W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad obrazem edukacji instytucjonalnej obecnym we współczesnych polskich piosenkach dziecięcych. Utwory te zostały poddane analizie jakościowej w celu ujawnienia ...elementów konstytuujących zawarty w nich wizerunek przedszkola i szkoły podstawowej. Badania ujawniły tendencję do ukazywania tych placówek edukacyjnych jako miejsc ukierunkowanych na kształtowanie tzw. „dzieci organizacji” – w pełni podporządkowanych instytucji (Moss Kanter 1972). W badanych piosenkach wyraźnie obecny jest dyskurs dziecka – „istoty przedludzkiej” (Męczkowska-Christiansen 2010), które wymaga ścisłej kontroli i nieustannej interwencji ze strony kompetentnych dorosłych. Wśród narzędzi dyscyplinujących wychowanków autorzy piosenek wymieniają m.in.: przedszkolną rutynę, sztywne zasady panujące w instytucjach, proces oceniania, a zwłaszcza stopnie szkolne, i inne atrybuty władzy nauczycielskiej (np. dziennik zajęć lekcyjnych, dzwonek). Analiza i interpretacja piosenek doprowadziły autorkę do wniosku, iż nie tylko odzwierciedlają one rozpowszechniony w Polsce tradycyjny model edukacyjny, ale także utrwalają go w językowym obrazie świata.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Celem artykułu jest problematyzacja pedagogicznej kategorii piosenki dziecięcej oraz krytyczna charakterystyka funkcji, które spełnia (?) ona we wczesnej edukacji. Zostały tu przywołane różne sposoby ...ujmowania piosenki dziecięcej jako specyficznego tekstu kultury, a także zarysowano pokrótce miejsce piosenki dziecięcej w zorganizowanych formach wczesnej edukacji muzycznej. Z literatury przedmiotu oraz z praktyki własnej autorki wynika, że postulowana wartość (edukacyjna, artystyczna, wychowawcza) piosenki dziecięcej zanika w obliczu chaosu pojęciowego i organizacyjnego związanego z wymogiem prowadzenia tzw. edukacji zintegrowanej.
The author of the article attempts to reconstruct the image of children’s attitudes and behaviours considered by adults to be desirable and undesirable in Polish children’s songs. The described ...results represent a part of a wider research project aimed at recognizing the image of the social world contained in songs for children. The qualitative analysis of the linguistic layer of these lyrics, carried out using the discourse analysis method, enabled the author to reach the vision of the social world propagated by them. One of its key elements turned out to be the image of children’s attitudes and behaviours, which are considered appropriate (polite) and inappropriate (rude, naughty) by the songwriters. As the analyses show, apart from a few exceptions, the studied children’s songs clearly fit into the functional and behavioural pedagogical discourse, as they emphasize the need to submit the child to the rules imposed from above. The upbringing process is often presented in the songs as reduced only to the application of punishments and – less frequently – rewards.
The abundance and the biodiversity of summer zooplankton in the waters of the Drawa drainage (NW Poland) were studied, as was their relation to selected environmental conditions. The conditions ...upstream, especially in the outlets of lakes, did not affect the zooplankton communities downstream. This was also true of tributaries which had no influence on the shape of the zooplankton communities in the main river. The number of zooplankton in the outlets of eutrophic lakes was greater than in those of mesotrophic lakes. Increased vegetation cover significantly affected mainly the crustacean communities of zooplankton. Larger amounts of zooplankton were observed in rivers where the riparian zone was not covered with vegetation, but this difference was not significant. The hydrological conditions of the rivers and the Secchi depth visibility strongly impacted the composition of the zooplankton. The influence of abiotic factors was most pronounced on the abundance of cladocerans, and least pronounced on the abundance of rotifers.
The aim of this article is to problematize the category of children’s song and to critically characterise the functions that children’s songs fulfil (or should fulfil) in early education. The author ...presents various perspectives of describing children’s songs as specific texts of culture, as well as points out their place in organized forms of early music education. Both subject literature and the author’s personal experience reveal that the postulated value of children’s songs vanishes when confronted with the requirement of so called “integrated education”.
