Bariatric Surgery and Precision Nutrition Nicoletti, Carolina F; Cortes-Oliveira, Cristiana; Pinhel, Marcela A S ...
Nutrients,
09/2017, Letnik:
9, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This review provides a literature overview of new findings relating nutritional genomics and bariatric surgery. It also describes the importance of nutritional genomics concepts in personalized ...bariatric management. It includes a discussion of the potential role bariatric surgery plays in altering the three pillars of nutritional genomics: nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, and epigenetics. We present studies that show the effect of each patient's genetic and epigenetic variables on the response to surgical weight loss treatment. We include investigations that demonstrate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with obesity phenotypes and their influence on weight loss after bariatric surgery. We also present reports on how significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery impacts telomere length, and we discuss studies on the existence of an epigenetic signature associated with surgery outcomes and specific gene methylation profile, which may help to predict weight loss after a surgical procedure. Finally, we show articles which evidence that bariatric surgery may affect expression of numerous genes involved in different metabolic pathways and consequently induce functional and taxonomic changes in gut microbial communities. The role nutritional genomics plays in responses to weight loss after bariatric surgery is evident. Better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process is necessary for successful weight management and maintenance.
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. These proteins participate in thermogenesis and energy expenditure. This study aimed to evaluate how UCP1 and UCP3 ...expression influences substrate oxidation and elicits possible changes in body composition in patients submitted to bariatric surgery.
This is a longitudinal study comprising 13 women with obesity grade III that underwent bariatric surgery and 10 healthy weight individuals (control group). Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation was determined by indirect calorimetry. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected for gene expression analysis. QPCR was used to evaluate UCP1 and UCP3 expression.
Obese patients and the control group differed significantly in terms of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Six months after bariatric surgery, the differences disappeared. Lipid oxidation correlated with the percentage of fat mass in the postoperative period. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the UCP1 and UCP3 genes contributed to lipid and carbohydrate oxidation. Additionally, UCP3 expression was associated with BMI, percentage of lean body mass, and percentage of mass in the postoperative period.
UCP1 and UCP3 expression is associated with lipid and carbohydrate oxidation in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. In addition, UCP3 participates in body composition modulation six months postoperatively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Survivin is an oncogene associated with a decrease in apoptosis, an increase in tumor growth, and poor clinical outcome of diverse malignancies. A correlation between obesity, cancer, and survivin is ...reported in the literature. To date, the impact of weight loss on change in survivin levels is understudied. This study was aimed at: (1) comparing survivin levels in adipose tissue (AT) from lean and obese animal models and evaluating changes after weight loss induced by energy restriction and/or exercise; (2) comparing survivin levels in normal weighted and obese humans and evaluating changes in survivin levels after weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) or bariatric surgery in AT and/or blood leukocytes (PBL/PBMCs).
Survivin expression was evaluated in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT derived from animal models of monogenic (Zucker rats) and diet-induced obesity (Sprague Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice) and after a 4-week weight-loss protocol of energy restriction and/or exercise. Plasma was used to measure the inflammatory status. Survivin expression was also evaluated in PBMCs from patients with obesity and compared with normal weight, in PBLs after VLCKD, and in SAT and/or PBLs after bariatric surgery.
Survivin expression was specifically higher in VAT from obese that lean animals, without differences in SAT. It decreased after weight loss induced by energy restriction and correlated with adiposity and inflammatory markers. In humans, the correlation between being obese and higher levels of survivin was confirmed. In obese subjects, survivin levels were reduced following weight loss after either VLCKD or bariatric surgery. Particularly, a decrease in PBMCs expression (not in SAT one) was found after surgery.
Weight loss is effective in decreasing survivin levels. Also, PBL/PBMC should be regarded as appropriate mirror of survivin levels in VAT for the identification of an obesity-related protumoral microenvironment.
This is a longitudinal single-arm clinical trial aimed to investigate whether exercise training would modify the whole blood methylation profile in healthy women. A total of 45 subjects were engaged ...in an exercise training protocol during a 14-wk follow up, consisting of aerobic cardiorespiratory and muscle strength exercises. Subjects were evaluated at baseline (PRE), after 7 wk of exercise training (POST 7), and after 14 wk of exercise training (POST 14). Functional primary outcomes included anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical measurements, physical tests, and global health assessments. Blood samples were collected at each time point to determine the methylation profile using a DNA methylation array technique screening up to 850k different sites. Exercise training decreased blood pressure and triglyceride levels and enhanced physical performance, including upper- and lower-body maximum strength. Moreover, exercise training improved markers of quality of life. In the array analysis, 14 wk of exercise training changed the methylation of more than 800 sites. Across these differentially methylated sites, we found that differentially methylated sites in the promoter region were more hypermethylated after exercise training, suggesting that this hypermethylation process may affect the transcription process. When inputting the differentially methylated sites in pathway analysis, we found several metabolic pathways, including AMPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and insulin signaling. This study demonstrates that exercise training promotes a robust change in the whole blood methylation profile and provides new insights into the key regulators of exercise-induced benefits.
We have shown that exercise training lowers blood pressure and triglyceride levels, improves physical performance, and improves quality of life in middle-aged and elderly women. Regarding epigenetic data, we noticed that more than 800 sites are differentially methylated in whole blood after physical training. We emphasize that the differentially methylated sites in the promoter region are more hypermethylated after physical training. In addition, this study shows that key members of metabolic pathways, including AMPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, and insulin signaling, are among the genes hypermethylated after physical exercise in older women.
