This article examines the peculiarities of the management of assets and liabilities of Ukrainian banks in the conditions of significant structural transformations of the resource base during the ...period of martial law. The analysis is carried out at the level of homogeneous structural and functional groups of banks (SFGBs), which are formed using published reporting data and the application of Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM). Accumulation of statistical data has been carried out for 5 years, special attention is paid to structural changes in the resource base and directions of placement of bank assets over the past two years.Over the past two years, the bank has been under the influence of shock factors affecting assets and liabilities. At the beginning of 2022, there was an outflow of funds from bank accounts, which was gradually compensated by the inflow of current funds from corporations and the population of individuals. In 2023, the National Bank of Ukraine actively stimulated the development of the term resource base, the basis for ensuring the growth of credit operations. Transactions with state securities continue to grow in the structure of bank assets. The priority task of the banking system remains the financial support of business, but in the conditions of a full-scale war, such development of credit operations is limited. It is expedient to study the strategy of banks by combining the structure of assets and liabilities according to similar characteristics and analyzing the dynamics of groups. Observation of homogeneous groups confirms their stable nature, features of strategy, risk profile and development priorities. It has been proven that banks within homogeneous SFGBs demonstrate similar behaviour in the formation of management strategies and reactions to internal and external shocks. At the macro level, the SOM structure allows you to quantitatively assess the main processes taking place in the banking system, conduct comparisons with maps, and identify problems and priorities in the management of bank assets and liabilities. The SFGB method allows you to evaluate the trajectory of individual banks on the map and develop recommendations for improving the strategy of managing assets and liabilities.
The study aims at determining the role and significance of such moral emotions as nobility, gratitude, admiration for the socially significant behavior of a person in society. That involves ...identifying a close relationship between those emotions and personality’s social behavior and that they can be one of the main incentives for socially significant behavior – theoretical basis. The importance of ethical emotions with positive valence when making decisions with their implementation in society determines the research’s theoretical and methodological basis. Those are studied in the cognitive dimension of human social activity, considering their subjective experience and objectification. The authors determined that ethical emotions with positive valence, pleasant emotions stimulate a person to experience them again and behave socially desirable as such behavior allows reliving those emotions and self-actualizing. Emotions with a positive valence are most desirable for a person and are the essential behavior incentives in society. A person can act actively to achieve them, to experience them repeatedly, which is the basis of motivation for socially desirable and meaningful behavior. From exclusively subjective experiences, those emotions move into objectification, i.e., those motivated to act in conditions of a definite or indefinite social continuum. In due time, these socially crucial actions acquire normative content, sometimes even a form, since they serve as a model for others. Moral emotions with positive valence, empathy, rule-making, high culture, and responsibility to oneself and others form a good way of a person’s self-realization through positive social behavior. Furthermore, moral emotions with positive valence are the most important incentive for such behavior.
A method of identifying banks’ business models and studying the features of their risk profile, considering the system of indicators featuring the structure of assets, liabilities, income, expenses, ...and other qualitative indicators based on monthly statistical reporting. Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM) are used to process large data sets, revealing objects’ hidden features by forming homogeneous groups according to similar values of a large system of indicators. The choice of the system of indicators that play the most significant role in describing the business models of modern banks is substantiated. The proposed method makes it possible to group banks with homogeneous characteristics into so-called structural-functional groups and studies the change in the characteristics of groups of banks over time to compare their behavior during periods of active development of the system and during a crisis. That approach is useful for studying the banking system at the macro level, as it provides a quantitative measure of its financial stability. The more banks are in groups with negative values of parameters, increased risks, and unprofitable performance, the worse the general state of the system. The method also allows studying the features of each structural and functional group and the business models’ features at the meso-level. The number and composition of banks inherent in any group change dynamically, which characterizes the features of the relevant business model in a particular period. The averages of each group reflect the objective changes in the banking system structure. In addition, the SOM trajectory can be built for each individual bank determining the development of its strategy, features of a particular business model, and risk profile. At the micro-level, it allows comparing the features of individual banks within the SFGB and models ways to improve efficiency and financial stability by forecast values for SOM. An extensive system of indicators used to form structural and functional groups of banks allows to quickly respond to changes in the banking system, identify areas of increased risk and explore the adequacy and effectiveness of banks’ business models.
The stronger the level of economic integration between countries, the greater the need to study the formation patterns of the stock market reaction to the financial information signals. This concerns ...the Ukrainian stock market, which is now in its infancy, and which reaction to financial information signals is sometimes ambiguous. The research aims to identify the formation patterns of return and volatility indicators of the Ukrainian stock market reaction to the US financial information signals. To assess the direct nature of US financial information signals effect on the PFTS stock index, the GARCH econometric modeling toolkit was applied. The research information base is the PFTS stock index and the Federal Reserve System financial information signals at the discount rate for 2000–2019. The fetch is divided into intervals corresponded to the ascent and decline phases of the financial cycle. It was found that an unforeseen increase in the discount rate at the financial cycle decline phase by 25 basis points decreases the PFTS stock index return, on average by 2.9%. Besides, the hypothesis about the general change stabilizing effect in the discount rate on the Ukrainian stock market volatility at the financial cycle growth phase was confirmed. Nevertheless, for investors, the most essential is the regulator’s monetary signals in the discount rate at the financial cycle decline phases rather than at the ascent phases because there is a more significant increase in the volatility level.
