such a model is the basis for information system development.
U ovom radu prikazan je prijedlog modela procesa prodaje P&I pomorskog osiguranja. Specifičnost ovakvog oblika osiguranja odnosi se na suradnju osiguravajućeg društva s „P&I klubovima“ koji osiguravaju odgovornost brodara. Prikazan je dijagram dekompozicije procesa prodaje P&I osiguranja s aspekta osiguravajućeg društva. Opisan je proces prodaje osiguranja. Za specifikaciju procesa su korištene metode: Work flow, Activity flow i Data flow dijagram. U prve dvije metode vidljivi su smještaj procesa po organizacijskim dijelovima osiguravajućeg društva i vanjskih poslovnih organizacija. Na dijagramu toka podataka prikazani su procesi i tokovi podataka među njima neovisno o tome gdje se i tko ih izvodi. Ovakav model je osnova za izgradnju informacijskog sustava.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) is an infrequent congenital heart de-fect, occurring in about 1 in 15,000 live births. The condition involves an abnormal con-nection where pulmonary ...veins, rather than attaching to the left atrium, drain into the right atrium or systemic venous circulation.
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•A. unedo fruit extract protects DNA against hydroxyl radical damage.•A. unedo exerts an antibacterial activity without impacting the survival of probiotics.•A. unedo fruits are good ...material for functional food production by 3D printing.•A. unedo 3DP products are rich source of antioxidant bioactive compounds/pigments.
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Arbutus unedo L. fruits for the production of functional foods by three-dimensional printing (3DP). First, the biological activity of the fruits was investigated in vitro, followed by 3DP with different starch types and proportions using two 3DP programs. All 3DP samples were characterized for their bioactive, antioxidant, physicochemical and rheological properties. In terms of biological activity, the recommended daily dose of polyphenols from the aqueous extract of A. unedo can protect the integrity of DNA. Moreover, it could be useful as an antimicrobial agent. All 3DP parameters significantly affected bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. The 3DP products were found to be a good source of polyphenols (632.60 mg/100 g), among which condensed tannins were predominant (42 %). In conclusion, the fruits of A. unedo should be considered as a sustainable resource for the production of innovative functional foods with 3DP.
Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case ...study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.
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