The aim of this paper is to present results of critical analyses of Polish children’s songs. Having analysed the lyrics of more than eighty Polish children’s songs, the author couched main categories ...construing the image of the social world presented in them. The qualitative research revealed propaganda role of the language used in children’s songs: the features of social world (i.e. people, places, relationships, behaviours and values) that are presented in these songs often transmit strongly stereotypical and oversimplified vision of the social reality. In this sense, social education is based on manipulation in which lyrics are the main tool of symbolic violence.
The aim of this study was to make a comparative analysis of macrozoobenthos composition at different sites at selected sections of lower the Odra River with relation to different physicochemical ...factors. The observations were made on the lower section of Odra River at five study sites: two of them were localized in the main channel, one in the left branch of river, another one in the channel carrying post-cooling water from Dolna Odra power plant, and the last one was in the channel connecting both branches of Odra River. At all sites, 26 taxa were found representing by: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Malacostraca and Insecta. The greatest biodiversity and the highest abundance of zoobenthos organisms were noted in the channel joining the two branches of the river, site 5, characterised by the lowest water flow rates and the densest coverage of the macrophytes at the bottom. Temperature was the sole parameter to be studied that affected the composition of benthic invertebrates. A clearly negative impact of temperature on the diversity of invertebrates was observed only in the channel with post-cooling water discharged from the power plant.
The aim of this study was the determination and comparative analysis of the zooplankton communities between the inter-connected sections of the lower Oder river in relation to physicochemical ...factors. The study was performed at five sites of Oder. Two sites were localized in the main channel of Oder (East Oder), other sites were localized in the west arm of Oder and at the beginning of the canal carrying the post-cooling water from the power plant, and the last site was below at the shallow channel joining the Western Oder with the Eastern Oder. At the channel site in which the two arms of the river are connected a significantly higher taxa number, abundance and biomass of crustaceans was observed than at the other sites. The taxonomic similarity index between all sites was at a rather low level. The Pearson’s coefficient, multiple regression analysis and CCA showed that temperature, conductivity and content of nitrates had the strongest impact on the abundance of zooplankton. Thus, in lower, slowly flowing section of River Oder the physico-chemical variables influenced zooplankton density. Post-cooling water from the power plant influenced the zooplankton communities only in the channel discharging the waters into the river, while its influence on the zooplankton in the Oder is insignificant.
The rudd is a common freshwater species of the European ichthyofauna, however, this species' sexual cycle has not yet been described based on the histological analysis of its gonads. The aim of this ...study was to analyze the annual gonad development cycle of rudd from the watercourses
of north-western Poland. Adult individuals aged 2+ to 13+, of both sexes were caught in the Oder River and Lake Dąbie. A standard paraffin technique and six-stage scales were used to assess the development of gonad maturity in both sexes. Rudd gonads developed similarly in the Oder River
and Lake Dąbie. Eggs were deposited in batches from the beginning of May to the half of June. Females deposited at least two batches of eggs. In the majority of females collected from these sites, the gonads developed asynchronously throughout the year. Rudd males attained reproductive
readiness in the same period as the females, but retained gametes in their gonads for a month longer than the females. Rudd avoid locations with warmer water discharged from power plants.
Whitefish of the genus Coregonus is a valuable component of ichtyofauna, whose area of occurrence has decreased in the recent years. While whitefish still occur in natural populations in ...north-western Poland, the diversity of Polish whitefish is poorly understood. In the present study we investigate migratory whitefish from the Oder River as coastal whitefish from eastern and western populations of the Polish Baltic Sea, whitefish from lakes of northern Poland and raised whitefish stock from hatcheries. The subject of the study was the application of mtDNA PCR-RFLP and sequencing techniques to evaluate the genetic potential of the whitefish populations. For this purpose ND1, ND5/6 and a D-loop fragment were analysed. The most haplotypes were observed only in the migratory whitefish population from the Oder River. The greatest genetic distance of 0.029 was between the migratory populations from Lake Dąbie, Oder River, and the populations from Lake Morzycko, the Pomeranian Bay and the eastern migratory populations. The obtained results showed low variability between the analysed populations of the migratory, lake and whitefish broodstocks. The results of this study are a valuable molecular characterization of the populations and will provide data to conduct further genetic monitoring required for the ongoing protection and reintroduction activities.
PDF
