This book shows how cosmopolitan Christian converts and East African patriots struggled to define political community in the mid-twentieth century. Derek Peterson traces the history of the East ...African Revival, an evangelical movement that challenged patriots' effort to root people in place as inheritors of a cultural heritage.
The abolition of the slave trade is normally understood to be the singular achievement of eighteenth-century British liberalism. Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic ...expands both the temporal and the geographic framework in which the history of abolitionism is conceived. Abolitionism was a theater in which a variety of actors—slaves, African rulers, Caribbean planters, working-class radicals, British evangelicals, African political entrepreneurs—played a part. The Atlantic was an echo chamber, in which abolitionist symbols, ideas, and evidence were generated from a variety of vantage points. These essays highlight the range of political and moral projects in which the advocates of abolitionism were engaged, and in so doing it joins together geographies that are normally studied in isolation. Where empires are often understood to involve the government of one people over another, Abolitionism and Imperialism shows that British values were formed, debated, and remade in the space of empire. Africans were not simply objects of British liberals' benevolence. They played an active role in shaping, and extending, the values that Britain now regards as part of its national character. This book is therefore a contribution to the larger scholarship about the nature of modern empires. Contributors: Christopher Leslie Brown, Seymour Drescher, Jonathon Glassman, Boyd Hilton, Robin Law, Phillip D. Morgan, Derek R. Peterson, John K. Thornton
Summary
Microbial conversion offers a promising strategy for overcoming the intrinsic heterogeneity of the plant biopolymer, lignin. Soil microbes that natively harbour aromatic‐catabolic pathways ...are natural choices for chassis strains, and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has emerged as a viable whole‐cell biocatalyst for funnelling lignin‐derived compounds to value‐added products, including its native carbon storage product, medium‐chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl‐PHA). In this work, a series of metabolic engineering targets to improve mcl‐PHA production are combined in the P. putida chromosome and evaluated in strains growing in a model aromatic compound, p‐coumaric acid, and in lignin streams. Specifically, the PHA depolymerase gene phaZ was knocked out, and the genes involved in β‐oxidation (fadBA1 and fadBA2) were deleted. Additionally, to increase carbon flux into mcl‐PHA biosynthesis, phaG, alkK, phaC1 and phaC2 were overexpressed. The best performing strain – which contains all the genetic modifications detailed above – demonstrated a 53% and 200% increase in mcl‐PHA titre (g l−1) and a 20% and 100% increase in yield (g mcl‐PHA per g cell dry weight) from p‐coumaric acid and lignin, respectively, compared with the wild type strain. Overall, these results present a promising strain to be employed in further process development for enhancing mcl‐PHA production from aromatic compounds and lignin.
In this work, a series of metabolic engineering targets to improve mcl‐PHA production were combined in the P. putida chromosome and evaluated in strains growing in a model aromatic compound, p‐coumaric acid, and in lignin streams. Specifically, the PHA depolymerase gene (phaZ) and genes involved in β‐oxidation (fadBA1 and fadBA2) were deleted, while phaG, alkK, phaC1, and phaC2 were overexpressed to increase carbon flux from fatty acid biosynthesis to mcl‐PHA production. This strain demonstrated an increase in mcl‐PHA titer (g l−1) and yield (g mcl‐PHA per g cell dry weight) from p‐coumaric acid and from lignin compared to the wild‐type strain, resulting in a promising strain to be employed in further process development for enhancing mcl‐PHA production from aromatic compounds and lignin.
Under Idi Amin's government, institutions that served the public interest were dramatically under-resourced. An array of self-nominated, self-important, self-righteous people were empowered to take ...on administrative tasks that, in an earlier dispensation, had been the work of professionals. Businesses and institutions that had formerly been under the regulatory authority of credentialled experts were thrown open all at once for commoners to operate. Everywhere there were campaigns, as the new regime made obscure and technical issues into urgent problems demanding a resolution. Ugandans were called upon to defend cultures, to struggle against imperialism and racism, and to transform the architecture of the economy. That is how people came to see themselves as proprietors of public life. Their work allowed commoners to claim equity over resources and infrastructures. In their investments in the operations of public institutions, people became custodians, proprietors and petty authoritarians. Their proprietary sense of responsibility was a powerful inducement to self-sacrifice. It was also the fuel for demagoguery.
Heritage work has had a uniquely wide currency in Africa's politics. Secure within the pages of books, encoded in legal statutes, encased in glass display cases and enacted in the panoply of court ...ritual, the artefacts produced by the heritage domain have become a resource for government administration, a library for traditionalists and a marketable source of value for cultural entrepreneurs. The Politics of Heritage in Africa draws together disparate fields of study - history, archaeology, linguistics, the performing arts and cinema - to show how the lifeways of the past were made into capital, a store of authentic knowledge that political and cultural entrepreneurs could draw from. This book shows African heritage to be a mode of political organisation, a means by which the relics of the past are shored up, reconstructed and revalued as commodities, as tradition, as morality or as patrimony.
Harnessing modern parallel computing resources to achieve complex multiphysics simulations is a daunting task. The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) aims to enable such ...development by providing simplified interfaces for specification of partial differential equations, boundary conditions, material properties, and all aspects of a simulation without the need to consider the parallel, adaptive, nonlinear, finite element solve that is handled internally. Through the use of interfaces and inheritance, each portion of a simulation becomes reusable and composable in a manner that allows disparate research groups to share code and create an ecosystem of growing capability that lowers the barrier for the creation of multiphysics simulation codes. Included within the framework is a unique capability for building multiscale, multiphysics simulations through simultaneous execution of multiple sub-applications with data transfers between the scales. Other capabilities include automatic differentiation, scaling to a large number of processors, hybrid parallelism, and mesh adaptivity. To date, MOOSE-based applications have been created in areas of science and engineering such as nuclear physics, geothermal science, magneto-hydrodynamics, seismic events, compressible and incompressible fluid flow, microstructure evolution, and advanced manufacturing processes.
