The aim of this work is to make a critical analysis of research design in tourism with an emphasis on stakeholders in the destination network, which should result in finding the most optimal ...research and methodological model for the purpose of scientific and practical application in adaptable and efficient destination management. The paper considers a wide range/map of research design and approach in all phases of the research process: data collection and processing, and interpretation of the obtained results. Recommendations for finding an adequate methodological approach to research in tourism and tourist destinations were obtained by testing, that is, by projecting the specificity of the research process in tourism onto the general research matrix/paradigm represented by the successive gradation of research steps: context, paradigm, epistemology, general methodological orientation and applied concrete methods. The so-called method of chain referral proved to be the most effective in collecting data on the topological structure of the destination network of stakeholders. A hybrid explanatory sequential design in a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approach seems to be the most optimal and can be the most useful in researching the relationship between stakeholders in the management of a tourist destination. In previous research in the conceptual field of destination stakeholder networks, the proposed research model is not as specified and focused as in the case of this paper. management. However, there are also certain limitations of this work, which primarily refer to the need for multiple testing of the proposed research model on concrete case studies. Following the highlighted limitations in future research, it is recommended to test the proposed methodological approach and concept on case studies of two qualitatively different destination networks of stakeholders (e.g. coastal and continental) in Croatia to confirm its validity.
Cilj ovoga rada je provesti kritičku analizu dizajna istraživanja u turizmu s naglaskom na interesne dionike u destinacijskoj mreži, koja bi trebala rezultirati pronalaženjem optimalnoga istraživačkog i metodološkog modela u svrhu znanstvene i praktične primjene kod adaptabilnoga i učinkovitoga destinacijskog upravljanja. U radu se razmatra široka lepeza/mapa istraživačkoga dizajna i pristupa u svim fazama istraživačkoga procesa: prikupljanju i procesuiranju podataka te interpretaciji rezultata. Preporuke za pronalaženje adekvatnoga metodološkog pristupa istraživanja u turizmu i turističkoj destinaciji dobivene su testiranjem, odnosno projiciranjem specifičnosti istraživačkoga procesa u turizmu na opću istraživačku matricu/paradigmu predstavljenu sukcesivnom gradacijom istraživačkih koraka: konteksta, paradigme, epistemologije, opće metodološke orijentacije i primijenjenih konkretnih metoda. Metoda tzv. lančanoga referalnog upućivanja pokazala se najučinkovitijom u prikupljanju podataka o topološkoj strukturi destinacijske mreže dionika. Hibridni eksplanatorni sekvencijalni dizajn u kombinatorici kvantitativnoga i kvalitativnoga metodološkog pristupa čini se optimalnim i može biti najkorisniji u istraživanju odnosa među interesnim dionicima u upravljanju turističkom destinacijom. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima na konceptualnom području destinacijskih mreža dionika predloženi istraživački model nije specificiran i fokusiran kao u ovome radu. U ovome radu preporučeni i obrazloženi selektivni istraživački dizajn može bitno olakšati orijentaciju u istraživačkom pristupu budućim znanstvenicima i praktičarima destinacijskog upravljanja. Ograničenja ovoga rada odnose se na potrebu višestrukog testiranja predloženoga istraživačkog modela na konkretnim studijama slučaja. Slijedom tih ograničenja u budućim istraživanjima preporučuje se testirati predloženi metodološki pristup i koncept na studije slučaja dvjema kvalitativno različitim destinacijskim mrežama dionika (npr. primorskoj i kontinentalnoj) u Hrvatskoj za potvrdu njegove valjanosti.
