Photosensitization associated with light absorption and energy/electron‐transfer represents the central processes for photosynthesis. However, it's still a challenge to develop a heavy‐atom‐free ...(HAF) strategy to improve the sensitizing ability of polymeric photosensitizers. Herein, we propose a new protocol to significantly improve the photosensitization by decorating mother conjugated microporous polymer (CMP‐1) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in a series of CMPs (CMP‐2–4). Systematic study reveals that covalent modification with PAHs can transfer charge to Bodipy in CMP to further facilitate both intersystem crossing and electron‐hole separation, which can dramatically boost energy‐/electron‐transfer reactions. Remarkably, CMP‐2 as a representative CMP can efficiently drive the photosynthesis of methyl phenyl sulfoxide with 92 % yield, substantially higher than that of CMP‐1 (32 %). Experiments and theory calculations demonstrate the structure‐property‐activity relationship of these CMPs, opening a new horizon for developing HAF heterogeneous photosensitizers with highly efficient sensitizing activity by rational structure regulation at a molecular level.
A proof‐of‐concept strategy to trigger charge transfer for improving photosensitization is the covalent modification of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Charge transfer from the PAH donor to the Bodipy acceptor in CMPs can facilitate both intersystem crossing and electron–hole separation, leading to excellent performance for both energy‐ and electron‐transfer reactions.
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease, which primarily affects the elderly. However, the relationship between BP and malignancy remains controversial in traditional ...observational studies. The aim of this study, which included only European populations, was to assess the potential causative link between BP and 13 types of malignant tumors in a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. BP was not associated with an increased risk of developing 13 types of malignant tumors. This study did not find a causal relationship between BP and malignant tumors. However, further research is warranted to examine the generalizability of this conclusion in non‐European populations.
Vitiligo, a common autoimmune acquired pigmentary skin disorder, poses challenges due to its unclear pathogenesis. Evidence suggests inflammation and metabolism's pivotal roles in its onset and ...progression. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationships between vitiligo and inflammatory proteins, immune cells, and metabolites, exploring bidirectional associations and potential drug targets.
Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis encompassed 4,907 plasma proteins, 91 inflammatory proteins, 731 immune cell features, and 1400 metabolites. Bioinformatics analysis included Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network construction, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Subnetwork discovery and hub protein identification utilized the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin. Colocalization analysis and drug target exploration, including molecular docking validation, were performed.
MR analysis identified 49 proteins, 39 immune cell features, and 59 metabolites causally related to vitiligo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant involvement in PPI, GO enrichment, and KEGG pathways. Subnetwork analysis identified six central proteins, with Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) exhibiting strong colocalization evidence. Molecular docking validated Piceatannol's binding to IRF3, indicating a stable interaction.
This study comprehensively elucidates inflammation, immune response, and metabolism's intricate involvement in vitiligo pathogenesis. Identified proteins and pathways offer potential therapeutic targets, with IRF3 emerging as a promising candidate. These findings deepen our understanding of vitiligo's etiology, informing future research and drug development endeavors.
Errors will be caused in calculating the fatigue damages of details in liquid cargo tanks by using the traditional spectral analysis method which is based on linear system, for the nonlinear ...relationship between the dynamic stress and the ship acceleration. An improved spectral analysis method for the assessment of the fatigue damage in detail of a liquid cargo tank is proposed in this paper. Based on assumptions that the wave process can be simulated by summing the sinusoidal waves in different frequencies and the stress process can be simulated by summing the stress processes induced by these sinusoidal waves, the stress power spectral density (PSD) is calculated by expanding the stress processes induced by the sinusoidal waves into Fourier series and adding the amplitudes of each harmonic component with the same frequency. This analysis method can take the nonlinear relationship into consideration and the fatigue damage is then calculated based on the PSD of stress. Take an independent tank in an LNG carrier for example, the accuracy of the improved spectral analysis method is proved much better than that of the traditional spectral analysis method by comparing the calculated damage results with the results calculated by the time domain method. The proposed spectral analysis method is more accurate in calculating the fatigue damages in detail of ship liquid cargo tanks.
A database system, known as the large PMT characterization and instrumentation database system (LPMT-CIDS), was designed and implemented for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). The ...system is based on a Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP (LAMP) server and focuses on modularization and architecture separation. It covers all the testing stages for the 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at JUNO and provides its users with data storage, analysis, and visualization services. Based on the successful use of the system in the 20-inch PMT testing program, its design approach and construction elements can be extended to other projects.
In this study, we present the large photomultiplier tube (PMT) afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) experiment. A total of 11 dynode-PMTs ...(R12860) from the Hamamatsu company (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK)) and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs, GDB-6201) from the NNVT company (North Night Vision Technology Co., Ltd. (NNVT)) were tested. Subsequently, an afterpulse model was built according to the afterpulse time distribution and the probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs. The average ratio of the total afterpulse charge with a delay between 0.5
μ
s and 20
μ
s to the primary pulse charge is
∼
5.7% (13.2%) for the tested MCP-PMTs (dynode-PMTs). The JUNO experiment will deploy 20,012 20-inch PMTs; this study will benefit detector simulation, event reconstruction, and data analysis regarding the JUNO experiment.
