This article reviews current knowledge on candidate genes and fatty acids in beef meat. It highlights the general situation of beef cattle in the world, the anatomy, and genetics of cattle, and ...discusses fatty acid groups in beef and their percentage in musculus longissimus dorsi and the musculus longissimus thoracis. Some selected genes that have been most researched in recent years are discussed in terms of many fatty acids that are associated with as well as sensory attributes of meat and the influence of the fatty acids themselves on sensory evaluation of meat.
Over the past three decades, the scientific and public interest has been initiated by studies in which the negative effect of milk consumption of beta-casein A1 variant has been observed on ...consumers’ health. The production of "A2 milk" is one of the ways to economically increase the competitiveness of small and medium-sized dairy farms. Breeders of endangered local breeds are also interested in reaffirmation through production of “A2 milk”. The aim of this study is to determine frequencies of A1 and A2 variants of beta-casein in three commercial and three local breeds of cattle in Croatia, and their relationship with production indicators of commercial breeds in the first three lactations. The genomic DNA was extracted from hair by using a commercial kit, used for determination of CSN2 genotypes by means of PCRRFLP method. Data for milk yield and chemical composition were provided by the central database. The dominant presence of A2 variant beta-casein in the investigated cattle breeds (0.650-0.758) and the increase in the frequency of A2 beta-casein in the population of Simmental and Istrian cattle were determined. The association of A2A2 and A1A1 genotypes of beta-casein with lactation production and milk fat content in the first and second lactation was observed (p <0.05). The dominance of the A2 allelic variation of beta-casein makes the researched conventional and local breeds suitable for the production of "A2 milk. The breeding extension of A2 allelic variation of beta-casein within local breeds of cattle should be carried out carefully not to lose part of the existing genetic variability.
The problem of the erosion of animal genetic resources is evident in certain local donkey breeds, and their long-term sustainability can be achieved by economically repositioning them. To develop ...alternative and sustainable commercial programs, the meat and milk production characteristics of Istrian donkey and Littoral Dinaric donkey breeds were investigated. The meat production characteristics were examined in mature males, whose carcasses were dissected, and meat composition was determined using NIT spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. Milk yield and milk composition were determined in jennies in second or subsequent lactations by measuring milk volume and using infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography. Compared to the Littoral Dinaric donkey, the Istrian donkey has a higher carcass weight and dressing percentage (
< 0.001). The share of boneless meat in relation to live weight was 28.27% in the Istrian donkey and 26.18% in the Littoral Dinaric donkey. The absolute masses of primal cuts of meat in E, I, and II classes were significantly greater in Istrian donkeys than in Littoral Dinaric donkeys (
< 0.01), although the differences in the proportions of primal cuts were not significant. The breed did not have a significant impact on the color, pH, or meat composition. A significant influence of breed on milk yield, lactose, protein, and the fat content of milk was observed (
< 0.01). A significant influence of breed on the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA fatty acids in donkey milk was observed (
= 0.002). The values of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were favorable, considering potential beneficial effects of donkey milk and meat on consumer health. The findings of this research suggest that local donkey breeds hold significant potential for meat and milk production, focusing on the uniqueness and quality of their products rather than the quantity of meat and milk they can produce.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Croatian Posavina horse (CPH) is native Croatian breed under a conservation program and under various programs of economic use (ecosystem services, agrotourism, and meat production). The aim of ...this study was to analyze the status of the CPH population through an analysis of their pedigree (28,483 records), phenotype (292 licensed stallions, 255 mares), and genetic structure (292 licensed stallions). The average generation interval was 8.20 years, and the number of complete generations was 1.66. The effective number of founders and ancestors was 138 and 107, respectively, with a ratio of 1.29, and the genetic conservation index was 4.46. As for the morphometric characteristics, the average withers height of the stallions was 142.79 cm, the chest circumference was 194.28 cm, and the cannon bone circumference was 22.34. In mares, the withers height, chest, and cannon bone circumference were lower (139.71 cm, 190.30 cm, and 20.94 cm, respectively). Genetic microsatellite analysis of the 29 sire-lines showed high genetic diversity, expressed as the mean allele number (7.7), allele richness (4.0), and expected heterozygosity (0.740). There was no evidence of high inbreeding or a genetic bottleneck. The genetic and phenotypic data indicate that the CPH is an important and diverse reservoir of genetic diversity and can be conserved because of its special characteristics (adaptability).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To improve beef quality, a selection of specific breeds for crossbreeding, genotyping, and selection of specific candidate genes in breeding animals can be some of the solutions. The objective of ...this study was to determine the effects of FASN, SCD, and GH genes on carcass fatness and fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular lipids of crossbred Holstein × beef breeds (Simmental, Belgian Blue, Limousin, and Piemontese). The allelic and genotypic distribution of polymorphisms in the FASN, SCD, and GH genes was studied in 80 crossbreed animals. Genomic DNA was isolated from musculus longissimus dorsi, whose chemical composition was determined by near infrared transmittance spectrophotometry, while the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. DNA polymorphism was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The FASN (g. 17924A>G) polymorphism was significantly associated with C19:1 n-9 and C24:1 n-9, whereas GH (g.2141C>G) was significantly associated with C16:0 and C20:1 n-9. The SCD (g.8586C>T) polymorphism was significantly associated with C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C14:1 n-5, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, and C20:4 n-6, and analyzed the sum and ratios of fatty acids. Sex had significant effect on carcass fatness and fatty acid composition. This study provided useful results for the above candidate genes and their association with some FA, supporting their influence as genes associated with fats and fatty acid composition in beef meat.