•We describe recent “MultiApp” and “Transfer” technologies in the MOOSE framework.•Neutronics, fuel performance, thermal fluids, and mesoscale phenomena are simulated.•Results presented for 3D ...KAIST-3A benchmark and AP1000 reactor geometries.•CRUD Induced Power Shift phenomenon observed in simulation with 3432 fuel rods.•Fuel shuffle capability demonstrated across 41448 fuel rods in 157 assemblies.
Numerical simulation of nuclear reactors is a key technology in the quest for improvements in efficiency, safety, and reliability of both existing and future reactor designs. Historically, simulation of an entire reactor was accomplished by linking together multiple existing codes that each simulated a subset of the relevant multiphysics phenomena. Recent advances in the MOOSE (Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment) framework have enabled a new approach: multiple domain-specific applications, all built on the same software framework, are efficiently linked to create a cohesive application. This is accomplished with a flexible coupling capability that allows for a variety of different data exchanges to occur simultaneously on high performance parallel computational hardware. Examples based on the KAIST-3A benchmark core, as well as a simplified Westinghouse AP-1000 configuration, demonstrate the power of this new framework for tackling—in a coupled, multiscale manner—crucial reactor phenomena such as CRUD-induced power shift and fuel shuffle.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after repair of type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) has been shown to affect both short- and long-term outcomes. This study aimed to validate the impact of postoperative ...AKI on in-hospital and long-term outcomes in a large population of dissection patients presenting to multinational aortic centers. Additionally, we assessed risk factors for AKI including surgical details.
Patients undergoing surgical repair for TAAAD enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection database were evaluated to determine the incidence and risk factors for the development of AKI.
A total of 3307 patients were identified. There were 761 (23%) patients with postoperative AKI (AKI group) vs 2546 patients without (77%, non-AKI group). The AKI group had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality (n = 193, 25.4% vs n = 122, 4.8% in the non-AKI group, P < .001). Additional postoperative complications were also more common in the AKI group including postoperative cerebrovascular accident, reexploration for bleeding, and prolonged ventilation. Independent baseline characteristics associated with AKI included a history of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, evidence of malperfusion on presentation, distal extent of dissection to abdominal aorta, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed decreased 5-year survival among the AKI group (P < .001).
AKI occurs commonly after TAAAD repair and is associated with a significantly increased risk of operative and long-term mortality. In this large study using the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection database, several factors were elucidated that may affect risk of AKI.
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Cannulation strategy in acute type A dissection (ATAD) varies widely without known gold standards. This study compared ATAD outcomes of axillary vs femoral artery cannulation in a large cohort from ...the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD).
The study retrospectively reviewed 2145 patients from the IRAD Interventional Cohort (1996-2021) who underwent ATAD repair with axillary or femoral cannulation (axillary group: n = 1106 52%; femoral group: n = 1039 48%). End points included the following: early mortality; neurologic, respiratory, and renal complications; malperfusion; and tamponade. All outcomes are presented as axillary with respect to femoral.
The proportion of patients younger than 70 years in both groups was similar (n = 1577 74%), as were bicuspid aortic valve, Marfan syndrome, and previous dissection. Patients with femoral cannulation had slightly more aortic insufficiency (408 55% vs 429 60%; P = .058) and coronary involvement (48 8% vs 70 13%; P = .022. Patients with axillary cannulation underwent more total aortic arch (156 15% vs 106 11%; P = .02) and valve-sparing root replacements (220 22% vs 112 12%; P < .001). More patients with femoral cannulation underwent commissural resuspension (269 30.9% vs 324 35.3%; P = .05). Valve replacement rates were not different. The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in the femoral group (190 149-237 minutes vs 196 159-247 minutes; P = .037). In-hospital mortality was similar between the axillary (n = 165 15%) and femoral (n = 149 14%) groups (P = .7). Furthermore, there were no differences in stroke, visceral ischemia, tamponade, respiratory insufficiency, coma, or spinal cord ischemia.
Axillary cannulation is associated with a more stable ATAD presentation, but it is a more extensive intervention compared with femoral cannulation. Both procedures have equivalent early mortality, stroke, tamponade, and malperfusion outcomes after statistical adjustment.
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In this essay - which frames this special issue of Social Dynamics - we focus on the "exchange system," by which newspaper editors mutually consented to reprint material from each other. The work of ...clipping, citation, condensation and republication were a creative part of the working pattern in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century newsrooms. The exchange system furnished editors and authors with transnational resources by which to experiment with new voices and new forms of address. Newspapers were collages, pasted together by editors who vacuumed material out of a circulating print commons, assembled clippings on the page, and brought it all to print. After publication newspapers were disassembled, clipped, recopied, and archived. The essays collected here show publication to be a springboard by which some compositions vaulted into new domains. Readers clipped newspapers apart and reassembled them in scrapbooks, in folders, and in archives. By this downcycling they refashioned texts as emblems of solidarity, as signifiers of commitments, and as proof of purpose. Our purpose here is to deaccession newspapers, unglue the bits of paper pasted onto the page, and trace the looping passage of texts into and out of print.
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