Weight regulation and the magnitude of weight loss after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be genetically determined. DNA methylation patterns and the expression of some genes can be altered ...after weight loss interventions, including RYGB. The present study aimed to evaluate how the gene expression and DNA methylation of
, an obesity and insulin-related gene, change after RYGB. Blood samples were obtained from 13 women (35.9 ± 9.2 years) with severe obesity before and six months after surgical procedure. Whole blood transcriptome and epigenomic patterns were assessed by microarray-based, genome-wide technologies. A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pre- and postoperative periods of RYGB. From these, we observed that genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways were upregulated after surgery. Then, the
gene was selected for further RT-qPCR analysis and cytosine-guanine nucleotide (CpG) sites methylation evaluation. We observed that the
gene was upregulated, and six DNA methylation CpG sites were differently methylated after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, we found that RYGB upregulates genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways.
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Ala55Val and -866G>A polymorphisms of the UCP2 gene are related to weight loss and changes in body composition after bariatric ...surgery performed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods This longitudinal study enrolled obese patients submitted to RYGB. Data regarding weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m2 ), fat-free mass (FFM; kg), fat mass (kg), weight loss (kg and %), and percent excess weight loss were collected from both preoperative and 1-y postoperative medical records. Polymorphisms were genotyped by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction and TaqMan-predesigned single nucleotide polymorphism Genotyping Assay kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The t test was used to compare variables between genotypes of each polymorphism to analyze the dominant and recessive models. Linear regression models were used to adjust the effects of initial weight, age, and sex on the variation of weight and body composition ( P < 0.05). Results We analyzed 150 severely obese individuals (age 47.2 ± 10.5 y; 80% women). Genotype analysis showed a greater prevalence of heterozygous GA (41.3%) for -866G>A polymorphism and CT (39.3%) for Ala55Val polymorphism. Individuals who carried the T (CT+TT) and A (GA+AA) mutated alleles for Ala55Val and -866G>A, respectively, showed a higher weight and FFM loss. Conclusion The mutated alleles T for Ala55Val and A for -866G>A polymorphism could be biomarkers of weight loss 1 y after RYGB.
Exercise training and bariatric surgery have been shown to independently modulate DNA methylation profile in clusters of genes related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to ...investigate the effects of a 6-month exercise training program on DNA methylation profile in women who underwent bariatric surgery. In this exploratory, quasi-experimental study, we analyzed DNA methylation levels by array technology in eleven women who underwent Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and a 6-month, three-times-a-week, supervised exercise training program. Epigenome Wide Association Analysis showed 722 CpG sites with different methylation level equal to or greater than 5% (
< 0.01) after exercise training. Some of these CpGs sites were related to pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation, specially Th17 cell differentiation (FDR value < 0.05 and
< 0.001). Our data showed epigenetic modification in specific CpG sites related to Th17 cell differentiation pathway in post-bariatric women following a 6-months exercise training program.
The worldwide outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already caused a substantial public health burden. Increasing number of studies linked obesity to more severe COVID-19 ...consequence and mortality, challenging health systems worldwide, especially in emerging countries like Brazil. Herein, we aimed to search the literature and present the current intersection between obesity and COVID-19 in the Brazilian population.
One hundred twenty-five articles were initially searched after duplicate removal, and nine were finally included in our analysis.
Our findings emphasized the magnitude of COVID-19 infection in Brazil and the impact of obesity as a risk factor that aggravates the prognosis of outpatients or hospitalized patients. We also demonstrated social aspects of COVID-19 that could act enhancing the obesity condition in Latin American countries.
A more careful look at the available data could help to understand better the dynamic between obesity and COVID-19, focusing on the Brazilian population and could eventually guide management strategies and therapies for COVID-19 in the future.
Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of INSIG, PCSK9 and FTO genes with anthropometric, biochemical characteristics and presence of metabolic syndrome in ...patients with severe obesity. Material and methods: the present study enrolled 150 patients with grade II or III obesity, who were submitted to nutritional assessment, blood pressure measurement and peripheral blood collection. INSIG2 (rs75666605), PCSK9 (rs505151), and FTO (rs9939609) polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assays probes in real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The experimental data are processed in SPSS Statistics 22.0 (p < 0.05). Results: in this study, 72.2% of obese subjects had metabolic syndrome (MS). There was a higher prevalence of AA (86.9%), CG (51.1%) and AT (46.2%) genotypes for the PCSK9, INSIG2 and FTO polymorphisms, respectively. There was no association of these polymorphisms with the prevalence of MS (p > 0.05). On the other hand, individuals with at least one variant allele (G) for the INSIG2 gene had higher triglycerides levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the polymorphism rs7566605 of the INSIG2 gene is associated with higher triglycerides levels and blood pressure values, which are also considered as risk factors for the development of MS.
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to involve genetic susceptibility to neurodegeneration. APOE gene has been considered a risk factor for PD. This study aimed to evaluate the ...association of APOE polymorphism with PD and its influence on lipid profile. We studied 232 PD patients (PD) and 169 individuals without the disease. The studied polymorphism was analyzed by PCR/RFLP. The Fisher's exact test, chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test (P<0.05) were applied. The APOE3/3 genotype was prevalent in PD patients and Controls (P=0.713) followed by APOE3/4 (P=0.772). Both groups showed recommended values for lipid profile, with increase in the values of total cholesterol and LDLc, as well as decreased values of triglycerides in PD patients compared with Controls (P<0.05 for all of them). Increased levels of HDLc, in PD patients, were associated with the APOE3/3 versus APOE-/4 genotypes (P=0.012). The APOE polymorphism does not distinguish PD patients from Controls, as opposed to the lipid profile alone or in association with APOE. Furthermore, a relationship between increase of HDLc levels and APOE3 in homozygous was found in PD patients only.
PDF
