Background Under the pressure of Human Adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) outbreak in children in Northern Vietnam in the end of 2022, this study was initiated to identify ...the HAdV subtype(s) and examine the associated clinical features and risk factors of more severe cases. Methods This study evaluated pediatric patients with ARI which had tested positive for HAdV between October and November 2022 using a multiplex real-time PCR panel. Nasopharyngeal aspirates or nasal swab samples were used for sequencing to identify HAdV subtypes. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. Results Among 97 successfully sequenced samples, the predominant subtypes were HAdV-B3 (83%), HAdV-B7 (16%) and HAdV-C2 (1%). Lower respiratory manifestations were found in 25% of the patients of which 5% were diagnosed with severe pneumonia. There was no significant association between HAdV subtype and clinical features except higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts in those detected with HAdV-B3 (p<0.001). Co-detection of HAdV with greater than or equal to1 other respiratory viruses was found in 13/24(54%) of those with lower respiratory manifestations and 4/5(80%) of those with severe pneumonia (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) vs. those without = 10.74 (2.83, 48.17) and 19.44 (2.12, 492.73) respectively after adjusting for age, sex, birth delivery method, day of disease). Conclusion HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 were predominant in the outbreak. Co-detection of HAdV together with other respiratory viruses was a strong risk factor for lower respiratory tract illnesses and severe pneumonia. The findings advocate the advantages of multi-factor microbial panels for the diagnosis and prognosis of ARI in children.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, the development of our purpose‐made capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for CE is reported. These systems have been employed as a simple, versatile, and ...cost‐effective analytical tool. CE‐C4D devices, whose principle is based on the control of the ion movements under an electrical field, can be constructed even with a modest financial budget and limited infrastructure. A featured application was developed for quality control of antimicrobial drugs using CE‐C4D, with most recent work on determination of aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics being communicated. For aminoglycosides, the development of CE‐C4D methods was adapted to two categories. The first one includes drugs (liquid or powder form) for intravenous injection, containing either amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin A, or kanamycin B. The second one covers drugs for eye drops (liquid or ointment form), containing either neomycin, tobramycin, or polymyxin. The CE‐C4D method development was also made for determination of some popular glycopeptide antibiotics in Vietnam, including vancomycin and teicoplanin. The best detection limit achieved using the developed CE‐C4D methods was 0.5 mg/L. Good agreement between results from CE‐C4D and the confirmation method (HPLC‐ Photometric Diode Array ) was achieved, with their result deviations less than 8% and 13% for aminoglycoside and glycopeptide antibiotics, respectively.
The impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) therapy on lipid and glucose metabolism and kidney function in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, along with its side effects on blood ...cells, remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a study that enrolled 280 patients with HCV infection who achieved sustained virologic response after treatment with DAA therapy without ribavirin to evaluate the metabolic changes, renal function, and anemia risk based on real-world data. This study was an observational prospective study with a follow-up period of 12 weeks after the initiation of DAA therapy. Data on biochemical tests, renal function, blood counts, viral load, and host genomics were recorded before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment with DAAs. DAA therapy reduced fibrosis-4 scores and improved liver function, with significant reductions in aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels. However, DAA therapy slightly increased uric acid, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C index (HbA1C) in the study group, while hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) concentrations decreased significantly (4.78 ± 21.79 g/L and 0.09% ± 0.11%, respectively). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased by 12.89 ± 39.04 mL/min/1.73m.sup.2 . Most variations were not related to the genotype, except for Hb, HCT, and HbA1C. Anemia incidence increased from 23.58% before treatment to 30.72% after treatment. Patients with HCV-1 genotype had a higher rate of anemia than did patients with genotype 6 (36.23% vs. 24.62%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of anemia was related to female sex, cirrhosis status, fibrosis-4 score, pretreatment eGFR, and pretreatment Hb level. The results of our study can provide helpful information to clinicians for the prognosis and treatment of HCV infection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The advent of potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents over the past decade has resulted in significant improvement in reducing ischemic events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the use ...of antiplatelet and antithrombotic combination therapy, often in the settings of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), has led to an increase in the risk of bleeding. In patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with antithrombotic agents, bleeding has been reported to occur in 0.4%-10% of patients, whereas in patients undergoing PCI, periprocedural bleeding occurs in 2.2%-14% of cases. Until recently, bleeding was considered an intrinsic risk of antithrombotic therapy, and efforts to reduce bleeding have received little attention. There have been increasing data demonstrating that bleeding is associated with adverse outcomes, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Therefore, it is imperative to optimize patient outcomes by adopting pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies to minimize bleeding while maximizing treatment efficacy. In this paper, we present a review of the bleeding classifications used in large-scale clinical trials in patients with ACS and those undergoing PCI treated with antiplatelets and antithrombotic agents, adverse outcomes, particularly mortality associated with bleeding complications, and suggested predictive risk factors. Potential mechanisms of the association between bleeding and mortality and strategies to reduce bleeding complications are also discussed.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an increasing problem worldwide, but particularly problematic in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to limitations of resources for ...surveillance of CRE and infection prevention and control (IPC).
