Teyujagua paradoxa is a remarkable early archosauromorph from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation, Brazil. The species was originally described from an almost complete skull and a few ...associated cervical vertebrae, and no further postcranial elements were known at that time. Additional fieldwork in the Sanga do Cabral Formation, however, was successful in recovering a fairly complete postcranial skeleton attributable to the holotype. Here, we describe this new postcranial material, which is composed of cervical, dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae, limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles, ribs, and gastralia. The description of its postcranial skeleton makes T. paradoxa one of the best‐known early‐diverging archosauromorphs. The cladistic analysis performed after the scoring of postcranial data recovered T. paradoxa in the same position initially described, close to the node that defines the Archosauriformes. Teyujagua paradoxa shares morphological features with representatives of early‐diverging archosauromorphs and archosauriforms, with certain traits demonstrating a mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states. We also performed partitioned morphospace and disparity analysis to elucidate the morphological disparity and evolutionary patterns among archosauromorphs. Teyujagua paradoxa occupies a notable position, suggesting an intermediate morphology between early archosauromorphs and proterosuchids. Disparity estimates highlighted Pseudosuchia and Avemetatarsalia as having the highest median disparity, reflecting their diverse cranial and postcranial morphologies, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into archosauromorph macroevolution and adaptation.
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The present study evaluated the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO) pathway in the cholera toxin-induced diarrhea and its possible action mechanism. The ...pharmacological modulation with CORM-2 (a CO donor) or Hemin (a HO-1 inducer) decreased the intestinal fluid secretion and Cl− efflux, altered by cholera toxin. In contrast, ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor) reversed the antisecretory effect of Hemin and potentiated cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion. Moreover, CORM-2 also prevented the alteration of intestinal epithelial architecture and local vascular permeability promoted by cholera toxin. The intestinal absorption was not altered by any of the pharmacological modulators. Cholera toxin inoculation also increased HO-1 immunoreactivity and bilirubin levels, a possible protective physiological response. Finally, using fluorometric technique, ELISA assay and molecular docking simulations, we show evidence that CO directly interacts with cholera toxin, forming a complex that affects its binding to GM1 receptor, which help explain the antisecretory effect. Thus, CO is an essential molecule for protection against choleric diarrhea and suggests its use as a possible therapeutic tool.
In the present study, the gastroprotective effect of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from marine alga Agardhiella ramosissima (SP-Ar) was investigated against alcoholic gastropathy. Gastric ...physiological functions and in vitro antioxidant activity also were studied. It was found that SP-Ar significantly reduced macroscopic injury and histologically maintained the architecture of gastric epithelium altered by ethanol, with maximum effect at 90 mg/kg. Importantly, animals treated with SP-Ar also had preservation of oxidative status, with reduction of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) consumption and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, reduced vascular permeability, besides preventing gastric hemorrhage. In addition, SP-Ar administration did not modify gastric secretion or emptying. In vitro antioxidant data showed that SP-Ar presented high total antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, and ferrous iron chelating capacity. It was observed that SP-Ar protected gastric mucosa against alcoholic gastropathy by preventing the formation or neutralizing free radicals, associated with its intrinsic antioxidant activity. In this regard, this macromolecule should have possible application as a new therapeutic alternative or food additive to increase gastric mucosa defense.
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•Sulfated iota-carrageenan from Agardhiella ramosissima (SP-Ar) reduces ethanol-induced gastric injury.•SP-Ar preserves the balance in the oxidative status in the ethanol-induced gastric injury.•SP-Ar does not modify gastric secretion or emptying.•SP-Ar has in vitro antioxidant activity.
O coentro Coriandrum sativum L. pertencente à família Apiaceae, cuja folha é usada como tempero ou condimento, exala odor característico. É uma hortaliça utilizada em diversas regiões do Brasil como ...condimento, de grande importância socio-econômica. O desempenho dessa hortaliça é muito importante para os produtores devido a sua comercialização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi acompanhar a fenologia do coentro (C. sativum L.) em diferentes condições de luminosidade. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), conduzido durante o período de agosto a novembro de 2019 no Campus I da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas-UNEAL em Arapiraca-AL. As sementes foram semeadas em bandejas e aos trinta dias após a emergência ocorreu o transplantio para recipientes de 3,5 litros, contendo mistura de terra e esterco curtido bovino na proporção 2:1. A irrigação ocorreu igualmente em todos os vasos, duas vezes ao dia. Portanto, dentre as variáveis analisadas, ocorreu maior rendimento das hortaliças com a variável MS – meia sombra (com sobrete de 50% de interceptação da radiação solar direta), obtendo plantas com caules e folhas mais desenvolvidos, além de cores mais vivas em relação àquelas cultivadas em ambientes diferentes. Conclui-se, portanto, que está hortaliça em um ambiente com 50% de intercepção de radiação solar promove maior rendimento para a produção de coentro, tornando-se a melhor opção para o cultivo dessa hortaliça.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) published in 2020 the updated recommendations for the ...diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Since then, new data have emerged in the literature, including new drugs approved for the systemic treatment of HCC that were not available at the time. The SBH board conducted an online single-topic meeting to discuss and review the recommendations on the systemic treatment of HCC. The invited experts were asked to conduct a systematic review of the literature on each topic related to systemic treatment and to present the summary data and recommendations during the meeting. All panelists gathered together for discussion of the topics and elaboration of the updated recommendations. The present document is the final version of the reviewed manuscript containing the recommendations of SBH and its aim is to assist healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and planners in Brazil and Latin America with systemic treatment decision-making of patients with HCC.
Introdução. Dicinodontes são terápsidos herbívoros cosmopolitas com um extenso registro fóssil. No Brasil, esses animais foram encontrados em depósitos dos Períodos Permiano e Triássico localizados ...no Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo e Metodologia. Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar a diversidade taxonômica e a paleobiologia dos dicinodontes, com ênfase nos espécimes brasileiros, por meio da literatura publicada. Resultados. Os resultados revelam que os dicinodontes são um grupo diverso, com variações significativas em aspectos paleobiológicos, como tamanho e hábito de vida. Além disso, diferentes subgrupos apresentam níveis distintos de diversidade. Notavelmente, os dicinodontes brasileiros exibem uma assimetria na diversidade entre os períodos Permiano e Triássico. Essa disparidade pode sugerir uma diferença real na diversidade ou uma subestimação da mesma no Permiano, devido às limitações do registro fóssil atual. Conclusão. Portanto, estudos adicionais com os fósseis coletados no Brasil são necessários para investigar e compreender melhor essas questões.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativumL.) belongs to the family Apiaceae, whose leaf is used as seasoning or condiment, and exudes a characteristic odor. Coriander is a vegetable consumed in several regions ...of Brazil as a condiment, and has great socioeconomic importance. The performance of this vegetable is important for small farmers due to its marketing. The objective of this work was to monitor the phenology and productivity of coriander (C. sativumL.) under different lighting conditions. The experiment was conducted from August to November 2019, at Campus I of the State University of Alagoas –UNEAL in Arapiraca –AL. The planting was done in 3.5 liter containers, containing mixture of soil and tanned cattle manure, in a proportion of 2:1, and arranged in a fully cazualized experimental design (DIC). Irrigation management occurred daily, during the morning and afternoon. Therefore, among the variables analyzed, there was a higher yield of vegetables with MS treatment –half shade (with 50% sombrite interception of direct solar radiation in greenhouse), obtaining significantresults for the variables studied. It can be affirmed that vegetables in an environment with 50% interception of solar radiation promotes higher yield for coriander production, making it the best option for the cultivation of this vegetable.
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