The (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani (KdVSKR) equation which consists of the KdV equation and the SK equation is studied. Soliton molecules of the KdVSKR equation are given by ...means of the velocity resonance mechanism. By selecting the values of the phases, soliton molecule bounded by the three solitons is transferred to other type of the soliton molecule bounded by the asymmetric soliton and one soliton. Multi-breather solutions are derived by selecting the complex conjugate relations in the parameters. The relative positions for the maximum amplitudes of the multi-breathers can adjust with different values of the phases. It demonstrates that the phases of the multi-soliton solutions play an important effect in certain phenomena. In the meanwhile, the interactions between a soliton molecule and one-order breather, and between a soliton molecule and one-order lump of the KdVSKR equation are analyzed. The interactions are an elastic collisions by both the analytical and graphical ways.
Lotus-type porous metals, characterized by low densities, large surface areas, and directional properties, are contemporarily utilized as lightweight, catalytic, and energy-damping materials; heat ...sinks; etc. In this study, the effects of dimensionless working parameters on the morphology of lotus-type pores in metals during unidirectional solidification were extensively investigated via general algebraic expressions. The independent dimensionless parameters include metallurgical, transport, and geometrical parameters such as Sieverts’ law constant, a partition coefficient, the solidification rate, a mass transfer coefficient, the imposed mole fraction of a solute gas, the total pressure at the top free surface, hydrostatic pressure, a solute transport parameter, inter-pore spacing, and initial contact angle. This model accounts for transient gas pressure in the pore, affected by the solute transfer, gas, capillary, and hydrostatic pressures, and Sieverts’ laws at the bubble cap and top free surface. Solute transport across the cap accounts for solute convection at the cap and the amount of solute rejected by the solidification front into the pore. The shape of lotus-type pores can be described using a proposed fifth-degree polynomial approximation, which captures the major portions between the initial contact angle and the maximum radius at a contact angle of 90 degrees, obtained by conserving the total solute content in the system. The proposed polynomial approximation, along with its working parameters, offers profound insights into the formation and shape of lotus-type pores in metals. It systematically provides deep insights into mechanisms that may not be easily revealed with experimental studies. The prediction of a lotus-type pore shape is thus algebraically achieved in good agreement with the available experimental data and previous analytical results.
Crop-type classification is one of the most significant applications in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery. As a remote sensing technique, PolSAR has been proved to have the ...ability to provide high-resolution information of illustrated objects. However, single-temporal PolSAR data are restricted to provide sufficient information for crop identification due to the complicated condition of varying morphology within various growing stages. With an increasing number of spaceborne PolSAR systems launched, a large amount of real PolSAR data are being generated and used to provide great opportunities for multitemporal analysis. The main contribution of this paper is to improve crop classification accuracy with various features of classical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\alpha </tex-math></inline-formula> parameters. First, in order to deal with dual-PolSAR data, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\alpha </tex-math></inline-formula> decomposition algorithm for quad-PolSAR is modified to suit to the case of dual polarization. Second, according to the differential scattering characteristics of main crops, a new parameter is innovatively defined to measure the differential characteristics in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\alpha </tex-math></inline-formula> classification plane. Third, crop types are discriminated by applying a supervised classification method with the newly defined parameter. Furthermore, the correctness of the parameter is verified with simulated and real Sentinel-1 data as well as AirSAR data. Finally, the performances of the classification method are investigated by the comparison with complex Wishart, Freeman-Wishart, and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Hence, the experimental results show that the proposed method and SVM classifier with the newly defined parameter have the ability to improve crop classification accuracy.
Pharmacokinetics provides a scientific basis for drug product design, dosage regimen planning, understanding the body's action on the drug, and relating the time course of the drug in the body to its ...pharmacodynamics and/or toxic effects. Recently, naringin, a natural flavonoid, was approved for clinical trials as a first-class new drug product by the China Food and Drug Administration, owing to its nonclinical efficacy in relieving cough, reducing sputum, and low toxicity. Previous reports focused on the pharmacokinetic studies of naringin or its active metabolite naringenin in rats, which were scattered and insufficient because naringin was coadministered with mixtures such as herbs, fruits, and other traditional medicines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of naringin and naringenin, following oral and intravenous administration of naringin in rats, dogs, and humans, which can be beneficial for new drug development.
Separate bioanalytical methods were developed and validated to determine the concentrations of naringin and its active metabolite naringenin in biological samples obtained from rats, dogs, and humans. Comprehensive nonclinical and clinical data were used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of naringin and naringenin. Experiments included single-dose studies (oral and intravenous administration), multiple-dose studies, and an assessment of food-effects. Furthermore, the metabolism of naringin and naringenin was studied in rat and human liver and kidney microsomes. All biological samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of naringin and naringenin were calculated and the results show an insignificant influence of high-fat diet and insignificant accumulation of the drugs after multiple dosing. Twelve metabolites were detected in the liver and kidney microsomes of rats and humans; naringin metabolism was a complex process simultaneously catalyzed by multiple human enzymes. All evaluated species demonstrated differences in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of naringin and naringenin.
The results can be used to design a dosage regimen, deepen understanding of mechanisms, and accelerate new drug development.
http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/eap/main, identifiers CTR20130704 and CTR20190127.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized interactive video game-based (IVGB) training on balance in older adults with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease (PD).
In this 12-week ...crossover trial, PD patients ≥65 years of age were randomly divided into Group A (a 6-week intervention phase followed by a 6-week control phase) and Group B (a 6-week control phase followed by a 6-week intervention phase). Participants received IVGB exercise training during the intervention phase and no exercise during the control phase. Functional outcomes were measured using behavioral evaluation scales and questionnaires at baseline, week 6 and week 12.
