Abstract
Efforts to reduce air pollution in developing countries may require increased use of biomass fuels. Even biomass fuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels there is limited ...quantitative information concerning heavy metal content in their ashes. Therefore, this study focuses on the determination of the heavy metal concentrations in wood pellet ash obtained from the combustion of 10 pellet brans from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Italy, the effects of adding the ashes to soils, and the assessment of health risk assessment. Ash content was determined by gravimetric method. The amount and composition of ash remaining after combustion of wood pellets varies considerably according to the type of biomass and wood from which the pellet is made. Samples were prepared by wet digestion using HNO
3
, and heavy metals are determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy-flame and graphite furnace. The results showed that the lowest concentration in ashes was obtained for Co 0.01 mg kg
−1
and the highest for Fe 571.63 mg kg
−1
. The Hazard Index (HI), calculated for non-cancerous substances for children was 2.23E−01, and the total Risk index was 4.54E−05. As for adults, HI was 1.51E−02, while the Risk index value was 3.21E−06. Human health risk calculated through HI and Risk index for children and adults associated with analyzed pellets is not of significant concern. The calculated enrichment factor and metal pollution index for wood pellet ashes indicate the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals. From this point of view, analyzed samples of ashes could be a serious contaminant of soil, so further monitoring is required.
The thiol compound 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is a potential cathode material. The redox reactions of the mentioned thiol compound are slow at room temperature but can be enhanced using ...electron transfer mediators. The electrochemical oxidation of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole on the surface of carbon electrodes modified with Ruthenium(III) Schiff base complex was studied by voltammetric methods and amperometric flow injection analysis. The electrocatalytic properties of Ruthenium(III) Schiff base complex on glassy carbon and screen printed carbon electrodes are enhanced by the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Nafion. Voltammetric studies showed that anodic oxidation of DMcT on a modified glassy carbon electrode occurs at a potential of +0.28 V
vs.
Ag/AgCl in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 6.50). Flow injection amperometric measurements were performed at +0.20 V
vs.
Ag/AgCl in Britton-Robinson buffer solutions pH 6.50 at a 0.40 cm3 min–1 flow rate. The results of amperometric measurements for modified screen printed and glassy carbon electrodes showed that the screen printed electrode had a lower value of detection limit (0.38 mg dm–3) and quantification (1.28 mg dm–3), and a linear dynamic range from 1 to 500 mg dm–3 of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole. Modified glassy carbon electrode provided a linear dynamic range up to 750 mg dm–3 of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole with a detection limit of 3.90 mg dm–3 and quantification of 13.20 mg dm–3.
2,5-dimerkapto-1,3,4-tiadiazol (DMcT) je tiolni spoj i potencijalni katodni materijal. Redoks-reakcije navedenog tiolnog spoja sporo se odvijaju pri sobnoj temperaturi, ali se mogu ubrzati upotrebom medijatora za prijenos elektrona. Elektrokemijska oksidacija DMcT na površini ugljikovih elektroda modificiranih rutenijevim(III) kompleksom sa Schiffovim bazama, ispitana je voltametrijskim metodama i amperometrijskom analizom s injektiranjem u protok. Elektrokatalitička svojstva rutenij(III) kompleksa sa Schiffovim bazama na elektrodi od staklastog ugljika i printanoj ugljikovoj elektrodi poboljšana su dodavanjem višeslojnih ugljikovih nanocjevčica i Nafiona. Voltametrijska ispitivanja pokazala su da se anodna oksidacija DMcT na modificiranoj elektrodi od staklastog ugljika odvija na potencijalu od +0,28 V u odnosu na Ag/AgCl u Britton-Robinsonovom puferu (pH 6,50). Amperometrijska mjerenja provedena su na +0,20 V u odnosu na Ag/AgCl u Britton-Robinson puferu pH 6,50 pri brzini protoka od 0,40 cm3 min–1. Rezultati amperometrijskih mjerenja, za modificiranu elektrodu od staklastog ugljika i printanu ugljikovu elektrodu, pokazali su da printana ugljikova elektroda ima nižu vrijednost granice detekcije (0,38 mg dm–3) i kvantifikacije (1,28 mg dm–3) te linearni dinamički raspon od 1 do 500 mg dm–3 DMcT. Modificirana elektroda od staklastog ugljika pokazala je linearni dinamički raspon do 750 mg dm–3 za DMcT, granicu detekcije 3,90 mg dm–3 i kvantifikacije 13,20 mg dm–3.
