The digital transformation of the AEC industry through BIM has improved productivity during detailed design and construction planning phases. Early design choices influence a project's success but ...have yet to benefit from BIM-based approaches. This paper investigates the feasibility and acceptance of employing Generative Design (GD) to optimize early Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) designs in residential real estate for space efficiency. Interviews indicate the main issue is acceptance due to the belief that a GD approach needs to be more robust. BIM is integrated with GD, utilizing the architectural layout (IFC) as input to generate design variants tailored to minimize technical space while ensuring installation feasibility. Robustness is assessed via Monte Carlo Simulation, revealing an estimated success rate of 99% (81% with 95% confidence). These results quantify the robustness of the approach, paving the way to broader acceptance of GD in the early phases of AEC projects.
•Optimized technical spaces in early-stage residential building projects.•Generative Design in BIM using a tuned Genetic Algorithm for optimization.•Identified algorithmic robustness as crucial for acceptance of Generative Design.•Generated multiple acceptable designs representing the Pareto Front in optimization.•Genetic Algorithm robustness proved with 99% success via Monte Carlo Simulation.
Relatório Final Jardim, Hugo Edgar Pestana
01/2017
Dissertation
O presente relatório tem como finalidade descrever, de forma sucinta, as actividades desenvolvidas na Unidade Curricular (UC) Estágio Profissionalizante, inserida no 6º ano do Mestrado Integrado em ...Medicina (MIM) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, que decorreu entre 12 de Setembro de 2016 a 19 de Maio de 2017. Decorre ainda deste relatório a oportunidade de apresentar um posicionamento crítico, inerente ao cumprimento dos objectivos específicos dos estágios e das minhas próprias expectativas. Como tal, encontra-se dividido em 2 partes, descrição das Actividades Desenvolvidas e Reflexão Crítica final.A UC Estágio Profissionalizante contemplou a realização de estágios nas seguintes especialidades médicas e cirúrgicas: Cirurgia Geral, Medicina Interna, Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Saúde Mental, Medicina Geral e Familiar e Pediatria. Procurarei numa primeira instância, nas Atividades Desenvolvidas, expôr os objectivos propostos e expectativas do conjunto dos estágios, com narração por ordem cronológica a posteriori das particulares vivenciadas em cada um dos mesmos. Saliento que pela qualidade e consequente importância como complemento formativo da UC Opcional Estágio Clínico, considero relevante ser abordada.A Reflexão Crítica tem como intuito fazer um balanço das oportunidades de aprendizagem que me foram facultadas e das experiências e conhecimentos que adquiri, confrontando os pontos positivos e os pontos negativos. Pretendo também fazer uma apreciação geral do meu percurso nesta instituição, e da influência que teve e tem no médico em que me estou a tornar, bem como dos meus objectivos futuros.Em anexo coloco os certificados das actividades extra-curriculares realizadas neste ano lectivo, bem como das actividades de maior pertinência em anos anteriores.
O presente projeto foi elaborado no âmbito da disciplina de Dissertação do 5.º ano doMestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica, opção de Energia Térmica, da Faculdade deEngenharia da Universidade do ...Porto - FEUP. O projeto foi realizado em ambienteempresarial através da parceria entre as empresas Efacec e Rodrigues Gomes & Associadoseteve como principal objetivo a simulação dinâmica detalhada do comportamento térmicorecorrendo ao Software TRACE700 do Centro de Reabilitação do Norte (CRN) situado emValadares, cuja inauguração está prevista para julho de 2012.A modelação de um Edifício, num Software de simulação dinâmica, exige uma caracterizaçãodos elementos da envolvente, assim como uma perfeita compreensão do seu funcionamentoao nível dos sistemas de climatização, iluminação, equipamentos e ocupação. Deste modo, emprimeiro lugar foi necessário realizar um levantamento tridimensional no Software Revit MEP2012. Em segundo, importou-se o modelo para o Software TRACE700 onde se definiram asrestantes características já mencionadas.Numa primeira fase o modelo foi simulado de acordo com os dados nominais de utilização(caudais de ar novo e perfis de utilização) presentes no Regulamento dos SistemasEnergéticos de Climatização em Edifícios (RSECE). A partir deste modelo obteve-se umÍndice de Eficiência Energético (IEE) de 22.01 kgep/m2.ano, a classe A de desempenhoenergético e uma emissão anual de 627.4 toneladas de CO2.Em segundo, foi efetuada uma previsão dos parâmetros de funcionamento com o intuito deavaliar a contribuição dos diversos elementos na fatura energética da unidade hospitalar, bemcomo realizar uma previsão dos custos energéticos inerentes à mesma.Por último, foram analisadas alternativas às soluções passivas e ativas presentes no CRN,tendo em conta o custo de investimento da sua aplicação e o respetivo período de retorno.Como alternativas passivas foi avaliado o impacto da espessura do isolamento, e asubstituição dos envidraçados presentes por outros, com características térmicas distintas. Daanálise deste tipo de alternativas não foram obtidas melhorias para a eficiência energética doCRN, pelo que se concluiu que a envolvente construtiva instalada é adequada ao tipo deEdifício e à sua localização.No campo das alternativas ativas, foi analisada a implementação de sensores de luz natural - dimmers , superfícies radiantes, chillerscom aproveitamento geotérmico, caldeiras a biomassae a adoção da técnica de arrefecimento gratuito. Todas as alternativas analisadas apresentaramuma redução nos custos energéticos.Da simulação dinâmica que incluiu em simultâneo todas as alternativas mencionadas, o CRNapresentou uma redução de 20% dos seus consumos, um IEE de 19.05 kgep/m2.ano quecorresponde a uma emissão de 524.2 toneladas de CO2 por ano, e a uma classificaçãoenergética A+.