A point prevalence survey (PPS) with screening for colonisation with CRE was conducted on 2233 patients admitted to neonatal, paediatric and adult care at 12 Vietnamese hospitals located in northern, central and southern Vietnam during 2017 and 2018. CRE colonisation was determined by culturing of faecal specimens on selective agar for CRE. Risk factors for CRE colonisation were evaluated. A CRE admission and discharge screening sub-study was conducted among one of the most vulnerable patient groups; infants treated at an 80-bed Neonatal ICU from March throughout June 2017 to assess CRE acquisition, hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and treatment outcome.
A total of 1165 (52%) patients were colonised with CRE, most commonly Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 805), Escherichia coli (n = 682) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 61). Duration of hospital stay, HAI and treatment with a carbapenem were independent risk factors for CRE colonisation. The PPS showed that the prevalence of CRE colonisation increased on average 4.2% per day and mean CRE colonisation rates increased from 13% on the day of admission to 89% at day 15 of hospital stay. At the NICU, CRE colonisation increased from 32% at admission to 87% at discharge, mortality was significantly associated (OR 5·5, P < 0·01) with CRE colonisation and HAI on admission.
These data indicate that there is an epidemic spread of CRE in Vietnamese hospitals with rapid transmission to hospitalised patients.
Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Until now, there has been limited knowledge about risk factors of this disease in Vietnam. The study was carried out to identify agricultural and ...behavioral factors associated with the transmission of leptospirosis in Vietnam. This matched retrospective hospital-community-based case-control study was conducted from 1 October 2018 to 31 October 2019. We recruited cases from 11 selected government hospitals in three provinces of Vietnam, while controls were selected from the same communes of cases and matched by age (+ or - 2 years) and sex. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to determine confirmed cases, while only MAT was used to identify controls with a single high MAT titer < 1:100. 504 participants (252 cases and 252 controls) were identified. Cultivating (OR 2.83, CI 1.38-5.79), animal farming (OR 8.26, CI 2.24-30.52), pig owners (OR 10.48, CI 5.05-21.73), cat owners (OR 2.62, CI 1.49-4.61) and drinking unboiled water (OR 1.72, CI 1.14 -2.59, p = 0.010) were significantly associated with human leptospirosis in Vietnam. Hand washing after farming/ gardening (OR 0.57, CI 0.38-0.86, p = 0.007) and bathing after farming, gardening, contact with cattle and poultry (OR 0.33, CI 0.19-0.58, p = 0.000) were determined as protective factors for this disease. In short, the case-control study has revealed the risks in agricultural and animal practices and protective behavioral factors related to human leptospirosis in Vietnam. The findings suggested promotion of communication and health education programs targeting health behaviors in daily life and agricultural practices. Using personal protective equipment such as gowns, gloves, and boots during agricultural practices, especially cultivating and animal farming, is most recommended.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the study, we successfully decorated MnFe2O4 on BiVO4 to highly improve its photocatalytic activity for degradation of tetracycline as well as its magnetically recovery. The decoration of MnFe2O4 ...on BiVO4 led to formation of MnFe2O4/BiVO4 Z scheme heterojunction to effectively prevent the charge recombination in each material. Upon visible light, the MnFe2O4/BiVO4 heterojunction produced significant available amounts of e− and h+ existing in the conduction band of the MnFe2O4 and the valence band of the BiVO4, respectively. These produced e− on the conduction band of the MnFe2O4, which reduction potential was approximately −0.41 eV, exhibited strong reduction potential reducing oxygen to produce •O2− radicals while h+ on the valence band of the BiVO4, which oxidation potential was 2.77 eV, showed strong oxidation potential oxidizing water and hydroxyl groups to produce •OH radicals. These generated active oxygen radicals effectively degraded TC in water (~92%). The used photocatalysts were easily recovered from photocatalytic suspension using an external magnet due to high magnetically activity of the MnFe2O4, which tightly bonded with BiVO4 in the MnFe2O4/BiVO4 heterojunction. Finally, the recovered MnFe2O4/BiVO4 heterojunction was very active and stable for tetracycline degradation in long-term process.