Mreža aktera ruralnog turizma Pavlović, Damir
Acta Economica Et Turistica,
12/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Web Resource
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Svrha/Cilj: Cilj ovog rada jest pribaviti kritičku analizu koncepta upravljanja turizmom ruralnog područja u Hrvatskoj, ističući neke kritične točke i logičke nekonzistentnosti. Slijedom toga, ...provedbom istraživanja na konkretnoj studiji slučaja jedne dominantno ruralne regije, odnosno, sveobuhvatnom analizom društvenih mreža dionika, pokazati nesrazmjer u doprinosu tih dionika u turističkim aktivnostima i procesima u odnosu na njihovu participaciju u ukupnom destinacijskom odlučivanju. Ovime bi se mogla potaknuti pitanja reinženjeringa destinacijskog upravljačkog sustava u cjelini, praćenog odgovarajućim zakonskim i statutarnim odrednicama. Dizajn/Metodologija/Pristup: Istraživanje je temeljeno na dvjema teorijskim osnovama: teoriji društvene mreže i teoriji društvene razmjene. Metodom tzv.lančanog referalnog upućivanja kroz anketu prikupili su se podaci o topološkoj strukturi dvije relevantne mreže dionika: cjelovite destinacijske mreže i submreže dionika/dobavljača u ruralnom turizmu (u ovom radu pod radnim nazivom – ruralna submreža). Sveobuhvatna analiza dobivenih mreža rezultirala je relevantnim parametrima centralnosti (topološkim pozicijama) aktera u njima, na osnovi kojih je bila moguća provedba korelacijske analize dviju promatranih mreža, čiji su rezultati u konačnici adekvatno interpretirani, vodeći rezolutnim zaključcima. Rezultati: Rezultati analize govore da akteri ruralnog turizma nisu razmjerno zastupljeni u participaciji odlučivanja kod donošenja najvažnijih odluka u destinaciji u odnosu na njihovu topološku poziciju, odnosno sudjelovanje u operativnim turističkim procesima. Takva neusklađenost upućuje, između ostalog, na neophodnost razmatranja uvođenja novog, prilagodljivijeg institucionalnog i organizacijskog sustava u upravljanju ovakvim tipom destinacije. Originalnost/Vrijednost: Uz relativno rijetko korištenu metodologiju, koja je primijenjena u ovom radu na specifičnom kvalitativnom uzorku, rezultati istraživanja pokazali su mogući način pronalaženja alata i pristupa u institucionalnom restrukturiranju za učinkovito upravljanje turističkom destinacijom.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse tourism management of Croatian rural area, emphasising critical points and logical inconsistencies. Consequently, research into a specific case study of a dominant rural region, i.e., a comprehensive analysis of stakeholders’ social networks, the aim is to show disproportions in the contributions of these stakeholders in tourism activities and processes in relation to their participation in the total destination decisionmaking. This could prompt raise questions of reengineering of the destination management system as a whole, followed by the corresponding legal and statutory determinants. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is based on two theoretical bases: the social network theory and the social exchange theory. Via the method of chain referral sampling through a survey, data on the topological structure of two relevant stakeholder’s networks were gathered: the overall destination network andresulted in relevant parameters of centrality (topological positions) of actors in them, based on which it was possible to conduct a correlation analysis between the two observed networks, the results of which were finally adequately interpreted leading toward resolute conclusions. Results: The results of the analysis show that actors in rural tourism are disproportionately represented in decision-making participation upon making the most important decisions about the destination in relation to their topological position, i.e., participation in operational tourism processes. Such disproportion indicates the necessity, among others, of considering the introduction of a new, more adaptable institutional and organisational system in managing this type of destination. Originality/Value: Beside the relatively rarely used methodology, applied to a specific qualitative sample in this paper, the research results showed a possible way of finding tools and approaches in institutional restructuring aimed at effective management of a tourism destination the subnetwork of stakeholders/suppliers in rural tourism (hereinafter under the working title – rural subnetwork). A comprehensive analysis of the obtained networks.
Turistička destinacija, u sklopu brojnih definicijskih određenja, ipak dominantno predstavlja kompleksan i dinamičan sustav brojnih dionika povezanih na formalnoj i neformalnoj razini. U zadnje ...vrijeme, sve više prevladava mišljenje da za razumijevanje takvog sustava, te zahvaljujući tome, njegovo učinkovito upravljanje i organizaciju, najadekvatniji je mrežni pristup, odnosno analitika društvene mreže. U svrhu dobivanja uvida u organizacijske kapacitete društvenih mreža u funkciji unaprjeđenja upravljanja turističkim destinacijama, provedena je analiza istih na uzorku dva turistička odredišta – primorskog i kontinentalnog. U sklopu analize, osobito je bilo važno utvrditi ulogu i učinkovitost hrvatskih Destinacijskih menadžment organizacija (DMO) u upravljanju destinacijom, testiranjem topološkog potencijala njezine trenutne institucionalne pozicije u okviru formalnog i neformalnog povezivanja s ostalim dionicima destinacijske zajednice (mreže). U tu svrhu, korišten je analitički alat matematičkog grafa društvene mreže, u kojem su dionici predstavljeni čvorovima, a njihove veze rubovima istog grafa. Mjerenja su napravljena na globalnoj (grupnoj) razini, u okviru pokazatelja centralnosti, gustoće, kohezije, modularnosti i klasterizacije promatranih mreža. Glavni naglasak je bio na usporednim analizama između varijante u kojoj DMO participira u destinacijskim mrežama, što odražava postojeće stanje i varijante u kojoj je DMO simulacijski izuzet kao dionik u istim mrežama. Time je testirana rezistentnost destinacijskih mreža na dane promjene u njihovoj topološkoj strukturi. U novoj, simulacijski promijenjenoj strukturi bez DMO-a, rezultati nisu pokazali općenito značajnije poremećaje u topološkim strukturama mreža i skupnim karakteristikama (mjerama) u odnosu na prethodnu varijantu. Izuzetak se donekle dogodio u okviru formalnih mreža, i to u primorskoj destinaciji. Generalno gledajući, sam izostanak DMO-a, barem s postojećim institucionalnim određenjem i misijom, ne bi izazvao značajnije poremećaje u destinacijskim upravljačkim procesima. U određenom smislu, realno je očekivati da bi došlo do decentralizacije i stvaranja prostora za inovacije, diverzifikaciju i unaprjeđenje destinacijskog doživljaja.
