The last century of Lithuanian history and the resulting dynamics of political and demographic change have radically transformed the role, meaning and forms of interpretation of Polish heritage in ...Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to observe the main directions of changes taking place within the cultural memory of Poles living in Lithuania - the largest national minority group in Lithuania. The report presents the processes of changing topicality of Polish heritage in Lithuania in three main areas of active cultural memory: history, art and religion. The first area is represented by objects related to Józef Piłsudski, the second one by the Pohulanka Theatre (now the Russian Drama Theatre) in Vilnius and objects related to Adam Mickiewicz, and the third one by objects related to the cult of Divine Mercy.
The article analyses official communication of these memory objects (published by the objects’ owners or official managers) as well as memory practices and rituals carried out in these objects and described on social media and in news articles published in Lithuania in 2017-2019. Observing various types of storage media, in this case, some selected objects of cultural heritage and rituals and texts accompanying them, it is possible to notice processes of variability, exchange, erasing, redefining memory and hence the dynamics of changes in the Polish collective identity in modern Lithuania.
The analysis of the formal ritualization and communication of these objects has enabled noticing several interesting trends, above all an occurrence of the phenomenon of polylogue of narratives and the process of universalization of Polish heritage in Lithuania and thus Lithuanian and Polish collective memory approaching each other.
The following analysis is valuable as a starting point for reflection on the transformation of the ethnic identity of Poles in Lithuania. The article is one of the first attempts to show the processes of Lithuanian Poles identity transformations through observations of their collective memory dimension. The article presents the main trends and indicates the further potential research directions.
The consequence of establishing new Polish state borders after the Second World War was the mass resettlement of citizens of the pre-war Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita) from the so-called ...Kresy – now newly established Lithuanian, Belarusian and Ukrainian republics of the Soviet Union – to the Polish People’s Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa). The 240,000 Poles, who left the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the post-war resettlement, were only part of a group of over 1.4 million people resettled to ‘new Poland’. With extraordinary strength, they revived the 19th century myth of the Polish Kresy – one of the most important Polish national myths – which soon became an inseparable part of the Polish national discourse and the main element of Polish identity policy towards Poles who stayed in Kresy. This article is an attempt to answer the following question: What is the meaning of and role played by Kresy myth/discourse in constructing the identity of contemporary Poles living in South-eastern Lithuania – on the territory of these mythical Polish Kresy? The article is based on a series of interviews with Poles from Lithuania and representatives of governmental and non-governmental organisations operating for the Kresy, as well as an analysis of the content of these organisations websites with a project offer addressed to Poles in Lithuania.
The article raises the issue of identification as a “tutejszy” among people who live in southeastern Lithuania today. The question of how and why “tutejsi” (plural for “tutejszy”) draw identity ...boundaries between themselves and other people is very important due to the overall social and political changes in this region over the last century. To answer this question, qualitative field research was conducted using observation, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with the region’s inhabitants. The data analysis revealed two categories that play a role in the drawing of identity boundaries: the first relates to ethnicity and the second one relates to the value ascribed to being a “tutejszy”. Based on these two axes, the authors developed four models of “tutejszy” identification in southeastern Lithuania.
In this article, we investigate the process of transformation of the Lithuanian Roma genocide in the cultural memory over more than twenty years since the restoration of independence. For many years, ...the Roma genocide has been 'an invisible' part of Lithuanian history, contributing to social, cultural, and historical marginalization of the Roma. We trace how the memory of the genocide is being gradually included into the public discourse, and how it is commemorated in the public spaces. We divide transformation of communicative memory into cultural memory into two periods: the 'initial period' (1998-2014); and the 'period of intensification' (2015-present) that could be characterized by the type and intensity of undertaken activities, visibility of the commemoration efforts, engagement and type of agents involved, and general socio-political context.