The wastewater containing Cd, Co, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb ions are as trace metal pollutants. Water pollution caused by increment in industrialization and overpopulation reveals a major threat to ...human health. Adsorption is recognized as the effective and optimum method to remove water contaminations. The amorphous and porous form of silicon dioxide is silica gel widely used as an adsorbent. It can absorb moisture with traces of the target heavy metal ions. This research elaborates a simplistic, and reliable preconcentration column method highly developed for the determination of Cd2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ ions in model solutions and real water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The proposed operation depends on the retention of the target ions from buffered model solutions on a silica gel filled up a column modified with vanadium(V) oxide sorbent followed by their desorption. SiO2/V2O5 is an efficient adsorbent due to its low cost, eco-friendly and high availability. The adsorbent morphological and interfacial physicochemical characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The 2.92 value achieved for the point of zero charges supports the experimentation for the heavy metal efficient adsorption. Quantitative recoveries were achieved at pH 10 with 50 mg of SiO2/V2O5 mass and adsorption capacity ranged from 28.96 μmol/g (Pb) to 214.86 μmol/g (Fe) with 1114.79 μmol/g in total. Simultaneous preconcentration effect was determined by the interference cations on the sorbent. The LOD varies from 8.42 to 50.56 μg/L and LOQ is achieved from 20.06 to 72.41 μg/L of 15 blank solutions. The developed preconcentration procedure was adequately implemented for the simultaneous analysis of eight metallic ions content in local river samples. The developed vanadium(V) oxide incorporated with silica gel is practicable as an economical and effective adsorbent to eliminate metallic ions from a liquid solution.
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•Silica gel is modified by Vanadium(V) oxide as sorbent for heavy metal removal.•The SiO2/V2O5 is inexpensive, eco-friendly, easily available, and selective.•Heavy metal recoveries maximum at pH 10 with the adsorbent capacity of 28.96 μmol/g.•Sorbent mass and volume achieve maximum removal up to 97.2% and 92%, respectively.•The manufactured sorbent was tested on aqueous solutions as well as river samples.
Today, there is widespread concern about the potential health effects on populations from consuming contaminated leafy plants and vegetables. In this study, heavy metal content is present in commonly ...consumed leafy plants (Atriplex hortensis, Spinacia oleracea, Urtica dioica, Beta vulgaris, and Brassica oleracea) from the mining area near Tuzla in Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined. After the preparation of the samples by wet digestion with HNO3, the flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used. According to the results, the lowest concentration in leafy plants was obtained for Cr 0.08 mg/kg (Brassica oleracea) and the highest for Fe 539.15 mg/kg (Spinacia oleracea). The novelty of this study was to estimate health risk assessment for selected leafy plants. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cd from consuming leafy plants was higher than the maximum tolerated daily intake. For adults, the total target hazard quotient (THQ) calculated based on EDI of the heavy metals was found to be > 1 for Pb and Cd due to all leafy plant consumption and for the children risk level of THQ was observed for most heavy metals. The hazard index due to the intake of toxic metals from ingesting leafy plants was much > 1. According to the total carcinogenic risk index for adults and children, the carcinogenic risks for all samples were higher than the tolerable range. Based on the results of this study, there is a significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk to the population associated with the consumption of leafy plants cultivated in the mining area.
Ash is a by-product of wood biomass combustion that must be removed daily from stoves or fireplaces. Therefore, operators or owners are exposed to the potential impact of ash. The goal of this study ...was to determine whether heavy metal present in wood pellet ash posed a health concern to stove operators/owners. The risk assessment procedure was carried out in several steps, including exposure evaluation, toxicity evaluation, and risk categorisation. The hazard coefficient (HQ) and non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) were calculated for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. HQ had the highest value for the ingestion pathway (3.62 ∙ 10−6), and the value for non-carcinogenic HI was 3.70 ∙ 10−6. The value HI < 1 suggests that there is no risk to operator health related to heavy metals in analysed wood pellets ash. The carcinogenic risk (CR) was calculated for Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cd, and the values were within the permitted limits. The risk assessment based on HI and CR indicators proved that there was no significant health concern regarding exposure to the analysed ashes.
Iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina PAZALJA, Mirha; LINDOV, Amina; SPAHIĆ, Melika ...