Within numerous definition determinants, a tourism destination still predominantly represents a complex and dynamic system of numerous stakeholders related at a formal and non-formal level. Lately, ...there has been an increasing prevailing opinion that to understand such a system, and, owing to it, its efficient management and organisation, the most adequate is the network approach. In other words, it is necessary to do social network analytics with the purpose to gain insight into organisational capacities of social networks aimed at enhancing tourism destination management. This paper shows the analysis of social networks on the sample of two tourism destinations – littoral and continental. Within the analysis it was especially important to determine the role and efficiency of Croatian Destination Management Organisations (DMO) in destination management by testing the topological potentials of their current institutional position within the formal and non-formal relations with other stakeholders of the community (network). For that purpose, the analytical tool of mathematical social network graph was used in which stakeholders were shown as vertices and their relationships as edges of the same graph. Measurements were conducted on the global (group) level within the indicators of centrality, density, cohesion, modularity and clustering of observed networks. The main emphasis was placed on comparative analysis between the variant in which the DMO participates in the destination networks, which reflects the existing condition and the variant in which the DMO is exempt by simulation as a stakeholder in those networks. This tested the resistance of destination networks on the given changes in their topological structure. In the new structure changed by simulation without DMO, the results did not show a generally more significant disorders in the topological network structures and group characteristics (measures) in relation to the previous variant. The exemption somewhat happened within formal networks in the littoral destination. In general, the exemption itself of the DMO, at least with the existing institutional determination and mission, would not cause significant disorders in the destination management processes. In a certain sense it is realistic to expect that there would be a decentralisation and creating space for innovations, diversification and enhancement of the destination experience.
Tourism is a system that inevitably follows the technological
advancement of other areas of social and economic life, especially in the
domain of accessibility of all elements of tourist product ...offered by its basic
unit - a tourist destination. Due to the inclination and the need to use mobile
digital tools and services for visitors to better manage, the concept of the
so-called "smart destination" is becoming increasingly important.
However, as digital applications become increasingly saturated with everyday
life and threaten the saturation of real and quality life, there is a need for
selective access also in the domain of destination management through
experience management and visitor satisfaction. Using the methodology of the survey questionnaire a survey has conducted on several tourist frequency locations in the destination, whose aim was to investigate the importance and participation of individual mobile applications in improving the visitor experience, among them the five most prominent. By applying correlation and regression analysis, results have been achieved, which applications most importantly participate in improving the visitor experience. The significance of this research is reflected in the design of a new tool for adaptive and selective introduction of new mobile applications in order to
better target visitors in a destination and thus more effectively manage their
experience.
