The emergence of TV in the first half of the 20th century became one of the media for mass audiovisual communication, technologically extending the tradition of electric telegraph and radio. ...Initially, TV was considered a media for transmitting current processes. With the introduction of video technology in the 1960s, TV began to capture live content and re-display videos. TV content production technologies have been radically changed by video editing, which has brought TV closer to the cinema. Technological changes in the analog era have had a greater impact on content production processes, and the digital era sparked a revolution in content consumption. Technological changes in the pre-digital and digital era can be seen as progress, but at the same time raises the question of media perception, even survival, as the technologies of production and distribution of TV content and audience behavior change from time to time.
The emergence of the new media was related to the established social order at that time. Television in Lithuania was first introduced in the late 1950s when the country was under the Soviet rule. ...Soviet ideology utilized the modern media to plan the modernization of the society, i.e. to create a new system. And the achievement of the goals involved coercion, deceit and information censorship. The technologically advanced TV media was restrained by the authorities. The author of this text analyses Soviet Lithuanian television in the context of other media, exhibiting modus operandi of the Soviet regime and the behaviour of people who worked in the system.
For the first time, television was shown more than 90 years ago, and TV as the media began to entrench in the 1930s. The emergence of the new media reveals the old–new contraposition when the new ...communication technology is trying to interfere with the established system. The look at the era of the emergence of new media is not only a historical tour but also an opportunity to take a fresh look at today’s media and to predict their development.
This text analyses the 1930s–1960s scripts from the Paris Saint-Genevieve Library Funds about the theory and critique of Western TV. Our goal is to reveal how the new media is perceived in texts of those days, with a particular attention to the effects of direct broadcast.
The aim of the research is to look into texts about television (critical reviews on television, texts by first television theoreticians and practitioners, interviews, scientific articles, books, and ...dossier) published in France in the 1940s-60s, to reveal the reactions towards the new and rapidly spreading medium. An attempt will be made to show how the early insights of French authors reflect the purpose of the new medium, its distinctiveness, specific character, functions, content, audience, relationship with other media, and technological change. The analysis covers over 70 sources, categorizing the insights according to the following criteria: television in the context of other media, influence of theatre and cinematography, television as a home media, particularities of live broadcasting, and communicational characteristics of the small screen. The research was carried out with the support of the French Government and in co-operation with the Information and Communication Research Laboratory CARISM of the Pantheon-Assas University (Paris 2).
We live in a digital era, which can be described in various aspects: the digitalization of analogue information storage, the emergence of web society, the replacement of the vertical mass ...communication model with horizontal social networks, the decrease in the influence of traditional media. The article deals with the main characteristics of the digital era: interactivity, momentariness, hypertextuality, and convergence. The discussion of social network phenomenon and traditional media crisis serves in revealing the following relevant issues of the information space: the information content creation, dissemination, economic models, and changes in consumer behaviour. The oppositions between information reliability, freedom of speech, sociability and individuality are highlighted.
XX amžiuje atsiradusi televizija įkūnijo žmonijos tolimo matymo svajonę, ekrane susiejo ikitelevizines vizualiąsias ir audiovizualiąsias medijas, iki tol eksponuotas muziejuose, koncertų, teatro, ...kino salėse. Viena vertus, televizija buvo laikoma ankstesnių medijų pratęsimu (teatras arba kinematografas namuose), jų retransliavimo priemone (muzikos, vaidybinių žanrų, fotografijos). Komunikacinės televizijos ypatybės, unikalus serijiškumas formavo naujas raiškos formas, naujus žanrus ir formatus. Pirmasis Lietuvos televizijos dešimtmetis (1957–1967) atskleidžia prieštaringus mėginimus ieškoti naujosios medijos išskirtinumo.