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food science and technology,
11/2023, Letnik:
80, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main health issues that has an impact on cognitive function, physical ability, immune function, and reproductive performance. Therefore, this study focused on the ...determination of iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the average daily intake of iron via consumption of these plants. The plant samples were prepared by wet digestion with nitric acid (HNO3), and iron content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentration of Fe ranged from 41.97 mg/kg for Brassica oleracea var. acephala to 338.73 mg/kg for Spinacia oleracea. Daily intakes for different leafy plants were also calculated. The leafy plants were arranged by daily iron intake in the following decreasing order Spinacia oleracea > Beta vulgaris > Atriplex hortensis > Urtica dioica > Brassica oleracea var. acephala. Results from this study indicate that leafy plants can be a significant source of iron. The findings conclusively suggest that our local leafy plants are good source of iron through diet.
The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of the fresh extracts of Croatian and Greek watermelon seeds. Samples were prepared using two extraction methods: Soxhlet and ...maceration. Ethanol was used as a solvent in the Soxhlet, and methanol in the maceration method. The mass fractions of the extracts obtained by maceration were lower compared to those obtained by the Soxhlet method. The antioxidant capacity of fresh watermelon-seed extracts was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) method. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also expressed via IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration). Based on the obtained IC50 values (1.41 to 2.60 mg ml−1), all tested extracts showed antiradical activity but antioxidant capacity was better in extracts obtained by the maceration method. The reason for this may be the use of methanol as a solvent, which was to be expected, since methanol is a more polar solvent than ethanol. The neutralisation capacity of DPPH radicals of analysed extracts was compared to the neutralisation capacity of ascorbic acid as standard. The concentrations of tested extracts required to neutralize 50 % of DPPH radicals were significantly higher than the required concentration of ascorbic acid (0.25 mg ml−1).
The content of macro- and microelements in dry samples of mushrooms of the species Macrolepiota procera, Boletus edulis and Cantharellus cibarius, collected at different areas in Bosnia and ...Herzegovina, was determined using the ICP-OES method (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Of the macroelements, K is the most represented, followed by S, P, Mg, and the least represented Ca and Na. Zn is the most represented of the essential microelements, followed by Fe, Se, Cu, Mn and Co. Al is the most abundant of the other trace elements followed by Ni and Cr. Of the toxic metals, the most represented is Cd, followed by Pb and As. There are differences in the concentration of micro- and macroelements in the mushrooms analysed, depending on the area from which they were collected because natural geology and geochemistry influence the content of macro- and microelements in wild edible mushrooms. The results show that the analysed mushrooms can be considered a good source of essential elements. The study also assessed potential health risks of heavy metals and the target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in the analysed mushrooms was lower than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk index revealed that Cd and Ni are the most prevalent pollutants in the mushrooms studied.
The content of micro- and macroelements in dry wild and edible Morchella esculenta and Lactarius piperatus mushrooms collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina was determined using the ICP-OES (inductively ...coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) technique. The contents of microelements in M. esculenta and L. piperatus expressed in mg kg–1 DW (dry weight) were as follows: Co 0.08 and 0.28, Cu 37.35 and 27.66, Fe 174.29 and 28.11, Mn 21.26 and 19.31, Se 0.46 and 0.52, Zn 122.84 and 45.06, Al 27.80 and 24.80, Cr 0.83 and 1.06, Ni 0.99 and 0.96, As 0.32 and 0.09, Cd 0.48 and 0.13, and Pb 0.61 and 0.12, respectively, while the contents of macroelements were: K 26989.48 and 36117.20, Na 70.85 and 28.60, Ca 643.48 and 271.93, Mg 684.16 and 840.64, S 2329.33 and 610.42, and P 10339.35 and 5107.63, respectively. In this study, the potential health risks of heavy metals were assessed, and target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the tested mushrooms was lower than the safe level. Edible wild mushrooms M. esculenta and L. piperatus, according to this study, could be used in human nutrition due to their favourable characteristics. Based on the accumulations of heavy metals in the tested mushrooms, it was shown that the collection surfaces are environmentally acceptable. Mushrooms collected from this area are generally safe to eat and pose no health risks to humans.
A new low potential electrochemical sensor for determination of L-cysteine based on carbon electrodes modified with Ru(III) Schiff base complex, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Nafion is presented. ...Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and flow injection analysis were employed. Measurements were carried out using Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 5.50). The results showed that addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to Ru(III) complex modified glassy carbon and screen printed carbon electrodes gives increased current signals at the potential where oxidation of L-cysteine occurs. Flow injection amperometric measurements were performed at the operating potential +0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode and showed fast electric current response for L-cysteine oxidation, demonstrating good reproducibility and stability. The sensor has a detection limit of 0.11 mg L-1 and a dynamic range of 50-500 mg L-1. The repeatability was calculated as 2.8 %. New sensor was used for the determination of L-cysteine in pharmaceutical products.
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