Мета дослідження: Визначення напрямів удосконалення неакадемічного студентського досвіду в умовах трансформації вищої освіти під впливом постмодерністських тенденцій та особливостей студентів нового ...покоління.
Дизайн / Метод / Підхід дослідження: У роботі застосовано комбінацію гіпотетико-дедуктивного та індуктивного методів дослідження для всебічного вивчення неакадемічного студентського досвіду. У межах гіпотетико-дедуктивного підходу автори спираються на наявні теоретичні положення та результати попередніх досліджень, формулюючи на їхній основі припущення щодо сутності неакадемічного досвіду, його структури та чинників впливу. Індуктивний метод використовується для узагальнення і систематизації інформації, отриманої в ході огляду наукової літератури.
Результати дослідження: Виявлено, що неакадемічний студентський досвід відіграє важливу роль у сприйнятті студентами закладів вищої освіти та якості навчання. Він охоплює різні аспекти студентського життя, не пов’язані безпосередньо з навчанням, і формується здебільшого через надані університетом студентські послуги. На неакадемічний досвід впливають такі чинники як цілі та очікування студентів, інтеграція в університетське життя, індивідуальні характеристики, минулий досвід і комунікація з персоналом закладу вищої освіти. Наголошується на важливості адаптації підходів до формування даного досвіду з урахуванням особливостей сучасних студентів покоління Z.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: У роботі систематизовано теоретичні підходи до розуміння неакадемічного студентського досвіду, визначено його ключові складові та фактори впливу. Результати дослідження роблять внесок у вивчення трансформації вищої освіти в умовах постмодернізму.
Практична цінність дослідження: Розуміння особливостей формування неакадемічного студентського досвіду дасть змогу закладам вищої освіти вдосконалювати стратегії із залучення та утримання студентів, підвищувати їхню задоволеність і лояльність.
Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: Запропоновано комплексний погляд на неакадемічний студентський досвід з урахуванням сучасних трендів у вищій освіті та характеристик нового покоління студентів, що становить цінність як для дослідників, так і для управлінців у сфері вищої освіти.
Обмеження дослідження / Майбутні дослідження: Перспективним є подальше вивчення впливу цифрових навичок студентів на сприйняття ними якості університетських онлайн-послуг у контексті поліпшення неакадемічного досвіду.
Тип статті: Теоретична
JEL Classification: I23, I21, M10, M31, Z13
The need for innovative development of healthcare institutions is determined by the necessity to increase the efficiency of organizational processes based on the formation of new models of ...cooperation, which will make it possible to get access to new technologies and knowledge. The goal of the study is to determine the parameters of the impact of innovative open cooperation strategy and the strategy of innovative closed cooperation of healthcare institutions on the effectiveness of their organizational structure in the context of dissemination and the use of knowledge. Simulation modeling was applied to generate the most effective organizational management structure in the context of innovative cooperation and knowledge exchange within the organizational processes “Inside-out” and “Inside-in”. It is substantiated that the strategies of innovative cooperation “Open Innovation/Closed Innovation” have a significant impact on the organizational structure of management of healthcare institutions in terms of the “degree of centralization” (Dci), “degree of mediation” (Dii), and “degree of centralization of powers” (Dpi). The values of the selected criteria range from 25,52% to 61,50% in the case of Dii, and from 34,53% to 52,63% in the case of Dci, which indicates a higher efficiency of organizational knowledge exchange processes in healthcare institutions, which adhere to the Open Innovation strategy of innovative cooperation. Therefore, there are significant differences in the effectiveness of the management’s organizational structure depending on the degree of openness of innovative cooperation of healthcare institutions. The strategy of innovative openness allows increasing the number and quality of connections in the context of knowledge exchange between the subjects (actors, agents) of the organizational structure (in a broad sense, considering internal and external levels of externality) of healthcare institutions, regardless of the distance between them and the level of similarity.
The Ukrainian PFTS stock index volatility reaction as a whole and its constituent economic sectors (“Basic Materials”, “Financials”, “Industrials”, “Oil & Gas”, “Telecommunications”, “Utilities”) to ...seven non-monetary US information signals (“Consumer price index”, “Personal spending”, “Unemployment rate”, “Gross domestic product”, “Industrial production”, “Consumer confidence”, “Housing starts”) was carried out for the period 2000–2017 on the basis of closing stock quotations in the trading day format. To assess the “surprise” component direct influence nature of the USA selected non-monetary information signals on the PFTS stock index, an AR-GARCH econometric modelling device was used. The results achieved clearly indicate the presence of some PFTS stock index economic sectors heterogeneous reaction to the United States individual non-monetary information signals announcement. For example, such economic sectors as “Basic Materials”, “Financials”, and “Oil & Gas” volatility response to the US non-monetary information signal “Consumer price index” “surprise” components the opposite of the overall PFTS stock index reaction. It can also be concluded that the United States non-monetary information signals influence on the Ukrainian stock market volatility depends not only on the financial cycle phase and data frequency, but also on the PFTS stock index economic sector.