Turizam je sustav koji neizostavno prati tehnološki napredak ostalih područja društvenog i gospodarskog života, pogotovo u domeni dostupnosti svih elemenata turističkog proizvoda koje nudi njegova osnovna jedinica – turistička destinacija. Slijedom sklonosti i potrebe korištenja mobilnih
digitalnih alata i usluga od strane posjetitelja u svrhu boljeg snalaženja, sve se više nameće koncept tzv. pametne destinacije. Međutim, kako digitalne aplikacije sve više zasićuju svakodnevnicu i prijete saturaciji realnog i kvalitetnog života, nameće se potreba selektivnog pristupa i u domenu destinacijskog upravljanja kroz upravljanje iskustvom i zadovoljstvom posjetitelja. Metodom usmjerenog anketnog upitnika provedeno je istraživanje na više turistički frekventnih lokacija u destinaciji, čiji je cilj bio, od pet najistaknutijih, istražiti važnost i participaciju pojedinačnih mobilnih
aplikacija u unapređenju iskustva posjetitelja. Provedbom korelacijske i
regresijske analize došlo se do rezultata, koje aplikacije najznačajnije participiraju u unapređenju iskustva posjetitelja. Značaj ovog istraživanja ogleda se u oblikovanju novog alata za adaptabilno i selektivno uvođenje novih mobilnih aplikacija u funkciji lakšeg snalaženja posjetitelja u destinaciji a time i učinkovitijeg upravljanja
njihovim iskustvom.
A tourist destination most often represents a complex and fragmented system of various stakeholders with interrelated interests that operate on a more or less network principle. Managing and ...synchronizing to all important destination stakeholders is a very important prerequisite for delivering a quality and competitive tourist product. It is also a very important balance between stakeholder participation in tourism activities / processes and involvement in key destination management decision making. An additional complexity in system synchronization is contributed by sub-network groups grouped around a specific and dominant tourist concept, in this case, nautical activities and processes in the destination. In this respect, it was important to investigate their topological position in relation to other destination stakeholders in order to assess the potential of their common influence on the central actors of destination management, i.e., key destination decision making. For this purpose, a total destination network analysis was performed and a separate analysis of the nautical stakeholder sub-network based on the mathematical graph of the social network and a correlation analysis of the obtained results / parameters of each of them with the level of their participation in key destination management decisions. The results of the analysis have shown that, unlike the general destination network, in the case of nautical sub-networks there is no statistically significant correlation between the topological position (potential of influence) and the level of participation in the most important destination management decisions. Specifically, their topological position is considerably more salient in relation to their participation in destination management decision-making, indicating their specific passivity in this regard and requiring new institutional and organizational solutions by central management structures.
Purpose - The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the current supply of composite tourist products in Croatia in relation to the needs of older people's needs with a focus on the European ...market and to identify all shortcomings and disparities in order to make recommendations for a more efficient development of tourism products within Croatia in function of the extension of the tourist season. Methodology - The results were obtained by using a mixed methodology by combining quantitative (TOMAS research from 2017 and TOURage project from 2014) and qualitative (semistructured interviews with relevant tourism industry subjects) data processing methods using comparative analysis within the match model. Findings - Findings show that the quality of the landscape, security, general services, hotel accommodation and transport according to the rating of all segments of tourists who visited Croatia above the quality expected of senior tourists when choosing their travel destination. Particular attention should be paid to the safety, accommodation comfort, medical accessibility, specific cultural and less challenging adventure experiences within the flexible packages offered on the dominant EU markets of Germany, France, the UK and Scandinavia. Croatia as a tourist destination, with certain improvements and adjustments of the tourist product components, has a predisposition for a stronger market penetration that covers the segment of the senior tourists.
Turizam je sustav koji neizostavno prati tehnološki napredak ostalih područja društvenog i gospodarskog života, pogotovo u domeni dostupnosti svih elemenata turističkog proizvoda koje nudi njegova ...osnovna jedinica – turistička destinacija. Slijedom sklonosti i potrebe korištenja mobilnih digitalnih alata i usluga od strane posjetitelja u svrhu boljeg snalaženja, sve se više nameće koncept tzv. pametne destinacije. Međutim, kako digitalne aplikacije sve više zasićuju svakodnevnicu i prijete saturaciji realnog i kvalitetnog života, nameće se potreba selektivnog pristupa i u domenu destinacijskog upravljanja kroz upravljanje iskustvom i zadovoljstvom posjetitelja. Metodom usmjerenog anketnog upitnika provedeno je istraživanje na više turistički frekventnih lokacija u destinaciji, čiji je cilj bio, od pet najistaknutijih, istražiti važnost i participaciju pojedinačnih mobilnih aplikacija u unapređenju iskustva posjetitelja. Provedbom korelacijske i regresijske analize došlo se do rezultata, koje aplikacije najznačajnije participiraju u unapređenju iskustva posjetitelja. Značaj ovog istraživanja ogleda se u oblikovanju novog alata za adaptabilno i selektivno uvođenje novih mobilnih aplikacija u funkciji lakšeg snalaženja posjetitelja u destinaciji a time i učinkovitijeg upravljanja njihovim iskustvom.
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