Carbon dioxide cycloaddition into fine chemicals is prospective technology to solve energy crisis and environmental issues. However, high temperature and pressure are usually required in the ...conventional cycloaddition reactions of CO2 with epoxides. Moreover, metal active sites play a vital role in the CO2 cycloaddition, but it is still unclear. Herein, we select the isostructural MOF-919-Cu-Fe and MOF-919-Cu-Al as models to promote the performance and clarify the effects of metal type on the CO2 cycloaddition. The MOF-919-Cu-Fe with exposed Fe and Cu Lewis acid sites reaches the CO2 cycloaddition with over 99.9% conversion and over 99.9% selectivity at room temperature and a 1 bar CO2 atmosphere, 3.0- and 52.6-fold higher than those of the MOF-919-Cu-Al with Al and Cu sites (33.8%) and the 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, Fe, and Cu mixed system (1.9%), respectively. The proposed mechanism demonstrated that the exposed Fe3+ sites facilitate the ring opening of epoxide and CO2 activation to boost the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. This work provides a new insight to tune the catalytic sites of MOFs to achieve high performance for CO2 fixation.
Photosensitization associated with light absorption and energy/electron‐transfer represents the central processes for photosynthesis. However, it's still a challenge to develop a heavy‐atom‐free ...(HAF) strategy to improve the sensitizing ability of polymeric photosensitizers. Herein, we propose a new protocol to significantly improve the photosensitization by decorating mother conjugated microporous polymer (CMP‐1) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in a series of CMPs (CMP‐2–4). Systematic study reveals that covalent modification with PAHs can transfer charge to Bodipy in CMP to further facilitate both intersystem crossing and electron‐hole separation, which can dramatically boost energy‐/electron‐transfer reactions. Remarkably, CMP‐2 as a representative CMP can efficiently drive the photosynthesis of methyl phenyl sulfoxide with 92 % yield, substantially higher than that of CMP‐1 (32 %). Experiments and theory calculations demonstrate the structure‐property‐activity relationship of these CMPs, opening a new horizon for developing HAF heterogeneous photosensitizers with highly efficient sensitizing activity by rational structure regulation at a molecular level.
A proof‐of‐concept strategy to trigger charge transfer for improving photosensitization is the covalent modification of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Charge transfer from the PAH donor to the Bodipy acceptor in CMPs can facilitate both intersystem crossing and electron–hole separation, leading to excellent performance for both energy‐ and electron‐transfer reactions.
Introduction： An increasing number of targeted drugs have been tested for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. However, targeted therapy-related oncogenic mutations have not been fully ...evaluated. This study aimed to detect targeted therapy-related oncogenic mutations in NPC and to determine which targeted therapy might be potentially effective in treating NPC. Methods： By using the SNaPshot assay, a rapid detection method, 19 mutation hotspots in 6 targeted therapy-related oncogenes were examined in 70 NPC patients. The associations between oncogenic mutations and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Results： Among 70 patients, 12 （1 7.1%） had mutations in 5 oncogenes： 7 （10.0%） had v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （KIT） mutation, 2 （2.8%） had epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutation, 1 （1.4%） had phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha （PIK3CA） mutation, 1 （IA%） had Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （KRAS） mutation, and 1（1.4%） had simultaneous EGFB and v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog BI （BRAF） mutations. No significant differences were observed between oncogenic mutations and clinicopathologic characteristics. Additionally, these oncogenic mutations were not associated with tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions： Oncogenic mutations are present in NPC patients. The efficacy of targeted drugs on patients with the related oncogenic mutations requires further validation.
Coalbed methane is a kind of highly efficient and clean energy source. The permeability of coal seam affects the application of gas extraction. There are so many factors affecting gas permeability, ...such as gas pressure, temperature, moisture content, confining pressure, and coal rank. We experimentally investigated gas permeability of three different coals at four different temperatures (23°C, 34°C, 45°C, and 60°C) and three different moisture contents (dry, medium moisture and moisture-saturated coals). Injection gas pressure varied from 1 MPa to 6 MPa (up to 8 MPa for N
2
) at constant axial confining pressure of 9 MPa. The results show that under constant axial and confining pressure conditions, with the increase of gas injection pressure, the permeability of N
2
and CH
4
shows a "V"-shaped change trend, that is, "inflection point"; CO
2
permeability decreases with the increase of gas injection pressure. The permeability of coal core samples decreases with increasing temperature, caused by thermal expansion, decrease of gas absorption and increase of porosity. As the temperature rises, the decline gradually flattens. The permeability of coal core samples decreases with the increase of moisture content, related to moisture and gas competitive adsorption, coal porosity reduction. The permeability of high rank coal is lower than the medium rank coal under the same experimental conditions, caused by the pore structure of coal sample.
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