The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector Adrián-Martínez, S.; Ageron, M.; Anghinolfi, M. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
02/2016, Letnik:
76, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several ...hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the
40
K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3
∘
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design ...with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same
40
K decay and the localisation of bioluminescent activity in the neighbourhood. The single unit can cleanly identify atmospheric muons and provide sensitivity to the muon arrival directions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Since 2015 the LIGO and Virgo interferometers have detected gravitational waves from
almost one hundred coalescences of compact objects (black holes and neutron stars). This article
presents ...the results of a search performed with data from the ANTARES telescope to identify
neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources detected during the third LIGO/Virgo
observing run and reported in the catalogues GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3. This search is
sensitive to all-sky neutrinos of all flavours and of energies > 100 GeV,
thanks to the inclusion of both track-like events (mainly induced by
ν
μ
charged-current
interactions) and shower-like events (induced by other interaction types). Neutrinos are selected
if they are detected within ± 500 s from the GW merger and with a reconstructed
direction compatible with its sky localisation. No significant excess is found for any of the 80
analysed GW events, and upper limits on the neutrino emission are derived. Using the information
from the GW catalogues and assuming isotropic emission, upper limits on the total energy
E
tot,
ν
emitted as neutrinos of all flavours and on the ratio
f
ν
=
E
tot,
ν
/
E
GW
between neutrino and GW emissions are also computed. Finally, a stacked
analysis of all the 72 binary black hole mergers (respectively the 7 neutron star-black hole
merger candidates) has been performed to constrain the typical neutrino emission within this
population, leading to the limits:
E
tot,
ν
< 4.0 × 10
53
erg and
f
ν
< 0.15
(respectively,
E
tot,
ν
< 3.2 × 10^53 erg and
f
ν
< 0.88) for
E
-2
spectrum
and isotropic emission. Other assumptions including softer spectra and non-isotropic scenarios
have also been tested.
The high-acceptance dielectron spectrometer HADES Agakichiev, G.; Alvarez-Pol, H.; Balanda, A. ...
The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
08/2009, Letnik:
41, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron production in pion, proton and heavy-ion-induced collisions. Its main features include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector ...for electron-hadron discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector system is characterized by an 85% azimuthal coverage over a polar angle interval from 18
°
to 85
°
, a single electron efficiency of 50% and a vector meson mass resolution of 2.5%. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large momentum range ( 0.1 <
p
< 1.0 GeV/
c
. This paper describes the main features and the performance of the detector system.
The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set ...of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. A relative time synchronisation between photomultipliers of the nanosecond order needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterisation of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices is critical for the time calibration. The optical pulse rise time has been quantified as less than 3 ns, while the Full Width Half Maximum is less than 6 ns. The wavelength drift, due to a variation of the supply voltage, has also been qualified as lower than 10 nm for the full range of the Nanobeacon. In this paper, more details about the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described.
A study of hot Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in nuclei of mass A = 120~130 in an excitation energy range from 150 to 330 MeV, where the GDR quenching is expected to arise, has been undertaken using ...the MEDEA multi-detector system. Elot nuclei were populated using complete and incomplete fusion reactions. The characterization of hot system was performed through the study of residue time of flight combined with the analysis of light charged energy spectra detected in coincidence. Gamma-ray energy spectra show an evolution of the GDR main features both in terms of width and multiplicity. Evidences of a saturation of gamma multiplicity appear at high excitation energy at variance with predictions of statistical model calculations. Gamma-ray energy spectra can been reproduced in a phenomenological way introducing in the statistical model a sharp suppression of the gamma-ray emission above E* = 240 MeV. A comparison of experimental data to models describing the GDR disappearance will be presented.
Abstract
In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov ...(HAWC) Observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between 2015 July and 2020 February with a live time of 4.39 yr. Over this time period, three coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of <1 coincidence per year were found. This number is consistent with background expectations.
KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean sea, optimised for the detection of astrophysical neutrinos with energies above ∼1 TeV. In this work, using Monte ...Carlo simulations including all-flavour neutrinos, the integrated and differential sensitivities for KM3NeT/ARCA are presented considering the case of a diffuse neutrino flux as well as extended and point-like neutrino sources. This analysis is applied to Starburst Galaxies demonstrating that the detector has the capability of tracing TeV neutrinos from these sources. Remarkably, after eight years, a hard power-law spectrum from the nearby Small Magellanic Cloud can be constrained. The sensitivity and discovery potential for NGC 1068 is also evaluated showing that KM3NeT/ARCA will discriminate between different astrophysical components of the measured neutrino flux after 3 years of data taking.
The ANTARES detector is an undersea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The search for pointlike neutrino sources is one of the main goals of the ANTARES telescope, requiring a reliable ...method to evaluate the detector angular resolution and pointing accuracy. This work describes the study of the Sun "shadow" effect with the ANTARES detector. The shadow is the deficit in the atmospheric muon flux in the direction of the Sun caused by the absorption of the primary cosmic rays. This analysis is based on the data collected between 2008 and 2017 by the ANTARES telescope. The observed statistical significance of the Sun shadow detection is 3.7σ, with an estimated angular resolution of 0.59° ± 0.10° for downward-going muons. The pointing accuracy is found to be consistent with the expectations and no evidence of systematic pointing shifts is observed.
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