Globally, depression is the most common psychiatric disorder and is frequently associated with somatic symptom disorders, including pain as a physical symptom. There is a current need to improve the ...detection and management of the individuals in which depression and pain coexist. Hence, the aim of this document is to provide recommendations in the diagnosis and management of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have pain as a physical symptom (PPS), in order to reduce the variability of clinical practice.
The methodology used is based on the internationally recognized RAND/UCLA consensus method. The scientific committee, consisted of a group of eight multidisciplinary experts, defined 12 clinically relevant questions. After the systematic review of the literature, the scientific committee assessed the evidence and developed recommendations. The panel group with 15 participants validated these recommendations using a single Delphi round. To conclude, there was a final consensus meeting held to redefine with minor modifications the final recommendations.
The scientific committee developed a total of 19 recommendations on the diagnosis and detection, impact of PPS in MDD, treatment of MDD with associated PPS, use of healthcare resources, additional recommendations, and care coordination of these patients. Globally, a substantial level of agreement (≥80%) was reached on all items during the Delphi round. All the 19 achieved consensus, seven of them (37%) were agreed with unanimity during the Delphi round. The recommendations with higher consensus were in relation to diagnosis, impact of PPS in MDD, treatment and use of healthcare resources.
Currently, the evidence base for patients with MDD and PPS is still being developed and this consensus statement aims to bridge that gap by providing practical recommendations.
The Sensory Organization Test of dynamic posturography allows a reliable assessment of the ability of any given patient to maintain a correct stability when conditions in the visual surrounding ...and/or support surface are deliberately modified. The results of this test can be analyzed according to the norms of the manufacturer of the device or through the application of specific formulae such as those by Cevette.
To evaluate if the Cevette formulae distinguish correctly between the normal and vestibular patterns, as well as observing the differences between these two groups of patients (normal and vestibular), obtained either through standardized calculation or by the Cevette formulae. The work has been restricted to patients diagnosed with unilateral Menière's disease who presented an active form of the disease and who had not suffered a recent crisis.
63 patients were studied who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. A clinical and instrumental audio-vestibular study was carried out. The results of the sensory organization test were analyzed according to the pattern offered by the device and through the application of the Cevette formulae.
In 63 patients the pattern obtained was normal or vestibular. In 41 the pattern obtained through one system of analysis or the other coincided but in 22 they did not. The analysis of patients using the Cevette formulae offers a higher capacity for clinical discrimination but is not sensitive to the bias introduced by age; however, combined with the classification offered by the device, it manages to differentiate two populations (normal and vestibular) with a very good audio-vestibular correlation.
The combined assessment of the results of the sensory organization test using both the equipment analysis and the Cevette formulae provides much better and real information of clinical differences amongst patients with Menière's disease when the result is normal or of vestibular deficiency.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las características psicométricas de la adaptación para población española del Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI, Davis, 1980), un instrumento ...que evalúa la empatía disposicional en adultos. La escala fue administrada a una muestra de padres y madres de la población general (N = 692), y dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios (N = 1.997 y N = 515). Los resultados muestran que la versión española del IRI posee características psicométricas similares a las de la versión original y permiten concluir que la versión en español del IRI es adecuada para ser utilizada en España en la investigación sobre empatía. Spanish adaptation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The objective of the present study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Spanish version. The scale was administered to one sample of parents (N = 692) and to two samples of college students (N = 1997 and N = 515). Results showed that the Spanish version of the IRI has psychometric properties similar to those of the original version and lead to conclude that the IRI Spanish version is an adequate instrument to be used in Spain as a measure of empathy.
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