Pineapple byproduct and canola oil were evaluated as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low-fat burgers. Five treatments were performed: conventional (CN, 20% fat) and ...four low-fat formulations (10% fat): control (CT), pineapple byproduct (PA), canola oil (CO), pineapple byproduct and canola oil (PC). Higher water and fat retention and lower cooking loss and diameter reduction were found in burgers with byproduct addition. In raw burgers, byproduct incorporation reduced L*, a*, and C* values, but these alterations were masked after cooking, leading to products similar to CN. Low-fat treatments were harder, chewier, and more cohesive than full-fat burgers. However, in Warner Bratzler shear measurements, PA and PC were as tender as CN. In QDA, no difference was found between CN and PC. Pineapple byproducts along with canola oil are promising fat replacers in beef burgers. In order to increase the feasibility of use of pineapple byproduct in the meat industry, alternative processes of byproduct preparation should be evaluated in future studies.
•Pineapple byproduct addition improved cooking characteristics of low-fat products.•Neither canola oil nor pineapple byproduct altered the color of low-fat cooked burger.•Low-fat products were harder, chewier, and more cohesive than the full-fat burgers.•The byproduct along with canola oil improved sensory characteristics of low-fat burger.•Pineapple byproduct associated with canola oil showed potential as fat replacers.
The effect of freeze-dried pineapple by-product and canola oil as fat replacers on the oxidative stability, cholesterol content and fatty acid profile of low-fat beef burgers was evaluated. Five ...treatments were performed: conventional (CN, 20% fat) and four low-fat formulations (10% fat): control (CT), pineapple by-product (PA), canola oil (CO), and pineapple by-product and canola oil (PC). Low-fat cooked burgers showed a mean cholesterol content reduction of 9.15% compared to the CN. Canola oil addition improved the fatty acid profile of the burgers, with increase in the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio, in the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. The oxidative stability of the burgers was affected by the vegetable oil addition. However, at the end of the storage time (120days), malonaldehyde values of CO and PC were lower than the threshold for the consumer's acceptance. Canola oil, in combination with pineapple by-product, can be considered promising fat replacers in the development of healthier burgers.
We report on the production and evaluation of passionflower transgenic lines for resistance to Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Genetic transformation was done using Agrobacterium tumefaciens ...and transgene integration was confirmed by Southern blot analyses, resulting in nine transgenic lines for ‘IAC 275’ and three for ‘IAC 277’. Transgenic lines were clonally propagated and evaluated for resistance to CABMV. After the third inoculation, under higher inoculum pressure, only propagated plants of the transgenic line T16 remained asymptomatic, indicating a high resistance to infection with CABMV. This transgenic line was self-pollinated and the R1 generation was evaluated together with the R1 generation of another resistant transgenic line (T2) identified previously. Plants were inoculated with CABMV by means of viruliferous Myzus nicotianae. All 524 T2R1 plants became infected, whereas 13 of 279 T16R1 remained asymptomatic after four successive inoculations. A T16R2 generation was obtained and plants were inoculated with CABMV mechanically or by aphids. After successive inoculations, 118 of 258 plants were symptomless, suggesting that the resistance to CABMV was maintained in the plant genome as the homozygous condition was achieved. Five selected resistant T16R2 plants which contained the capsid protein gene are being crossed for further analyses.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess different combinations of coverage materials in reduced models of animal husbandry facilities based on thermal comfort indices. It was conducted in an experimental ...area of the Research Center in Ambience located in São Paulo State, Brazil (22°42′30″ S and 47°38′00″ W). The performance of ceramic and fiber-cement (white painted) tiles was assessed associated with two types of polypropylene commercial linings (lining A and B) installed below the roof, and a thermo-reflective screen (lining C) installed above the fiber-cement roof. Microclimatic assessment of distorted reduced-scale models was performed at 15-minute intervals by registering the air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. Subsequently, black globe humidity index, specific enthalpy, and radiant heat load were calculated. The experimental design was randomized block design with 5 treatments and 15 blocks (replications), totaling 75 experimental units. The reduced-scale models with lining B presented a reduction for all thermal comfort indices. Lining C, installed on the coverage, showed no upgrading of environmental thermal conditions. Thus, lining B presented a better thermal performance regardless the tile type.
