The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may ...improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
Four-lepton production in proton-proton collisions,
, where
or
, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13
with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity ...of 35.9
. The ZZ production cross section,
, measured using events with two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs produced in the mass region
, is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are measured and are well described by the theoretical predictions. The Z boson branching fraction to four leptons is measured to be
for events with a four-lepton invariant mass in the range
and a dilepton mass
for all opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The results agree with standard model predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ
couplings at 95% confidence level:
,
,
,
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A study of the associated production of a
boson and a charm quark jet (
), and a comparison to production with a
quark jet (
), in
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8
are presented. The ...analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7
, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The
boson candidates are identified through their decays into pairs of electrons or muons. Jets originating from heavy flavour quarks are identified using semileptonic decays of
or
flavoured hadrons and hadronic decays of charm hadrons. The measurements are performed in the kinematic region with two leptons with
,
,
, and heavy flavour jets with
and
. The
production cross section is measured to be
. The ratio of the
and
production cross sections is measured to be
. The
production cross section and the cross section ratio are also measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the
boson and of the heavy flavour jet. The measurements are compared with theoretical predictions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was ...supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity-- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active--and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
A data sample of events from proton-proton collisions with two isolated same-sign leptons, missing transverse momentum, and jets is studied in a search for signatures of new physics phenomena by the ...CMS Collaboration at the LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9
, and a center-of-mass energy of 13
. The properties of the events are consistent with expectations from standard model processes, and no excess yield is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on cross sections for the pair production of gluinos, squarks, and same-sign top quarks, as well as top-quark associated production of a heavy scalar or pseudoscalar boson decaying to top quarks, and on the standard model production of events with four top quarks. The observed lower mass limits are as high as 1500
for gluinos, 830
for bottom squarks. The excluded mass range for heavy (pseudo)scalar bosons is 350-360 (350-410)
. Additionally, model-independent limits in several topological regions are provided, allowing for further interpretations of the results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A search for heavy resonances with masses above 1
, decaying to final states containing a vector boson and a Higgs boson, is presented. The search considers hadronic decays of the vector boson, and ...Higgs boson decays to b quarks. The decay products are highly boosted, and each collimated pair of quarks is reconstructed as a single, massive jet. The analysis is performed using a data sample collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13
, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9
. The data are consistent with the background expectation and are used to place limits on the parameters of a theoretical model with a heavy vector triplet. In the benchmark scenario with mass-degenerate
and
bosons decaying predominantly to pairs of standard model bosons, for the first time heavy resonances for masses as high as 3.3
are excluded at 95% confidence level, setting the most stringent constraints to date on such states decaying into a vector boson and a Higgs boson.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The unique feature of enterocytes in newborn mammals is the presence of an apical canalicular system (ACS) leading to production of large vacuoles, important for colostral macromolecule uptake. The ...vacuolated fetal-type enterocytes (VFE) enable transfer of colostral and milk proteins from the intestinal lumen across the epithelium without loosing their biological activity. First VFE are observed in the pig and lamb fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy, located at the upper part of villi in the proximal region of the fetal small intestine and subsequently in the middle and distal regions. After birth the VFE are replaced with enterocytes lacking ACS. The present study aimed to investigate the depletion of VFE in the small intestine in the sow reared pig neonates during the first postnatal weeks using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM analysis demonstrated the gradual disappearance of vacuolated enterocytes in time. VFE remained in the jejunum for a few days after birth, whereas in the duodenum single VFE were present only at birth. In the proximal jejunum, the VFE were localized in the upper part of the villi, and disappeared until the day 3 of life. VFE were present in the mid and distal jejunum, and diminished gradually until day 14 of life. By the day 21 of life, the vacuolated cells were not observed neither in the jejunum nor ileum. In conclusion, morphology analysis of pig small intestinal mucosa suggests that replacement of fetal type vacuolated enterocytes is resumed within 21 days after birth.
ABSTRACT A means for determining the rate of release, Q (spores per square meter per second), of spores from a source of inoculum is paramount for quantifying their further dispersal and the ...potential spread of disease. Values of Q were obtained for Phytophthora infestans sporangia released from an area source of diseased plants in a potato canopy by comparing the concentrations of airborne sporangia measured at several heights above the source, with the concentrations predicted by a Lagrangian Stochastic simulation model. An independent estimate of Q was obtained by quantifying the number of sporangia per unit area of source at the beginning of each sampling day by harvesting diseased plant tissue and enumerating sporangia from these samples. This standing spore crop was the potential number of sporangia released per area of source during the day. The standing spore crop was apportioned into time segments corresponding to sporangia concentration measurement periods using the time trace of sporangia sampled above the source by a Burkard continuous suction spore sampler. This apportionment of the standing spore crop yielded potential release rates that were compared with modeled release rates. The two independent estimates of Q were highly correlated (P = 0.003), indicating that the model has utility for predicting release rates for P. infestans sporangia and the spread of disease between fields.
Calbindin (CB) is a calcium binding protein playing a role in calcium uptake and anti-apoptotic cellular protection. The expression of CB was immunohistochemically studied in the small intestine of ...normal and red bean kidney lectin-treated suckling piglets. In the duodenum and jejunum (but not ileum) of lectin-treated animals overexpression of CB was noted in chromogranin A-immunoreactive (CgA-IR) neuroendocrine (NE) cells. In both control and experimental group a small population of CB-IR NE cells exhibited the presence of somatostatin (but not serotonin, histamine or CRF). After the lectin treatment, an increased (however not statistically significant) immunoreactivity to CB was found in a small subpopulation of neurons of outer submucous (but not inner submucous and myenteric) plexus. It is suggested that there is a functional interaction between lectin administration and CB-expression in the porcine small intestine. Future studies will be needed to clarify this processes.
Este documento profundiza en el rol y cualidades asociadas a la mujer en el cine deportivo de la primera década del siglo XXI, objeto de estudio poco habitual en el campo de la investigación ...cinematográfica. Para ello, se determinó una muestra compuesta por 74 películas, seleccionadas a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas y mediante un diseño de investigación de tipo descriptivo, siendo el análisis de contenido el instrumento elegido para llevarlo a cabo. Los resultados mostraron que se reflejaba con fidelidad el modelo deportivo imperante en la actualidad, así como el canon moderno que se atribuye al sexo femenino, lo cual debería cuestionar el modelo que se muestra y perpetúa en este tipo de producciones.
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