Estágio realizado na Efacec e orientado pelo Eng. Octávio Lourenço
Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Mecânica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012
The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the ...north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 (“below-average” IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food’s tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO’s criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11−2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.
Cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements (ETEs) and important cofactors for intermediary metabolism or redox balance. These ETEs are ...crucial during pregnancy, their role on specific pregnancy outcomes is largely unknown. This prospective study (#NCT04010708) aimed to assess urinary levels of these ETEs in pregnancy and to evaluate their association with pregnancy outcomes. First trimester pregnant women of Porto and Lisbon provided a random spot urine sample, and sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Clinical data were obtained from clinical records. Urinary ETEs were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 635 mother:child pairs were included. Having urinary Zn levels above the 50th percentile (P50) was an independent risk factor for pre-eclampsia (PE) (aOR 95% CI: 5.350 1.044–27.423, p = 0.044). Urinary Zn levels above the P50 decreased the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) birth head circumference (aOR 95% CI: 0.315 0.113–0.883, p = 0.028), but it increased the risk SGA length (aOR 95% CI: 2.531 1.057–6.062, p = 0.037). This study may provide valuable information for public health policies related to prenatal nutrition, while informing future efforts to de-fine urinary reference intervals for ETEs in pregnant women.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between serum free light chains (sFLC) quantification and the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative ...disorder (PTLD), using serum samples from a nested case-control cohort of patients with renal transplant. Ten new cases of PTLD and 46 controls were enrolled. Additional comparison groups consisted of five human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, five with untreated Hodgkin lymphoma and six normal individuals. Serum κ and λ FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry and compared with reference ranges (normal and renal ranges). κ and/or λ were above the normal range in 90% of cases and in 65% of matched controls. There was no statistically significant difference between all groups, except for λ FLC concentrations between cases of PTLD and normal individuals (p = 0.016). The κ/λ sFLC ratios of cases and controls were within the renal range and normal range. Our results suggest that sFLC are not useful to predict PTLD development in renal transplant recipients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lack of knowledge about iodine has been suggested as a risk factor for iodine deficiency in pregnant women, but no studies have addressed this issue in Portugal. So, the aim of this study was to ...investigate iodine knowledge among Portuguese pregnant women and its association with iodine status. IoMum, a prospective observational study, included 485 pregnant women recruited at Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João, Porto, between the 10th and 13th gestational weeks. Partial scores for knowledge on iodine importance, on iodine food sources or on iodised salt were obtained through the application of a structured questionnaire. Then, a total iodine knowledge score was calculated and grouped into low, medium and high knowledge categories. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured in spot urine samples by inductively coupled plasma MS. Of the pregnant women, 54 % correctly recognised iodine as important to neurocognitive development, 32 % were unable to identify any iodine-rich food and 71 % presented lack of knowledge regarding iodised salt. Of the women, 61 % had a medium total score of iodine knowledge. Knowledge on iodine importance during pregnancy was positively associated with iodine supplementation and also with UIC. Nevertheless, median UIC in women who correctly recognised the importance of iodine was below the cut-off for adequacy in pregnancy (150 µg/l). In conclusion, knowledge on iodine importance is positively associated with iodine status. Despite this, recognising iodine importance during pregnancy may not be sufficient to ensure iodine adequacy. Literacy-promoting actions are urgently needed to improve iodine status in pregnancy.
The role of milk and dairy products in supplying iodine to pregnant women is unknown in Portugal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between milk and dairy product consumption and ...the iodine status of pregnant women in the IoMum cohort of the Oporto region. Pregnant women were recruited between 10 and 13 weeks of gestation, when they provided a spot urine sample and information on lifestyle and intake of iodine-rich foods. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined by inductively coupled plasma MS. A total of 468 pregnant women (269 iodine supplement users and 199 non-supplement users) were considered eligible for analysis. Milk (but not yogurt or cheese) intake was positively associated with UIC, in the whole population (P = 0·02) and in the non-supplement users (P = 0·002), but not in the supplement users (P = 0·29). In non-supplement users, adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that milk consumption <3 times/month was associated with a five times increased risk of having UIC < 50 µg/l when compared with milk consumption ≥2 times/d (OR 5·4; 95 % CI 1·55, 18·78; P = 0·008). The highest UIC was observed in supplement users who reported consuming milk once per d (160 µg/l). Milk, but not yogurt or cheese, was positively associated with iodine status of pregnant women. Despite the observed positive association, daily milk consumption may not be sufficient to ensure adequate iodine intake in this population.