The consumption of the regional basic diet (RBD) determines a state of malnutrition found in the low-income population of Northeastern Brazil. A dietary supplement known as multimixture has been used ...as an alternative source of iron in food for the prevention and/or treatment of anemia and for the recovery from malnutrition. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the bioavailability of iron in the RBD supplemented with multimixture in iron-depleted and non-depleted Wistar rats. To produce iron depletion in the animals, pretest depletion diets without iron and the pretest control diet based on the AIN-93 diet were used for 8 weeks. This phase was followed by the test diets: control, AIN-93 extrinsically labeled with ⁵⁹FeCl₃; RBD, containing carioca beans intrinsically labeled with ⁵⁹Fe; and RBDMM, RBD plus multimixture, supplied in a single meal. Hemoglobin concentration, weight gain, and dietary intake were determined in the pretest phase. Iron bioavailability was determined by the determination of total-body radiation in the animals for 7 days, using a solid scintillation detector. The hemoglobin concentration, weight gain, and dietary intake were greater in the non-depleted animals than in the iron-depleted ones. The iron bioavailability of the diets did not differ significantly. It was concluded that the multimixture did not affect the bioavailability of Fe contained in the beans of the RBD.
ABSTRACT The practice of using different photo-selective nets, associated with the technique of fertigation, represents a new agrotechnological concept that aims to promote specific physiological ...responses for growth and production, which are regulated by light. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of photo-selective nets and potassium concentrations in the fertigation solution on the horticultural performance of Costus lasius. The study was conducted at the Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Three experiments were carried out separately to evaluate five potassium concentrations in the fertigation solution (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg L-1) under three colours of photo-selective nets (red, blue and black) in a randomized block design, with five repetitions. The variables plant height and numbers of leaves, stems and flower buds were evaluated. The data were submitted to the joint analysis of experiments. The association between the K+ concentration of 200 mg L-1 and the black photo-selective net results in higher stem and inflorescence production.
RESUMO A prática da utilização de malhas de diferentes colorações, associada à técnica de fertirrigação, representa um novo conceito agrotecnológico que visa promover respostas fisiológicas específicas ao crescimento e à produção que são reguladas pela luz. Neste sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito, em cultivo protegido, de malhas fotoconversoras e de concentrações de potássio na solução de fertirrigação sobre o desempenho horticultural da Costus lasius. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP. Foram realizados três experimentos separadamente, para avaliar cinco concentrações de potássio na solução de fertirrigação (40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 mg L-1) em três colorações de malhas fotoconversoras (vermelha, azul e preta), no delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura de planta, número de folhas, caules e botões de flores. Os dados foram submetidos à análise conjunta de experimentos. A associação entre a concentração de 200 mg L-1 de K+ e a malha fotoconversora de cor preta resultou em maior produção de hastes e inflorescências.
The objective of the project was the evaluation of gamma radiation effect at 1, 2, 6, and 10 kGy doses from Co60 and control (nonirradiated) at sensory attributes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ...L.) variety Carioca Tybata, which was evaluated by Descriptive Quantitative Analysis (DQAmethod). Panelists were selected and trained to evaluated 5 attributes of appearance (Color, Brightness, Uniformity, Broken, and Broth Viscosity), 6 attributes of aroma (Characteristic aroma, New, Sweetness, Burned, Metallic, and Warmed up), 7 attributes of flavor (Characteristic flavor, Burned, Bitter, Sweetish, Fresh, Metallic, and Warmed up), and 3 attributes of texture (Hardness, Sandy, and Juiciness) after beans were cooked. The results were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Tukey 5%). The samples treated with the doses of 6 and 10 kGy presented differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) as Color and Brightness and the samples treated with dose 2 kGy and control presented the most Broken. The samples treated with the doses of 6 and 10 kGy presented differences (P less than or equal to 0.05) of Characteristic aroma and New aroma but control and for the sample with treatment of 1 kGy dose it did not occur (P greater than or equal to 0.05). The samples treated with 10 kGy presented flavor non Characteristic flavor and Burned, Bitter and Metallic flavor (P less than or equal to 0.05). The Hardness and Sandy increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) with 6 and 10 kGy doses. The Juiciness did not differ (P > 0.05) to the control, 1 and 2 kGy. We can conclude that the radiation treatment promoted alterations in the sensory quality of beans, with the doses used in this study.