Twenty-four PD patients were included in this study, and were evenly divided into two groups. After Bonferroni adjustment, the changes in Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) and two subscales of Multi-Directional Reach Test were significantly different between two groups in the first 6-week period. In addition, the changes in Berg Balance Scale, MFES, and two subscales of Maximum Step Length were significantly different between two groups in the second 6-week period. Compared to controls, 6-week IVGB exercise intervention significantly improved different but overlapping functional outcomes in two groups of PD patients.
The customized IVGB exercise training improves balance, postural stability and confidence in preventing falls in older adults with mild-to-moderate PD. However, this IVGB exercise doesn't have a significant impact on quality of life.
ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03689764 . Registered 27 September 2018, retrospectively registered.
This online survey study aimed to compare the cognitive, affective, and behavioral constructs of health beliefs related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between sexual minority and heterosexual ...individuals in Taiwan. In total, 533 sexual minority and 1421 heterosexual participants were recruited through a Facebook advertisement. The constructs pertaining to cognition (perceived relative susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived COVID-19 severity, having sufficient knowledge and information on COVID-19, and confidence in coping with COVID-19), affect (worry toward COVID-19), and behavior (adoption of health-protective behaviors) in relation to health beliefs about COVID-19 were compared between sexual minority and heterosexual participants. The results indicated that sexual minority participants had lower perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, greater self-confidence in coping with COVID-19, and lower worry about COVID-19 and were less likely to maintain good indoor ventilation and disinfect their household than heterosexual individuals. Sexual orientation is the modifying factor for the Health Belief Model in the COVID-19 pandemic and should be taken into consideration when medical professionals establish prevention programs for COVID-19.
Abstract
We report the detection of a strong thermal component in the short gamma-ray burst 170206A with three intense pulses in its light curves, throughout which the fluxes of this thermal ...component exhibit fast temporal variability the same as that of the accompanying nonthermal component. The values of the time-resolved low-energy photon index in the nonthermal component are between about −0.79 and −0.16, most of which are harder than the −2/3 expected in the synchrotron emission process. In addition, we found a common evolution between the thermal component and the nonthermal component,
E
p
,
CPL
∝
kT
BB
0.95
±
0.28
and
F
CPL
∝
F
BB
0.67
±
0.18
, where
E
p,CPL
and
F
CPL
are the peak photon energy and corresponding flux of the nonthermal component, and
kT
BB
and
F
BB
are the temperature and corresponding flux of the thermal component, respectively. Finally, we proposed that the photospheric thermal emission and the Comptonization of thermal photons may be responsible for the observational features of GRB 170206A.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VRK serine/threonine kinase 2 gene (VRK2) showing genome-wide significant associations with major ...depression, but the regulation effect of the risk SNPs on VRK2 as well as their roles in the illness are yet to be elucidated.
Based on the summary statistics of major depression GWAS, we conducted population genetic analyses, epigenome bioinformatics analyses, dual luciferase reporter assays, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses to identify the functional SNPs regulating VRK2; we also carried out behavioral assessments, dendritic spine morphological analyses, and phosphorylated 4D-label-free quantitative proteomics analyses in mice with Vrk2 repression.
We identified a SNP rs2678907 located in the 5' upstream of VRK2 gene exhibiting large spatial overlap with enhancer regulatory marks in human neural cells and brain tissues. Using luciferase reporter gene assays and eQTL analyses, the depression risk allele of rs2678907 decreased enhancer activities and predicted lower VRK2 mRNA expression, which is consistent with the observations of reduced VRK2 level in the patients with major depression compared with controls. Notably, Vrk2
mice exhibited depressive-like behaviors compared to Vrk2
mice and specifically repressing Vrk2 in the ventral hippocampus using adeno-associated virus (AAV) lead to consistent and even stronger depressive-like behaviors in mice. Compared with Vrk2
mice, the density of mushroom and thin spines in the ventral hippocampus was significantly altered in Vrk2
mice, which is in line with the phosphoproteomic analyses showing dysregulated synapse-associated proteins and pathways in Vrk2
mice.
Vrk2 deficiency mice showed behavioral abnormalities that mimic human depressive phenotypes, which may serve as a useful murine model for studying the pathophysiology of depression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper we study the nonlinear performance of super-symbol (SUP) transmission. We analyze the spectral dip, a unique feature of SUP, as a function of various system parameters and discuss how ...this dip and the associated nonlinear benefit would vary with different baud rates and shaping blocklengths. We then conduct simulations to verify our analysis, by which we confirm that the SUP performance can be optimized via a judicious choice on the baud rate and/or blocklength. Furthermore, a nonlinear noise study confirms that the nonlinear benefit of SUP mainly comes from its significant nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) reduction.
This study aimed to compare risk perception, information sources, adoption of protective behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and levels of general anxiety among affiliated health ...care professionals, frontline health care professionals, and the general public in Taiwan. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the risk perception, information sources, adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19, and levels of general anxiety among 1954 respondents. In total, 269 affiliated healthcare workers, 371 frontline healthcare workers, and 1314 members of the general public were recruited into this study. The results indicated that both affiliated and frontline health care professionals had a higher level of risk perception of COVID-19, and more adopted protective behaviors against COVID-19 than the general public. No significant differences in risk perception or the adoption of protective behaviors were identified between affiliated, and frontline, health care professionals. Affiliated health care professionals had a lower level of general anxiety than the general public, whereas frontline health care professionals exhibited no significant difference in level of general anxiety compared with the general public or affiliated health care professionals. As important members of COVID-19 treatment teams, the need for psychological and educational support in affiliated health care professionals should receive attention.
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