Purpose: Development of conceptual approaches to the understanding of ethical aspects of digital technologies, based on the ontological turn in the understanding of technological normativity.Design / ...Method / Approach: The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining philosophy of technology, ethics, social philosophy, science and technology research, computer science and cognitive psychology. Methods of conceptual analysis, phenomenological description, critical discourse analysis and comparative analysis are used.Findings: The ontological status of digital objects and their role in the formation of ethical experience is analyzed. The forms of normativity of digital technologies are revealed: interface, algorithmic and infrastructural.Theoretical implications: The research contributes to the development of conceptual approaches to the ethical aspects of digital technologies, creating a basis for the integration of various philosophical traditions and expanding the possibilities of ethical analysis in the digital era.Practical implications: The proposed approach can be used to develop strategies for ethical design and management of digital technologies, including creating ethical guidelines, conducting ethical audits, designing interfaces, and developing educational programs on digital ethics.Originality / Value: A comprehensive approach to the consideration of the ethics of digital technologies is proposed, taking into account the ontological turn in the understanding of technological normativity. The novelty lies in the integration of the ideas of postphenomenology, object-oriented ontology and philosophy of information for the analysis of the ontology of digital objects and their normative force.Research limitations / Future research: Prospects include empirical studies of various forms of technological normativity, in-depth study of the ontological status of specific types of digital objects, and analysis of the relationship between the ontology of digital objects and their normative force in various contexts. The limitations are related to the theoretical nature of the study, which requires further empirical verification.Paper type: Theoretical.
The inferior phrenic artery is a paired artery with a variable origin and course, primarily supplying the diaphragm, but also the suprarenal glands, inferior vena cava, stomach, and oesophagus. The ...aim of this study is to investigate the origin and course of the inferior phrenic arteries on multidetector computed tomography and angiography.
The anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery was analysed on 2449 multidetector computed tomography scans. Three-dimensional reconstructions were made of the main variations. Additionally, the course and branching pattern of the inferior phrenic artery were descriptively analysed in a cohort of 28 angiograms.
In 565 (23.1%) cases the inferior phrenic arteries arose as a common trunk and in 1884 (76.9%) cases as individual vessels. The most common origins of a common trunk were the coeliac trunk (n=303; 53.6%) and abdominal aorta (n=255; 45.1%). The most common origins of the right inferior phrenic artery were the coeliac trunk (n=965; 51.2%), abdominal aorta (n=562; 29.8%) and renal arteries (n=214; 11.4%). The most common origins of the left inferior phrenic artery were the coeliac trunk (n=1293; 68.6%) and abdominal aorta (n=403; 21.4%).
The inferior phrenic artery has a very variable anatomy. The most common origins of the inferior phrenic artery are the coeliac trunk and its branches, the abdominal aorta, and the renal arteries.
•The inferior phrenic artery anatomy was analysed on a series of 2449 by multidetector MDCT.•In 23% the inferior phrenic arteries arose as a common trunk.•The most common origins of a common trunk were the coeliac trunk and the abdominal aorta.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine relation between marketing expenses and bank’s financial position. Factor and cluster analyses were applied to unify different financial variables ...into financial clusters. Each cluster has specific long-term and short-term financial position and is allocated to appropriate rating position of new rating system. Using rating positions, it is possible to determine whether overall bank position is fragile or stable, and which financial position is vulnerable. Comparing marketing expenses with financial positions, it is possible to evaluate how effectively banks manage their financial resources, and what impact marketing activity has on the financial position.
Design/methodology/approach
Financial statements of Ukrainian banks for last five years are analyzed. Database of financial documents are reviewed. Coefficient, principal components, and hierarchical cluster analyzes are applied to elaborate new rating system. “Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity” and “Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Test” validate input data. Box-and-whisker plots are used to describe graphically interaction between marketing expenses and bank financial positions.
Findings
The new rating system describes short-term and long-term bank financial positions. In their marketing activity, Ukrainian banks mostly have uneven distribution of marketing expenses in context of financial positions. Such pattern disrupts long-term stability of Ukrainian banking system. Each financial variable has different impact on marketing activity; however, the correlation level is insignificant. In general, Ukrainian banks do not consider financial positions in marketing planning.
Practical implications
New rating system can be used by the National Bank of Ukraine, the main supervisory bank of Ukraine, to determine fragile banks and to predict their bankruptcy. Banks may use findings to analyze their financial positions and to find optimal marketing expenses.
Originality/value
This paper contributes into the scientific literature in novelty of marketing-finance interaction in the Ukrainian banking system. New rating system of Ukrainian banks considers different aspects of bank financial stability: liquidity level, credit risks, deposit portfolio, and bank’s ability to attract additional financial resources on financial markets. Cluster analysis helps to allocate similar financial factors to different clusters and to evaluate financial risks in conjunction. As legal regulations concerning banking market, are also considered, the rating system can be adjusted to different countries. In addition, marketing expenses are analyzed in context of banks’ financial positions.
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