The aims of this study were to investigate whether and how teachers' perceptions of social-emotional learning and climate in their schools influenced three outcome variables-teachers' sense of ...stress, teaching efficacy, and job satisfaction-and to examine the interrelationships among the three outcome variables. Along with sense of job satisfaction and teaching efficacy, two types of stress (workload and student behavior stress) were examined. The sample included 664 elementary and secondary school teachers from British Columbia and Ontario, Canada. Participants completed an online questionnaire about the teacher outcomes, perceived school climate, and beliefs about social-emotional learning (SEL). Structural equation modeling was used to examine an explanatory model of the variables. Of the 2 SEL beliefs examined, teachers' comfort in implementing SEL had the most powerful impact. Of the 4 school climate factors examined, teachers' perceptions of students' motivation and behavior had the most powerful impact. Both of these variables significantly predicted sense of stress, teaching efficacy, and job satisfaction among the participants. Among the outcome variables, perceived stress related to students' behavior was negatively associated with sense of teaching efficacy. In addition, perceived stress related to workload and sense of teaching efficacy were directly related to sense of job satisfaction. Greater detail about these and other key findings, as well as implications for research and practice, are discussed.
This integrative review aims to render a systematic account of the role that teachers’ psychological characteristics, such as their motivation and personality, play for critical outcomes in terms of ...teacher effectiveness, teachers’ well-being, retention, and positive interpersonal relations with multiple stakeholders (e.g., students, parents, principals, colleagues). We first summarize and evaluate the available evidence on relations between psychological characteristics and these outcomes derived in existing research syntheses (meta-analyses, systematic reviews). We then discuss implications of the findings regarding the eight identified psychological characteristics—self-efficacy, causal attributions, expectations, personality, enthusiasm, emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and mindfulness—for research and educational practice. In terms of practical recommendations, we focus on teacher selection and the design of future professional development activities as areas that particularly profit from a profound understanding of the relative importance of different psychological teacher characteristics in facilitating adaptive outcomes.
Using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework, we explored the relationship between the satisfaction of teachers' basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence and their ...self-reported levels of teaching-related engagement, emotions, and emotional exhaustion. In particular, we tested a 2-component model of teachers' need for relatedness, with representation of the need for relatedness with students and the need for relatedness with colleagues. One thousand and forty-nine teachers participated in 3 studies. In Study 1 (n = 409), we tested a model that examined how perceptions of autonomy support are associated with teachers' relatedness with colleagues and students and how relatedness subsequently predicts teaching engagement and emotional exhaustion. In Study 2 (n = 455), we tested a full SDT model, hypothesizing that perceptions of autonomy support lead to satisfaction of teachers' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness with colleagues and students, which in turn lead to teachers' engagement and expression of emotions (anxiety, anger, and enjoyment). In Study 3 (n = 185), we used scenarios to test participants' beliefs about 2 hypothesized teachers, 1 with high student and low peer relatedness and the other with low student and high peer relatedness. Results from the 3 studies consistently emphasize the finding that for teachers, satisfaction of the need for relatedness with students leads to higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, and lower levels of negative emotions, than does satisfaction of the need for relatedness with peers.
Research in educational and developmental psychology offers evidence that children are developing basic capacities (i.e., executive functions) for self-regulating long before they receive formal ...instruction in school. Importantly, the evidence indicates self-regulation is a strong predictor of outcomes in early childhood and across the lifespan. This comment considers contributions from four studies published in the special issue of
Metacognition and Learning
, titled “Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation in Early Childhood: Development, Assessment and Supporting Factors.” The studies reveal 2–3-year-old children’s spontaneous use of strategies to support success on delay tasks and individual differences in 5–7-year-old children’s ability beliefs and goal orientations. They also signal important differences in parents’ scaffolding/co-regulation of children’s self-regulation. All studies point to the particular importance of attending to developmental trajectories of children judged “at risk” in their development of self-regulation and supporting parents to develop strategies for co-regulating children in the context of challenging tasks. Considerations for future research are raised.
