Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) is largely excreted by the human population through the urinary route and has been recognized as a potential viral marker for human waste contamination. This study aims to ...investigate the dissemination of JCPyV in waste water from a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to describe the prevalence of JCPyV subtypes currently present in this population. Raw and treated sewage samples were collected bimonthly during one year, and examined for the presence of JCPyV using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). JCPyV was detected by nPCR in 96% and 43% of raw and treated sewage samples, respectively. The concentration of JCPyV present in the samples ranged from 1.2x10(3) to 3.2x10(5) and 2.6x10(2) to 6.2x10(3) genome copies per 2 ml of concentrated raw and treated sewage sample, respectively. The strains were characterized and the obtained nucleotide sequences indicated that the detected JCPyV strains clustered with subtypes of East African, West African and European origin. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the incidence and diversity of JCPyV strains in raw and treated sewage in Brazil.
Summary
Background
Leptin concentrations increase throughout pregnancy but little is known about factors that influence this physiological change and whether they differ according to pregestational ...body mass index (BMI).
Objective
To assess whether longitudinal trends of leptin in pregnancy are influenced by biochemical, anthropometric and lifestyle factors in women with normal weight (NW), overweight (OW) or obese (OB) pregestational BMI.
Design and methods
Prospective cohort of 232 pregnant women followed at 5–13th, 20–26th and 30–36th gestational weeks. The effect of selected variables on longitudinal behaviour of plasma leptin concentrations, stratifying for NW (18·5–24·9 kg/m2), OW (25–29·9 kg/m2) and OB (≥30·0 kg/m2) pregestational BMI was assessed through longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models.
Results
The multiple regression model for women with NW revealed associations of maternal body weight (β = 0·714, CI = 0·491 to 0·937), serum HDL‐cholesterol (β = 0·239, CI =0·089 to 0·388) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (β = −0·138, CI = −0·272 to −0·004) with plasma leptin concentrations. Maternal body weight (β = −0·871, CI = 0·475 to 1·267) and serum HDL‐cholesterol concentrations (β = 0·315, CI = −0·022 to 0·651) were also associated with leptin in OW women. In OB women, serum HDL‐cholesterol (β = 0·722, CI = 0·219 to 1·226), maternal body weight (β = 0·666, CI = 0·187 to 1·145), triglycerides concentrations (β = −0·130, CI = −0·241 to −0·020) and dietary carbohydrate (β = 0·075, CI = 0·023 to 0·126) were significantly associated with plasma leptin.
Conclusion
Maternal body weight and serum concentrations of HDL‐cholesterol were associated with leptin changes independent of pregestational BMI. Serum CRP concentrations were associated with leptin only in NW women and serum triglycerides concentrations and dietary carbohydrate only in OB. These results indicate that factors that influence leptin concentrations differ according to pregestational BMI.
990 C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND LATER PREECLAMPSIA Rebelo, Fernanda; Schlussel, Michael Maia; Vaz, Juliana dos Santos ...
Journal of hypertension,
09/2012, Letnik:
30, Številka:
Supplement 1
Journal Article
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