The transposition of the São Francisco River is considered one of the greatest engineering works in Brazil of all time since it will cross an extensive agricultural region of continental dimensions, ...involving environmental impacts, water, soil, irrigation, water payment and other multidisciplinary themes. Taking into account its importance, this subject was incorporated into a discipline of UFSCar (Federal University of São Carlos - Brazil) named "Pollution and Environmental Impacts". It was noted strong reaction against the project, even before the presentation. To allow a critical analysis, the first objective was to compile the main technical data and environmental impacts. The second objective was to detect the three most important aspects that cause reaction, concluding for the following reasons: assumption that the volume of water to be transferred was much greater than it actually is proposed in the project; lack of knowledge about similar project already done in Brazil; the idea that the artificial canal to be built was much broader than that proposed by the project. The participants' opinion about "volume to be transferred" was raised quantitatively four times: 2-undergraduate students; 1-graduate; 1-outside community. The average resulted 14 times larger than that proposed in the project, significant according to t-test. It was concluded that the reaction to water transfer project is due in part to the ignorance combined with a preconceived idea that tend to overestimate the magnitude of environmental impacts.
A transposição do Rio São Francisco, uma das maiores obras de engenharia do Brasil de todos os tempos, cortará uma extensa região agrícola de dimensões continentais, envolvendo temas de caráter multidisciplinar, como impactos ambientais, água, solo, irrigação, outorga de água e outros. Devido a sua importância, incorporou-se a partir de 2005 o tema a uma disciplina denominada Poluição e Impactos ambientais, UFSCar. Mesmo antes das apresentações verificava-se forte oposição. Preliminarmente, o objetivo do trabalho foi levantar os principais dados técnicos e impactos ambientais, culminando com uma análise crítica sobre a obra. O segundo objetivo constituiu-se em detectar no público participante das exposições os três aspectos mais relevantes que causavam oposição, concluindo-se pelas seguintes razões: a pressuposição de que o volume de água a ser transferido seria muito maior do que na realidade se propõe no projeto; o desconhecimento de outras obras de transposição em operação no Brasil e a ideia de que o canal artificial teria largura muito maior do que o proposto. Quanto ao item volume a ser transferido, levantaram-se quantitativamente os valores imaginados pelos participantes em quatro apresentações (cursos de graduação-2, curso de pós-graduação-1 e apresentação pública externa-1). Verificou-se diferença significativa entre o valor pressuposto e o real do projeto, segundo o teste t, para cada levantamento, resultando média geral 14 vezes maior que o proposto. Concluiu-se que a reação à implantação do projeto, deve-se em parte, ao desconhecimento com tendência a superestimar a ordem de grandeza do impacto ambiental.
ABSTRACT Studies have shown that the benefits from music can improve the welfare conditions of laboratory, pet and production animals. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of music (Antonio ...Lucio Vivaldi compositions) on behavior aspects (position, activity, stereotypes, social and agonistic behavior) and physiological responses (respiratory rate and rectal temperature) in gestating sows in individual cages (stage 1), and collective stalls (stage 2). 28 animals were studied, 14 belonged to music group, and 14 to the control group (without music).The respiratory rate had the lowest averages in the group with music, for example, in stage 1, time 1, values of 19.28 and 21.50 mov.min−1. In stage 2, the values found in the same time were 20.36 and 24.16, and in time 2, values of 24.37 and 27.18 mov.min−1. These findings follow in stage 2 until time 4.Behaviors position, activity, stereotypes and agonistic interaction with the researcher were also influenced by the music. We concluded from the results that music influenced the behavior of animals, providing greater relaxing and reduce stereotypes aspects related to a better welfare.
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter associated with huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of the citrus industry. The use of ...genetically modified plants is an alternative to control this vector. Conversely, technology based on RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing specific genes of a target insect could be attempted. This work evaluated the knockdown effect of the target genes calreticulin (DcCRT), laccase (DcLAC), and Snf7 (DcSnf7) by RNAi through feeding D. citri in Murraya paniculata leaves after the uptake of an aqueous solution with dsRNA homologous to each vector target gene. Confocal microscopy revealed the uptake of the fluorescent-labeled dsRNA by detached leaves and the symplastic movement, allowing the ingestion by the feeding insect. A reduction in the survival rate was observed only 144 h after the beginning of feeding with dsRNA targeting DcSnf7; however, no reduction in transcript accumulation. The knockdown of the DcCRT and DcLAC genes was detected only 12 and 96 h after insect feeding, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in amino acid excretion from insects fed with dsRNA targets to DcCRT and DcLAC was observed 120 h after the beginning of feeding. However, the effects of the dsRNAs tested here appear to be minimal, both at the transcriptional and phenotype levels. For most concentrations and time points, no effects were observed. Therefore, the knockdown of genes DcCRT, DcLAC, and DcSnf7 do not appear to have the potential to control of D. citri through RNAi-mediated gene silencing.
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