The ‘KASCADE Cosmic ray Data Centre’ is a web portal (
https://kcdc.ikp.kit.edu
), where the data of the astroparticle physics experiment KASCADE-Grande are made available for the interested public. ...The KASCADE experiment was a large-area detector for the measurement of high-energy cosmic rays via the detection of extensive air showers. The multi-detector installations KASCADE and its extension KASCADE-Grande stopped the active data acquisition in 2013 after more than 20 years of data taking. In several updates since our first release in 2013 with KCDC we provide the public measured and reconstructed parameters of more than 433 million air showers. In addition, KCDC provides meta data information and documentation to enable a user outside the community of experts to perform their own data analysis. Simulation data from three different high energy interaction models have been made available as well as a compilation of measured and published spectra from various experiments. In addition, detailed educational examples shall encourage high-school students and early stage researchers to learn about astroparticle physics, cosmic radiation as well as the handling of Big Data and about the sustainable and public provision of scientific data.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A composition analysis of KASCADE air shower data is performed by means of unfolding the two-dimensional frequency spectrum of electron and muon numbers. Aim of the analysis is the determination of ...energy spectra for elemental groups representing the chemical composition of primary cosmic rays. Since such an analysis depends crucially on simulations of air showers the two different hadronic interaction models QGSJet and SIBYLL are used for their generation. The resulting primary energy spectra show that the knee in the all particle spectrum is due to a steepening of the spectra of light elements but, also, that neither of the two simulation sets is able to describe the measured data consistently over the whole energy range with discrepancies appearing in different energy regions.
The physical aspects of three glaciers from Passage Canal have been identified by field research, satellite images, and Geographic Information System. The main objective of this study is to determine ...the melting area and to calculate the withdrawal rate of Billings, Learnard, and Whittier glaciers. The satellite images from Landsat sensors (1985, 1994, 1999, 2006, 2011, and 2013) helped us to remote sensing observations. To assess the retreat of glaciers, new layers with glaciers' limits reasoning on sixth time-comparable satellite images were created and used for quantitative analysis. The results show that the area of glaciers from Passage Canal was reduced during 1985-2013: Billings Glacier decreased by 2.334 km super(2), Learnard Glacier decreased by 0.726 km super(2) and, Whittier Glacier decreased by 1.836 km super(2). Spatial Analyst Tools was used to determinate the Euclidean Distance of Billings Glacier, Learnard, and Whittier glaciers to Passage Canal. The first set of results obtained indicates that movement of glaciers is active and retired. An average ratio of melting area were determined for the period from 1985 to 2013: Billings Glacier was 0.08 km super(2)/year, Learnard Glacier was 0.02 km super(2)/year, and Whittier Glacier was 0.06 km super(2)/year. These results indicates that retreat of glaciers is slow, but constant.
In this article we prove the backward uniqueness (as well as the uniqueness) for a class, defined in the article, of solutions of the two-dimensional primitive equations that we call
z-weak ...solutions. We also prove the backward uniqueness for the strong solutions in the two- and three-dimensional cases. By backward uniqueness we understand that once we know that two solutions are equal at a time
t
>
0
, then we can conclude that they are equal everywhere on the interval
(
0
,
t
)
.
On considère les équations primitives en dimension deux et trois d'espace et on étudie l'unicité rétrograde des solutions. Pour l'unicité rétrograde on démontre que si deux solutions coincident à un instant
t
>
0
, alors elles sont égales sur tout l'intervalle
(
0
,
t
)
. Pour le système 2D, on montre l'unicité rétrograde des solutions
z-faibles. On montre aussi l'unicité rétrograde des solutions fortes pour le cas 2D et 3D.
We have determined the surface hydride composition of amorphous and crystalline Si nanoparticles (NPs) (3–5 nm) synthesized in a low-temperature SiH4/Ar plasma using in situ attenuated total ...reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and H2 thermal effusion measurements. With increasing power to the plasma source, the particles transition from amorphous to crystalline with a corresponding increase in the fraction of SiH species on the surface. The surface hydride composition indicates that Si NPs synthesized at higher plasma powers crystallize in the gas-phase due to a greater degree of plasma-induced heating, which enhances the desorption rates for SiH2 and SiH3. Furthermore, these Si NPs do not contain any detectable H in the bulk.
The cosmic-ray experiment KASCADE Antoni, T; Apel, W.D; Badea, F ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2003, Letnik:
513, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
KASCADE has been designed to measure air showers of primary cosmic-ray energies in the PeV region and to investigate the
knee phenomenon in the all-particle energy spectrum. Several observations are ...measured simultaneously for each event by different detector systems. The experiment started to take data in 1996 and has been completed and extended since then. The individual detector systems and their performances are described. Also, the experience in long-term operation of the experiment and the interplay between different components is outlined.
The KASCADE experiment measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays in the energy range around the so-called knee. The data of KASCADE have been used in a composition analysis showing the ...knee at 3–5
PeV to be caused by a steepening in the light-element spectra T. Antoni et al., (KASCADE Coll.), Astropart. Phys. 24 (2005) 1–25. Since the applied unfolding analysis depends crucially on simulations of air showers, different high-energy hadronic interaction models (QGSJet and SIBYLL) were used. The results have shown a strong dependence of the relative abundance of the individual mass groups on the underlying model. In this update of the analysis we apply the unfolding method with a different low energy interaction model (FLUKA instead of GHEISHA) in the simulations. While the resulting individual mass group spectra do not change significantly, the overall description of the measured data improves by using the FLUKA model. In addition data in a larger range of zenith angle are analysed. The new results are completely consistent, i.e. there is no hint to any severe problem in applying the unfolding analysis method to KASCADE data.
Using data measured by the KASCADE-Grande air shower array, an upper limit to the flux of ultra-high energy gamma-rays in the primary cosmic-ray flux is determined. KASCADE-Grande measures the ...electromagnetic and muonic components for individual air showers in the energy range from 10 PeV up to 1 EeV. The analysis is performed by selecting air showers with low muon contents. A preliminary result on the 90% C.L. upper limit to the relative intensity of gamma-ray with respect to cosmic ray primaries is presented and compared with limits reported by other measurements.
Kinin B1 and B2 receptor (R) gene expression (mRNA) is increased in the sensory system after peripheral nerve injury. This study measured the densities of B1R and B2R binding sites in the spinal cord ...and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by quantitative autoradiography, and evaluated the effects of two selective non-peptide antagonists at B1R (LF22-0542) and B2R (LF16-0687) on pain behavior after partial ligation of the left sciatic nerve. Increases of B1R binding sites were seen in superficial laminae of the ipsi- and contralateral spinal cord at 2 and 14 days while B2R binding sites were increased on the ipsilateral side at 2 days and on both sides at 14 days. In DRG, B1R and B2R binding sites were significantly increased at 2 days (ipsilateral) and 14 days on both sides. Whereas tactile allodynia started to develop progressively from 2 to 25 days post-ligation, the occurrence of cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia became significant from day 8 and day 14 post-ligation, respectively. At day 21 after sciatic nerve ligation, thermal hyperalgesia was blocked by LF22-0542 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and LF16-0687 (3 mg/kg, s.c.), yet both antagonists had no effect on tactile and cold allodynia. Data highlight the implication of both kinin receptors in thermal hyperalgesia but not in tactile and cold allodynia associated with peripheral nerve injury. Hence LF22-0542 and LF16-0687 present therapeutic potential for the treatment of some aspects of neuropathic pain.
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