The purpose of the current study was to provide a greater depth of knowledge about teachers' psychological functioning at work-including the contextual, basic psychological need satisfaction and ...personal factors relevant to this. We examined the extent to which perceived autonomy support predicts basic psychological need satisfaction and, in turn, whether need satisfaction predicts teachers' perceptions of well-being, motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Participants were 485 Canadian school teachers (76% female) who completed an online questionnaire. After confirming the measurement model with factor analysis, the hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings indicated that perceived autonomy support positively predicted need satisfaction, and, in turn, need satisfaction predicted the work-related perceptions. Of particular importance were the differing roles played by the basic psychological needs in predicting each of the work-related perceptions. Additional analyses revealed that well-being and motivation played key mediating roles in how need satisfaction was associated with job satisfaction (but less so with commitment) and that teachers' personal characteristics played minor moderating roles in influencing how teachers' workplace beliefs and perceptions were associated. Together, the study's findings enable a greater depth of understanding about teachers' psychological functioning at work, which is important for healthy teachers and effective teaching and learning.
This study examined the psychometric properties of the Teacher Well-Being Scale, which assesses three factors of teachers' work-related well-being: workload, organisational, and student interaction ...well-being. With a sample of Canadian teachers, results confirmed the reliability, approximate normality, and factor structure of the scale; provided support for a higher order factor of teacher well-being; showed the instrument functioned similarly across different sociodemographic subgroups; and demonstrated the well-being factors were related as expected with external constructs of teacher stress, job satisfaction, and general well-being. Combined, these analyses provide support for the use of the instrument as an assessment of teacher well-being and evidence of the importance of teacher well-being for other teacher outcomes. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Author abstract
A Longitudinal Analysis of Achievement Goals Daniels, Lia M; Stupnisky, Robert H; Pekrun, Reinhard ...
Journal of educational psychology,
11/2009, Letnik:
101, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Affect and emotions are frequently seen as outcomes of mastery and performance goals, but affective experiences may also predict goal adoption. In a predictive study (
N
= 669 first-year college ...students), the authors used structural equation modeling to estimate relationships from 2 initial affective experiences to mastery and performance-approach goals, from goals to discrete emotions, and from discrete emotions to final grades in a university course while controlling for prior achievement. Representing initial affective experiences, hopefulness positively predicted mastery and performance goals, whereas helplessness negatively predicted mastery goals. Mastery goals positively predicted enjoyment, which in turn positively predicted achievement, and negatively predicted boredom, which in turn negatively predicted achievement. Anxiety was negatively predicted by mastery goals, positively predicted by performance goals, and exerted a negative predictive influence on achievement. The findings suggest that predictive relationships between goals and achievement are mediated by students' emotions. Results are discussed with regard to the importance of affect and emotions for achievement goal theory.
We propose the Framework for Cultivating Teacher Thriving, which identifies the important role that teachers' social-emotional competence (SEC) plays in helping them to thrive at work (and beyond). ...The framework operationalises SEC by way of teachers' basic psychological need satisfaction (a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness), autonomous motivation, and behaviours as relevant to the social and emotional domains. The three components form an iterative process of social and emotional competence development. The components of SEC are promoted by supportive work environments and, in turn, promote and are promoted by teacher thriving at work (e.g. job satisfaction, organisational commitment). The relationships identified in the framework are situated within different contexts, which influence and are influenced by individual differences among teachers (e.g. recent experiences of adversity). After introducing the model, our focus turns to professional learning as a means for helping teachers further develop their SEC and thriving at work. Author abstract
The core purpose of Youth-Initiated Mentoring (YIM) is to adopt a more collaborative approach to mentoring by inviting youth to nominate and select their own mentors. This article performs a scoping ...review of research on YIM to identify common methodologies and emerging evidence from available studies. Six online research databases were used to identify peer-reviewed academic articles published in English. No date restrictions were applied. In total, nine peer-reviewed articles were identified and reviewed. The main findings from these studies indicate that collaborating with youth during the mentor nomination process offers several benefits to youth in mentoring relationships. Based on the knowledge gained from this scoping review, a secondary purpose of this article is to encourage researchers to adopt a more participatory approach to their future investigations of YIM. Despite YIM’s recent exploration into more collaborative approaches to practice, the model has yet to fully embrace more collaborative approaches to research. To address this limitation, this article begins a productive dialogue between YIM and Community-Based Participatory Research. Specifically, this article reviews four of the principles within Community-Based Participatory Research and surfaces helpful strategies that researchers can use to begin celebrating the local knowledge and expertise of youth and their communities.
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