Human
β
3 adrenergic receptor agonists containing 5-membered ring ureas were shown to be potent partial agonists with excellent selectivity over
β
1 and
β
2 binding. L-760,087 (
4a) and L-764,646 (
...5a) (
β
3EC
50 = 18 and 14 nM, respectively) stimulate lipolysis in rhesus monkeys (ED
50 = 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively) with minimal effects on heart rate. Oral absorption in dogs is improved over other urea analogs.
Human β AR agonists L-760,087 (
4a) and L-764,646 (
5a) (β EC
50 = 18 and 14nM) stimulate lipolysis in rhesus monkeys (ED
50 = 0.2
and 0.1 mg/kg) with minimal effects on heart rate. Oral absorption in dogs is improved over other urea analogs.
To uniformly determine the properties of supernova remnants (SNRs) at high energies, we have developed the first systematic survey at energies from 1 to 100 GeV using data from the Fermi Large Area ...Telescope. Based on the spatial overlap of sources detected at GeV energies with SNRs known from radio surveys, we classify 30 sources as likely GeV SNRs. We also report 14 marginal associations and 245 flux upper limits. A mock catalog in which the positions of known remnants are scrambled in Galactic longitude, allows us to determine an upper limit of 22% on the number of GeV candidates falsely identified as SNRs. We have also developed a method to estimate spectral and spatial systematic errors arising from the diffuse interstellar emission model, a key component of all Galactic Fermi LAT analyses. By studying remnants uniformly in aggregate, we measure the GeV properties common to these objects and provide a crucial context for the detailed modeling of individual SNRs. Combining our GeV results with multiwavelength (MW) data, including radio, X-ray, and TeV, demonstrates the need for improvements to previously sufficient, simple models describing the GeV and radio emission from these objects. We model the GeV and MW emission from SNRs in aggregate to constrain their maximal contribution to observed Galactic cosmic rays.
New capabilities for simulating a tracked vehicle are presented, including an advanced dynamic track model, a high-fidelity diesel engine system model, and an integration scheme to perform a coupled ...simulation of vehicle/powertrain dynamics. These capabilities are essential for understanding the interplay of vehicle dynamics and powertrain dynamics, including track vibration (and durability). Suspension response and engine performance. The dynamic track model considers the track as an equivalent continuum and captures longitudinal and transverse track vibrations, static sag, and superposed translation. A low-order discrete model is developed by employing modal track coordinates. The continuum approximation for the track is validated through experiments on a representative track span. This track model is extended and implemented into a commercial multibody dynamics code-DADS-through development of a new user-support-force element that integrates the track element with the vehicle hull and suspension system. A range of dynamic track models results that allows one to tailor the degrees of freedom to a selected frequency range of interest in order to balance computational cost and accuracy. A virtual diesel engine model is developed as a tool to investigate the possible replacement of the current gas turbine engine used in the MI Abrams tank. This study demonstrates the power of this simulation tool for evaluating new vehicle concepts prior to prototyping and manufacturing. The engine model is developed within the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Therefore, the integrated vchicle/powertrain model requires the coordination of two coupled models that reside in distinct simulation environments. To achieve this integration, a new numerical method-referred to as the leading-following approach-is developed, based on an explicit predictor-corrector scheme. This approach allows independent simulation environments to be coupled, offers easy extension to multiple applications, promotes efficient simulations, and requires only simple implementations of the software interfaces compared to the conventional master-slave integration approach. Numerical examples are reviewed in the paper, to highlight capabilities of the fully integrated simulation of a diesel-powered MI tank.
Commercial scaling of electronic integrated circuits has proceeded at a fast pace once the initial hurdle to integration was overcome. Recently, it has been shown that record active and passive ...optical device counts, exceeding 50 discrete components, can be incorporated onto a single monolithic 100 Gbps DWDM transmitter PIC InP chip. We will investigate key production metrics for this large-scale PIC commercial device as well as other analogs to other III-V semiconductor commercial devices. Using the yield management tools pioneered by silicon based electronics, we will present data supporting their scalability and the manufacturability of these large-scale PICs
Manufacturing statistics are presented for 100 Gb/s transmitter and receiver large-scale photonic integrated circuits (LS-PICs). The data demonstrate the feasibility of the cost-effective deployment ...and volume manufacturing of these devices
100 Gb/s transmitters and receivers are realized through the monolithic integration of over 50 discrete functions onto a single InP chip. The modules are capable of simultaneously transmitting and ...receiving 10 DWDM wavelengths at >10 Gb/s.
Four monolithically integrated LS-PICs, each consisting often channels operating at 11.1 Gb/s, for an aggregate rate >400 Gbit/s, have been operated over long distance transmission systems. ...Performance data of the PICs and system will be presented.
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