The two native Croatian donkey breeds (Littoral-Dinaric donkey and Istrian donkey) were marginalized in the second half of the 20th century and were on the verge of biological extinction. The aim of ...this study was to analyze the demographic and genetic status of two donkey breeds, two decades after the start of protection by analyzing their pedigrees and genetic structure. The average generation interval was higher for the Istrian donkey (7.73) than for the Littoral-Dinaric donkey (7.27). The rate of the effective number of founders compared with the effective number of ancestors in the Littoral-Dinaric donkey (1.03; 325/316) and in the Istrian donkey (1.08; 70/65) revealed no evidence of a genetic bottleneck. The inbreeding coefficient (F) and the average relatedness coefficient (AR) was lower in the Littoral-Dinaric donkey population (0.99%; 0.13%) than in the Istrian donkey population (1.77%; 1.10%). Genetic microsatellite analysis showed relatively high genetic diversity in Littoral-Dinaric donkey and Istrian donkey breeds, expressed by mean allele number (5.92; 5.85) and expected heterozygosity (0.650; 0.653). Genetic differentiation between the Littoral-Dinaric donkey and the Istrian donkey has not significantly increased in the last two decades (FST = 0.028). Genetic analysis also showed no evidence of high inbreeding or genetic bottleneck in both breeds. A total of 11 haplotypes including 28 polymorphic sites were found in 30 samples. Analysis of mtDNA has shown that the Littoral-Dinaric donkey and Istrian donkey breeds belong to the Equus asinus africanus group. The study confirms the need to use different analytical approaches to get a regular and complete insight into the situation and trends within and between breeds, so that the existing diversity can be fully preserved.
This study aimed to determine the relationship between intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition of pork. The IMF content and the FA composition were determined in the samples ...(n = 30) of muscle tissue (m. longissimus dorsi) taken from the pig carcasses from the intensive pork production system in Republic of Croatia. The fat content was analysed by standard ISO method, while FA composition was determined by liquid gas chromatography using the in situ transesterification method. Results revealed the significant positive correlations and regressions of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) on IMF content, while reverse relationship existed between IMF and the most of the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Although there was a significant relation between the IMF content and the majority of individual saturated FA (SFA), the effect of IMF content on the proportion of total SFA in pork was not clear. This can be explained by the existence of significant correlations and regressions but with an opposite directions for major SFA-s, which shares in IMF were simultaneously increasing (e.g. 16:0) and decreasing (e.g. 18:0) with an increase in IMF content.
The aim of this paper was to determine basic technological traits and sensory acceptance of dry game sausages with addition of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.) essential oil. For that purpose, three ...treatments were established: controlled C, L1 with addition of 0.005% of bay leaf essential oil, and L2 with addition of 0.01% of bay leaf essential oil. Measurement of pH, water activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were performed at the end of production, while after storage for 2 months in vacuum and cold sensory hedonic test on 106 subjects was done. It was found that sausages with added bay leaf essential oil had significantly lower pH values (L1 and L2 treatment), water activity (L1 treatment) and TBARS values (L1 and L2 treatment) compared to control treatment C. Statistical analysis of sensory data revealed that sausages from C treatment were rated with significantly higher acceptability and willingness to buy than L1 and L2 treatments. It was established that sensory traits of sausages from treatment C were liked in 98.61% of consumers, from treatment L1 in 90.93%, while sausages from treatment L2 were liked in 85.71% of consumers. The highest proportion of consumers willing to buy sausages were in treatment C (91.11%), followed by sausages in treatment L1 (84.31%), and the lowest proportion were in treatment L2 (66.67%). Although beneficial impact of addition of bay leaf essential oil on technological traits was found, there was an unfavorable effect on sensory traits and willingness to buy sausages possibly due to the consumers’ existing expectation of sensory characteristics of dry game sausages.
To improve beef quality, a selection of specific breeds for crossbreeding, genotyping, and selection of specific candidate genes in breeding animals can be some of the solutions. The objective of ...this study was to determine the effects of FASN, SCD, and GH genes on carcass fatness and fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular lipids of crossbred Holstein × beef breeds (Simmental, Belgian Blue, Limousin, and Piemontese). The allelic and genotypic distribution of polymorphisms in the FASN, SCD, and GH genes was studied in 80 crossbreed animals. Genomic DNA was isolated from musculus longissimus dorsi, whose chemical composition was determined by near infrared transmittance spectrophotometry, while the fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. DNA polymorphism was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The FASN (g. 17924A>G) polymorphism was significantly associated with C19:1 n-9 and C24:1 n-9, whereas GH (g.2141C>G) was significantly associated with C16:0 and C20:1 n-9. The SCD (g.8586C>T) polymorphism was significantly associated with C16:0, C18:0, C20:0, C14:1 n-5, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, and C20:4 n-6, and analyzed the sum and ratios of fatty acids. Sex had significant effect on carcass fatness and fatty acid composition. This study provided useful results for the above candidate genes and their association with some FA, supporting their influence as genes associated with fats and fatty acid composition in beef meat.
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