This book offers a comprehensive study of regional industrialization in Europe and Asia from the early nineteenth century to the present. Using case studies on regional industrialization, the book ...provides insights into similarities and differences in industrialization processes between European, Eurasian, and Asian countries. Important factors include the transition from traditional to modern industrial production, industrial policy, agglomeration forces, market integration, and the determinants of industrial location over time. The book is an invaluable reference that attempts to bridge the fields of economic history, political history, economic geography, and economics while contributing to the debates on economic divergence between Europe and Asia as well as on the role of economic integration and globalization.
Introduction Le diabète gestationnel (DG) est une anomalie de la glycémie fréquente, qui l’est d’autant plus depuis les nouveaux critères diagnostiques, pouvant aboutir à de nombreuses complications ...tant maternelles que fœtales. Une prise en charge standardisée par une équipe multidisciplinaire est nécessaire chez ce type de patientes. Matériels et méthodes Nous avons analysé rétrospectivement les données des 66 dernières femmes possédant un dossier complet de suivi de DG dans notre unité spécialisée de diabétologie. Notre centre dispose d’une équipe multidisciplinaire composée de diabétologues, infirmières et diététiciennes. Le suivi est standardisé pour chacune de ces patientes selon une procédure validée par l’ensemble de l’équipe (nombre de visites, de contacts, autosurveillance glycémique, suivi diététique…). Résultats Les données de 66 femmes présentant un DG ont été examinées. L’âge moyen de ces femmes était de 30 ± 5 ans, leur BMI moyen de 28,4 ± kg/m². Elles ont donné naissance, avec un âge gestationnel moyen de 38 ± 1,8 semaines, à 68 enfants dont le poids de naissance moyen était de 3,155 ± 0,538 kg dont 2 cas de macrosomie. Vingt sept pour cent de ces naissances l’ont été par césarienne tandis que 30 % des femmes ont nécessité une insulinothérapie au cours de leur grossesse. Le taux moyen d’HbA1c au début du suivi était de 5,2 ± 0,36 % tandis que celui de fin de suivi était de 5,4 ± 0,30 %. La complication fœtale la plus fréquente était la dystocie. Seulement 50 % des femmes ont consulté 3 mois après leur grossesse comme prévu dans la procédure. Parmi ces femmes, 10 % présentait un taux d’HbA1c > 5,7 %. Conclusion Le DG reste une situation à haut risque de complications. Une standardisation du suivi par une équipe multidisciplinaire est nécessaire. Par ailleurs, il est important de sensibiliser les patientes à la nécessité d’un suivi métabolique post-partum puisque ces patientes présentent un risque accru de dysglycémie ultérieurement. Déclaration d’intérêt Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir d’intérêt direct ou indirect (financier ou en nature) avec un organisme privé, industriel ou commercial en relation avec le sujet présenté.
The recent high rises in energy crisis worldwide have prompted scientists and scholars to incessantly research on modern energy conversion and storage devices. In this work, we employed the service ...of composites of transition bimetallic phosphates in fabrication of electrodes for usages in supercapacitors. The morphology of these electrodes showcase a mixture of leaf, sphere and platelet nanoparticles spread evenly on the surface of the substrate with respect to precursor ratio variations. These fabricated electrodes indicated appreciable crystalline nature from XRD results. Various band gap energies of these electrodes are very low, supporting their excellent electrochemical performance. The excellent charge storage performance of various electrodes were evident from the electrochemical studies and indicate that Co
3
(PO
4
)
2
@Ni
3
(PO
4
)
2
electrodes are potential electrodes for supercapacitors applications. Various electrochemical results clearly designated that bimetallic Co
3
(PO
4
)
2
@Ni
3
(PO
4
)
2
composites formation improved electrodes supercapacitive performance and cycle stability.
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) introduced into the United States in the mid-1990s. Since its initial establishment, it ...has spread throughout the east coast as far south as Georgia, and as far north as New Hampshire. While information is available regarding H. halys behavior and life history in some crops, relatively little information is available for vegetables such as peppers. Key questions include understanding when H. halys enters pepper fields to feed and how best to predict infestations, what population levels create economic damage, and if peppers that vary in capsaicin levels also vary in susceptibility to attack. To answer these questions, replicated plots were set up across four mid-Atlantic states using three types of peppers: sweet bell, sweet banana, and hot chili. We found that there was no difference in the overall abundance of all life stages of H. halys on all pepper varieties tested. However, there were differences in bug density by site, but these differences did not translate to differences in the proportion of damaged fruit. The presence of adult H. halys is a better predictor of damage in banana peppers, whereas nymphs are a better predictor in bell pepper. In addition, across all sites, the presence of egg masses was low in pepper crops and densities of both adults and immatures tend to peak on pepper plants in early August. Altogether, this information can be used to help develop a pest management program in peppers that will reduce crop losses to this new devastating pest, while reducing the reliance on insecticides to manage this pest at the same time.
This analysis aims to examine factors associated with delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Data were derived from the 2002/2003 and 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health ...Survey. Information from 12,191 singleton live-born infants aged 0-23 months was used to examine factors associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Furthermore, information from 3,187 singleton live-born infants aged 0-5 months was used to identify factors associated with non-exclusive breastfeeding. Associations between potential predictors and study outcomes were examined using logistic regression. Our study found that infants from high household wealth-index had significantly increased odds of both delayed initiation and non-exclusive breastfeeding. Other factors associated with an increased odds of delayed initiation of breastfeeding included infants from Sumatera region (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.38-1.95), Caesarean-section deliveries (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.39-2.44) and deliveries in government-owned (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.08-1.76) and non-health facility (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.43). Other factors associated with an increased odds for non-exclusive breastfeeding included parents who were in the workforce (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.06-1.78) and mothers with obstetric complication at childbirth (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74). However, the odds reduced for infants from Eastern Indonesia (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.85). Poor breastfeeding practices are associated with environmental, socio-economic, pregnancy-birthing characteristics and maternal health services factors. Efforts to promote breastfeeding practices should be conducted comprehensively to target population at risk for poor breastfeeding practices.