Praca składa się z trzech zasadniczych części. Rozdział I poświęcony jest teorii regionalizmu. Rozdział II rozprawy przybliża sylwetkę Juliana Korsaka. Ze względu na wyjątkowo skąpe informacje ...dotyczące biografii poety, zdecydowałam się wprowadzić tło historyczne oraz geograficzne, pozwalające lepiej poznać czas i przestrzeń, które ukształtowały twórcę. Do tej części pracy należą dwa załączniki umieszczone na końcu rozprawy – mapka z miejscem urodzenia Korsaka oraz zarys genealogii poety z herbem rodowym. Rozdział III to zasadnicza część pracy, zawierająca analizę utworów pod kątem zawartych w nim treści regionalnych. Ze względu na wielopoziomowość badań nie udało się przyjąć bardziej systematyzującej formy tej części rozprawy. Rozdział ten składa się z pierwszego podrozdziału omawiającego emocjonalny stosunek do kraju ojczystego, drugiego podrozdziału analizującego konkretne przejawy regionalizmu w postaci pojawiających się w utworach nazw topograficznych, nazwisk osób związanych z regionem, symboli i motywów oraz trzeciego podrozdziału, w którym autorka wymienia przykłady regionalizmów językowych występujących w analizowanym materiale.
Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. I skyriuje nagrinėjama regionalizmo teorija. Darbo II skyrius skirtas Julijano Korsako asmenybei. Kadangi yra labai mažai medžiagos susijusios su poeto biografija, nutariau parodyti istorinį bei geografinį foną. Tai padėjo geriau pažinti laikotarpį bei aplinką, kuriuose susiformavo kūrėjas. Prie šios darbo dalies yra du priedai – nedidelis žemėlapis su pažymėta Korsako gimimo vieta bei poeto genealoginė apybraiža su šeimos herbu. III skyrius tai pagrindinė darbo dalis, kurią sudaro kūrinių analizė pagal juose atsispindinčius regioninius motyvus. Šį skyrių sudaro pirmas poskyris, kuriame aptariamas emocinis ryšys su tėvyne, antras poskyris, kuriame analizuojami regionalizmo reiškiniai, atsispindintys veikaluose paminėtuose topografiniuose pavadinimuose, su regionu susijusių žmonių pavardėse, simboliuose ir motyvuose bei trečias poskyris, kuriame minimi nagrinėjamoje medžiagoje pasireiškiantys kalbos regionalizmo pavyzdžiai. Darbo pagrindinis tikslas buvo parodyti Juliano Korsako poezijoje įvairius regionalizmo aspektus. Tikiuosi, kad tai man nors iš dalies pavyko. Norėčiau pažymėti, kad dėl to, kad mažai yra mokslinių darbų mano pasirinkta tema, rašyti magistro darbą buvo sudėtinga, tačiau ilgainiui tyrinėjant temą ji suteikė man didelį pasitenkinimą.
The monograph includes a complex of problems connected with the regionalism character of Julian Korsak poetry. A lot of attention is paid to the problems of literature regionalism theory. The term regionalism is already known from many years, bet its treats intuicionally. There is no unequivocal definicion . The monograph presents types of definitions this problem. The analysis of the regionalism character of Julian Korsak poetry shown, that its exists in many levels of this literature – from the motives, names, symbols or geographic points till the language of poetry. The main part of the monograph deals with the examples of regionalism in poetry of Julian Korsak. It presents their basic types, construction, models and principle of use. The monograph also discusses abaut life of Julian Korsak. Becouse of insufficient sources about his biography, I decided to write about epoch and region of his childhood and adoult life. The main target of this monograph was to show the many perspectives and aspects of regionalism in Julian Korsak‘s poetry, what I hope is success. The absence of documents and other monographs about regionalism and poet‘s biography was a difficulty, bet at the same time it was an source of reserch satisfaction.
Roma living in Lithuania belong to three different groups: Lithuanian Roma (litovska Romá) Latvian Roma, (lotfítka Roma) and Kotlari (kotliárai). Not fully explainedis the affiliation of the Roma who ...live on the border with Kaliningrad callingthemselves as Fluks (Fliúki). The first Roma arrived to the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania probably from Poland. Until the last partition of Poland mild policy towards this minority clearly stood out against the background of contemporaryEurope. In the then Lithuania evolved even the institution of “Gypsy superior”, whose representative, in contrast to the “gypsy king”, came from the Roma community. The Partitions ended a period of relative freedom, and the subsequenthistorical events more and more tragically experienced Lithuanian Roma. As a resultof World War II was killed about 1/3 of the entire Roma population living in areas of Lithuania. Soviet forced settlement, as well as the experience of occupation, greatly weakened the Roma community – has broken the continuity of the tradition passed, it has been weakened adherence to internal orders and hierarchies. At themoment, Lithuanian Roma are among the worst-educated, most marginalized, theleast integrated and one of the most criminalized social group in Lithuania
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