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Graphene aerogels (GAs) were synthesized from GO by chemical reduction in which ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as a reducing agent. The suitable conditions of GA synthesis were 30 μL ...of EDA, reaction temperature of 90 °C, and time of 6 h. The suitable GA was used as an adsorbent for removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) from water. The adsorption data fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with the maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g.
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from graphite by improved Hummers method. Graphene aerogels (GAs) were synthesized from GO by chemical reduction in which ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as a reducing agent. Influences of conditions on GA synthesis including content of EDA, reduction temperature and time were investigated. The structure and morphology of GAs were studied by density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area. It was found that the suitable conditions of GA synthesis were 30 μL of EDA, reduction temperature of 90 °C, and time of 6 h. The density and BET specific surface area of suitable GA were determined to be 4.57 mg/cm3 and 845 m2/g, respectively. FTIR, XRD, and Raman results showed the oxygen-containing groups on the GO surface were partially reduced and self-assembly of reduced GO formed three-dimensional framework. SEM images presented the interconnected porous structure of GA with the pore size of 50 μm. The suitable GA was used as an adsorbent for removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) from water. Effects of factors including pH, contact time, and initial Cd2+ concentration on the adsorption capacity of GA were studied. The adsorption data fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with the maximum adsorption capacity of 149.25 mg/g. Accordingly, GA could be used as a potential adsorbent for removal of Cd2+ ions from water.
Target tracking using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a widely studied application area. However, the available power at each sensor node and the energy required to transmit the sensed information ...to a network sink have limited the use of WSNs in target tracking applications. In this paper, the use of a mobile robot, working in conjunction with the WSN, to track a target is studied. The trilateration approach is used to detect the presence of the target and a Kalman Filter is used to estimate its location. An algorithm is proposed that enables the selection of a minimum number of sensor nodes to track the target and to determine the path of the mobile robot for efficient tracking. Theoretical proofs are developed to mathematically demonstrate the convergence of the target tracking algorithm.
g-C
3
N
4
/BiVO
4
, binary component heterojunction materials, were successfully synthesized for novel photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) decomposition. In the prepared binary component heterojunction, ...BiVO
4
was well distributed on g-C
3
N
4
layer. In addition, BiVO
4
and g-C
3
N
4
was intimately contacted. Both BiVO
4
and g-C
3
N
4
, which band gap energies were approximately 2.46 and 2.71 eV, respectively, would also absorb significant amount of visible light to excite electrons (e
−
) from their valence bands to conduction bands. Thus, the e
−
on the conduction band of the BiVO
4
could quickly transfer and combine with the h
+
on the valence band of the g-C
3
N
4
. Therefore, the g-C
3
N
4
/BiVO
4
could be easily excited by incident visible irradiation to produce large number of h
+
on the valence band of the BiVO
4
and e
−
on the conduction band of the g-C
3
N
4
. These produced e
−
and h
+
were strong enough for reactions with water and oxygen to product huge amounts of hydroxyl radicals for novel TC degradation. The photocatalytic performance of these g-C
3
N
4
/BiVO
4
materials highly depended on weight ratio of these used precursors. The g-C
3
N
4
/BiVO
4
-10 material, which the g-C
3
N
4
:BiVO
4
weight ratio was 10%, presented the highest tetracycline degradation efficiency (95%). This was due to these excess of g-C
3
N
4
covered more BiVO
4
surface preventing incident light reaching to the material and also represented as active sites for recombination of charges (e
−
and h
+
) decreasing photocatalytic efficiency of the system. Finally, the synthesized g-C
3
N
4
/BiVO
4
presented novel durability during long-term photocatalysis.
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