Gyvename sudėtingoje skaitmeninėje tikrovėje, kurios pokyčių dydį ir pasekmes galės įvertinti tik ateities tyrėjai. Vos spėjame fiksuoti ir konstatuoti pokyčius, spėliojame rytdienos perspektyvas. ...Sunku apibendrinti, nes esame proceso dalis, tie patys informacijos kūrėjai ir vartotojai, sunkiai spėjantys reaguoti į tai, kas vyksta. Viena vertus, medijų ir žurnalistikos kaitoje galime įžvelgti evoliucijos, laipsniškos raidos bruožų. Kita vertus, neabejotini revoliuciniai procesai, griaunantys nusistovėjusią masinės komunikacijos ir informacijos sistemos tvarką. Mūsų siekis šiame tekste – fiksuoti šiandienos situaciją, apibendrinti pasaulio patirtį ir atkreipti dėmesį į tam tikras išryškėjusias tendencijas bei prieštaras, kai sėkmės sulaukia ir naujoviški skaitmeninės eros žurnalistikos projektai, ir konservatyvus tradicinės žiniasklaidos turinio ir formos išsaugojimas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: medijos, žiniasklaida, žurnalistika, skaitmeninė era, daugiaterpė raiška, turinio industrializacija. Journalism 2.0. Revolution of evolution? Žygintas Pečiulis We live in a complicated digital reality whose outcomes and weight of changes can be estimated only by future researchers. We hardly trace and state changes, trying to guess the perspectives of tomorrow. As we are part of this process (creators and users of information), it is difficult to generalize and to respond to what is happening. On the one hand, we can see the attributes of evolution and gradual development in the changing media and journalism. On the other hand, unequivocal revolutionary processes demolish the established order of the mass media and information system. This study attempts to capture the current situation, to summarize the global experience, and to spotlight the main trends. We note the contradictions when the conservative retention of the traditional media content and form is similarly successful as the innovative digital era media projects. Keywords: media, mass media, journalism, digital era, multimodal expression, content industrialization.
Straipsnyje analizuojama sovietinio laikotarpio Lietuvos televizija. Pateikiamas Vakarų ir Rytų Europos audiovizualinės masinės komunikacijos istorinės raidos kontekstas, visuomeninių ir valstybinių ...transliuotojų funkcijų lyginamoji analizė. Pasitelkus sovietmečio dokumentus, televizijos laidų tekstus, televizijos darbuotojų prisiminimus, atskleidžiama audiovizualinės masinės komunikacijos priemonių vieta sovietinėje sistemoje, pateikiamos svarbiausios ideologinės klišės, analizuojamas cenzūros ir asmeninės cenzūros veikimas, televizijos darbuotojų santykio su sistema problema. Reikšminiai žodžiai: audiovizualinė masinė komunikacija, televizija, sovietinės Lietuvos televizija, ideologinės klišės, cenzūra, pranešimo stilistika. Multiplicity of Soviet television discourse: formality and sincerity drama Žygintas Pečiulis Summary Information dosage during the Soviet period was based on noble purposes. Closed borders and information control were the ways to keep the system and persuade society. Peculiarities of society, such as the official doctrine and its treatment on the personal daily level or adaptation and rebellion dilemma determined the formation of multiple television discourses. The documents, memories, scripts of the time allow to reveal the television discourse multiplicity in soviet Lithuania and the intentions of the originators of such discourses. Modern media fall into stagnation, in a strictly regulated environment. However, the pomp of communism coincides with the dynamism and innovation of television. Television was used to promote the principal ideological postulates: internationalism, socialism, the cult of the proletariat and communism, the failure of capitalism, depreciation of independent Lithuania, atheism. The language was pompous, characterized by a combination of belletristic and bureaucratic styles, attention to the correctness. There were plenty of phrases reminiscent of fairy tale and myth phraseology. Key words: audio-visual mass communication, television, the soviet Lithuanian television, ideological clichés, censorship, communication style.
Per beveik šimtą metų TV medija patyrė didelių pokyčių. Istoriškai susiformavo visuomeninis, valstybinis, komercinis transliuotojo modeliai. Turinio gamybos požiūriu skiriami tiesioginio ...transliavimo, vaizdo fiksavimo ir montažo etapai. Pagal programų stilistiką ir santykį su auditorija įvardijamos paleo- (mo-nopolinė nekonkurencinė) ir neo- (daugiakanalė konkurencinė) epochos. Technologiniu ir audiovizualinių sistemų funkcionavimo aspektais kalbama apie broadcasting (universalūs kanalai), narrowcasting (teminių kanalų gausa) ir webcasting (turinio ir jo žiūrėjimo būdų įvairovė). Šie kardinalūs pokyčiai kelia TV medijos sampratos, autentiškumo, kaitos ribų, pagaliau, išlikimo klausimą. Šiuos klausimus tekste ir analizuojame.
After the emergence of TV in the first half of the 20th century, it became one of the media for mass audiovisual communication, technologically extending the tradition of the electric telegraph and ...radio. Initially, TV was considered a media for transmitting current processes. With the introduction of video technology in the 1960s, TV began to capture live content and re-display videos. TV content production technologies have been radically changed by video editing, which has brought TV closer to the cinema. Technological changes in the analog era have had a greater impact on content production processes, and the digital era sparked a revolution in content consumption. Technological changes in the pre-digital and digital era can be seen as progress, but at the same time raises the question of media perception, even survival, as the technologies of production and distribution of TV content and audience behavior change from time to time.
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