Introduction Le diabète de type 1 (DT1) peut se compliquer d’une neuropathie parasympathique, avec élévation de la fréquence cardiaque (FC), et d’une rigidité artérielle accélérée, avec élévation de ...la pression pulsée (PP). Une augmentation de la FC entraîne normalement une diminution de la PP suite au raccourcissement de la diastole. Ce travail étudie l’influence du DT1 sur les relations entre PP et FC. Patients et méthodes FC et PP sont mesurées chez 80 patients DT1 (HbA1c = 8,6 %), âgés de 20 à 60 ans, sans médicaments cardiovasculaires, et chez 80 sujets témoins (appariés pour l’âge et le sexe). FC et PP sont enregistrées en continu avec un appareil Finapres® lors d’un test postural standardisé. Les relations entre FC et PP sont calculées en position débout (1 min) et en position accroupie (1 min), position connue pour augmenter PP et diminuer FC. Résultats En position debout, la relation négative attendue entre PP et FC existe chez les sujets témoins (r = − 0,1966 ; p = 0,0127), mais pas chez les DT1 (r = − 0,1113 ; p = 0,1633). En position accroupie, la relation négative entre PP et FC disparaît chez les témoins (r = − 0,0013 ; p = 0,9862) alors qu’une relation paradoxale positive apparaît chez les DT1 (r = 0,1572 ; p = 0,0472). Celle-ci est marquée chez les femmes DT1 (r = 0,2541 ; p = 0,0230), mais non chez les hommes DT1 (r = − 0,1100 ; p = 0,3315). Elle est la plus forte chez les DT1 âgés de plus de 40 ans (r = 0,3188 ; p = 0,0042) mais non présente chez les DT1 entre 20 et 40 ans (r = − 0,0498 ; p = 0,6591). Enfin, elle est nette chez les DT1 avec PP élevée > 60 mmHg (r = 0,3196 ; p = 0,0128) et non chez ceux avec PP < 60 mmHg (r = 0,1328 ; p = 0,1839). Discussion Ces anomalies de la relation PP/FC témoignent d’une mauvaise adaptation hémodynamique en présence d’un DT1 prolongé imparfaitement équilibré et semblent plus importantes dans le sexe féminin.
Abstract Aim Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and pulsatile stress are considered to be independent cardiovascular risk factors. This study compared haemodynamic changes during an active ...orthostatic test in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), using low versus high RR E/I ratios as a marker of CAN. Methods A total of 20 T1DM patients with low RR E/I ratios were compared with 20 T1DM patients with normal RR E/I ratios, matched for gender (1/1 ratio), age (mean: 46 years) and diabetes duration (22–26 years); 40 matched healthy subjects served as controls. All subjects were evaluated by continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (Finapres® ) and heart rate using a standardized posture test (1-min standing, 1-min squatting, 1-min standing), thus allowing calculation of baroreflex gain. Results Compared with controls, T1DM patients showed lower RR E/I ratios, reduced baroreflex gains, higher pulsatile stress (pulse pressure × heart rate), greater squatting-induced pulse pressure rises, orthostatic hypotension and reduced reflex tachycardia. Compared with T1DM patients with preserved RR E/I ratios, T1DM patients with low RR E/I ratios showed reduced post-standing reflex tachycardia and baroreflex gain, and delayed blood pressure recovery, but no markers of increased pulsatile stress. Interestingly, decreased baroreflex gain was significantly associated with both pulsatile stress and microalbuminuria. Conclusion The use of RR E/I ratios to separate T1DM patients allows the detection of other CAN markers during an orthostatic posture test, but with no significant differences in pulsatile stress or microalbuminuria. In this context, squatting-derived baroreflex gain appears to be more informative.
Acute cerebellar ataxia in lupus Chattopadhyay, P; Dhua, D; Philips, CA ...
Lupus,
10/2011, Letnik:
20, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Acute cerebellar ataxia in patients with lupus is rare and occurs early in the course of disease. We report a case of acute cerebellar ataxia in a young adult female who recovered completely with ...intravenous high-dose steroid therapy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Federal prohibitions are ubiquitous in society. These prohibitions may be absolute, providing no exceptions, or they may be qualified, providing exemptions that allow specified parties to avoid a ...law's reach. The power to exempt parties from a prohibition is not limited to the federal government; it may be delegated to states or smaller polities as well. This is the structure that Congress employed when enacting the Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control Act: the Act bans, among other things, the sale and distribution of drug paraphernalia but provides an exemption for "any person authorized by local, State, or Federal law." While the Act's exemption may appear unambiguous at first blush, interpretive difficulty ensues when one asks what is required of a state or locality to "authorize" federally prohibited conduct. This difficulty is troublesome given the significance that attaches to whether a party is considered "authorized." In states that have legalized marijuana, paraphernalia businesses are engaging in federally unlawful conduct until deemed authorized by state law, and a lack of authorization can result in devastating consequences. The importance of whether a party meets the Act's authorization exemption thus warrants a more nuanced understanding of what is required to "authorize" prohibited conduct. But the law lacks such an understanding-not only in the context of the Paraphernalia Control Act but in other areas as well. This Note aims to provide a framework for discerning what actions are sufficient to authorize otherwise prohibited conduct. It submits that authorization exists along a continuum: it may be affirmative, more implicit, or inherent. By understanding the full range of meanings that authorization may take, the law will be better equipped to provide a more complete answer when determining whether a party is "authorized."
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