In order to obtain nursing observation indexes in treatment of acute organophosphorus insecticides poisoning (AOIP) with rational atropine dosage, three nursing observation indexes: abnormal ...secretion, body temperature and pulse were summarized with the theory obtained from a earlier study in our hospital. The rational atropine dosage for treatment of AOIP should be enough to antagonize the accumulation of acetylcholine but should not cause too much body feedback regulation. Regulate atropine dose by changes of these three indexes, 171 patients with AOIP (Group A) were treated and observed, and compared with 184 patients (Group B) treated with traditional observating method (atropinization index). The results showed that the atropine dose used in Group A was markedly less than that in Group B (P < 0.001), the medication duration was shortened (P < 0.001), the complication and fatality rate were decreased (both P < 0.05). It indicated that these observation indexes are scientific and reliable, practical and of
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme that downregulates the insulin receptor. Inhibition of PTP1B is expected to improve insulin action, and the design of small molecule PTP1B ...inhibitors to treat type II diabetes has received considerable attention. In this work, NMR-based screening identified a nonselective competitive inhibitor of PTP1B. A second site ligand was also identified by NMR-based screening and then linked to the catalytic site ligand by rational design. X-ray data confirmed that the inhibitor bound with the catalytic site in the native, “open” conformation. The final compound displayed excellent potency and good selectivity over many other phosphatases. The modular approach to drug design described in this work should be applicable for the design of potent and selective inhibitors of other therapeutically relevant protein tyrosine phosphatases.
To date, knowledge gaps and associated uncertainties remain unaddressed on the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on plants. This study was focused on revealing some of the physiological effects of ...magnetite (Fe sub(3)O sub(4)) NPs on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita mixta cv. white cushaw) plants under hydroponic conditions. This study for the first time reports that Fe sub(3)O sub(4) NPs often induced more oxidative stress than Fe sub(3)O sub(4) bulk particles in the ryegrass and pumpkin roots and shoots as indicated by significantly increased: (i) superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, and (ii) lipid peroxidation. However, tested Fe sub(3)O sub(4) NPs appear unable to be translocated in the ryegrass and pumpkin plants. This was supported by the following data: (i) No magnetization was detected in the shoots of either plant treated with 30, 100 and 500 mg 1 super(-1) Fe sub(3)O sub(4) NPs; (ii) Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic study confirmed that the coordination environment of Fe in these plant shoots was similar to that of Fe-citrate complexes, but not to that of Fe sub(3)O sub(4) NPs; and (iii) total Fe content in the ryegrass and pumpkin shoots treated with Fe sub(3)O sub(4) NPs was not significantly increased compared to that in the control shoots.
The decomposition of polyethylene over supported rhodium films was investigated using FT-i.r. as an analytical probe. The process was observed to occur at relatively low temperature (190°C) and ...hydrogen pressure (13–53 kPa). The products detected by i.r. were methane and gaseous lower hydrocarbons. The active catalyst is believed to be Rh metal, rather than the RhCl
3 salt. Larger yields of methane were obtained when Rh/Al
2O
3 was the catalyst than for Rh/TiO
2, in contrast to observations for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. The work demonstrates the utility of FT-i.r. for
in situ investigations of polymer decomposition processes.
Magnesium oxide and magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel (MAS) powders were synthesised by a simple aqueous sol-gel process using citrate polymeric precursors derived from magnesium chloride, ...aluminium nitrate and citrate. The thermal decomposition of the precursors and subsequent formation of cubic MgO and MAS were investigated by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC and FTIR. The single phase cubic MgO powder and MAS powder formed after heat treatment at 800 and 1200 C, respectively. The particle size of the MgO and MAS powders was about 100 nm and several micron, respectively. Ball milling reduced the size of MgO and MgAl2O4 spinel powders by decreasing the conglomeration of the powders.
We investigated the diagnostic utility of post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared to ...the histological diagnosis of differential grades of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).
Forty-nine patients with histologically characterized liver nodules (well-differentiated HCC, n = 20; moderately differentiated HCC, n = 19; poorly differentiated HCC, n = 1; dysplastic nodule, n = 9) received contrast-enhanced US and SPIO-MRI. Subsequently, we quantitatively evaluated the relationships between the images of the nodules and their histological diagnosis and differential grades.
The ratio of the echogenicity of the tumorous area to that of the nontumorous area with post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US (post-vascular phase ratio) decreased as nodules became less differentiated (P < 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). The ratio of the intensity of the nontumorous area to that of the tumorous area on SPIO-enhanced MR images (SPIO intensity index) also decreased as nodules became less differentiated (P < 0.01). The post-vascular phase ratio correlated with the SPIO intensity index for HCCs and dysplastic nodules (r = 0.76). The conformity of the result from the post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US and SPIO-MRI was 96%.
Contrast-enhanced US is a valuable method for predicting the histological grade of HCCs in cirrhotic patients, and may be a good alternative to SPIO-enhanced MRI.
A combined study utilizing infrared spectroscopy and a tubular microreactor on the decomposition of polystyrene over supported rhodium has been performed. The primary product detected by infrared was ...methane, but only when hydrogen gas was present and only at temperatures higher (523 K) than those necessary (501 K) for hydrogenation of the aromatic rings on polystyrene. Temperatures necessary for production of methane over Rh/SiO2 (573 K) were higher than those for Rh/Al2O3 (523 K). The tubular microreactor studies showed that the yield of methane during sample decomposition was low compared to those of higher hydrocarbons not detected by infrared.
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